Difference between Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways * Catabolic Pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds. (eg Glucose catabolism) * Anabolic Pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. (eg amino acids to proteins) Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions * An exergonic reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous (energy released) * An endergonic reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which turns out is the cause of crown gall diseases in many ornamental and fruit plants (Keefer). Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a species of soil-dwelling bacteria that has the ability to infect plant cells with a piece of its own DNA. “The Agrobacterium tumefaciens cell contains two DNA containing structures; a bacterial chromosome and another structure known as a Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid” (Keefer). According to University of Washington microbiologists, Agrobacterium only infects
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aging in human cell by turning off and tuning on the new technology raising nuclear NAD+ (the compound responsible for communication between the nucleus and mitrocondise in your cells). * Old mice reverse metabolic dysfunction to give a compound called nicolinamaide adenine dinucleotide or NAD a week and found age indicator 2 year’s old mice or that 6 month old. * That a result be turning 60 year old human into a twenty year old. * They was a Another study published in CELL reports that
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This process mostly occurs in certain types of animals like worms, starfish and sea cucumbers, but regeneration can occur in every species. The type of regeneration differs, as planaria can regenerate their entire body, as humans can only regenerate cells and certain body organs, such as the liver (Chen et al. 1991). Regeneration is important to the animal because it is involved in functionality, and without these limbs and structures the animal would have “locomotor, foraging, reproductive, and/or
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Imagine being adopted from a foreign country, you don’t know anything about your family’s genetic history or your ancestry. What can you do to find out these types of things? You could take a genetic test, genetic testing can be used to help prevent diseases, it’s the analysis and collection of someone's DNA. It helps identify what diseases someone is predisposed to and can recommend steps to help them change their lifestyle. A wide variety of genetic tests are now available to the public, some give
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‘Flowers for Algernon” Persuasive Essay 1 out of 5 American adults have an I.Q. of 70 or lower, what if we told you there was a surgery to fix it. In the science fiction story “Flowers for Algernon” by Daniel Keyes, Charlie Gordon is 37 years old, and has an I.Q. of 68. Then Charlie was offered to have a surgery to have his I.Q. tripled (204). Charlie Gordon was right to have the A.I. surgery because he contributed to science, raised his I.Q. , and got to be normal. Charlie Gordon wanted to be
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a) So, FOXP2 was the gene discovered in the KE family, whose family members over 3 generations had a severe speech disorder. This diffuse condition affects grammar, speech production, non-verbal intelligence and non-speech related movement of the mouth and face. They tested affected and unaffected members of the family and concluded that the disorder has the following characteristics, defects in processing words, understanding of more complex sentences, inability to form intelligible speech, defects
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Cloning is a very confusing subject. Somehow, scientists are able to clone an animal from only DNA. Scientists have come so far, that they have cloned extinct animals. Most of the animals die when they are young, but they are getting better at keeping these animals alive. There is also natural cloning. Identical twins is a type of natural cloning. Cloning is very interesting. The most important cloning that ever happened was Dolly the Sheep. Dolly the Sheep was the first cloned mammal ever
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Standard Trisomy 21 is when an extra 21st chromosome is duplicated. The extra copy could come from the egg or sperm cell. Translocation is caused when pieces of the 21st chromosome is located on another chromosome such as 14 or 17. And finally Mosaicism, Mosaicism is the presence of multiple types of cells with different genotypes in one individual cell. An example of this is when, some cells contain the usual 46 chromosome but will also contain genetic material of 47 as well. (What is Down Syndrome?pg
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Imagine a world full of “Mini-Hitlers”, genetic replicates of Adolf Hitler, seeking world domination. Picture them starting a second Holocaust on a worldwide scale, killing millions upon millions of people as a “final solution” to establish a superior race. This scenario is far-fetched, but this is the kind of thing people think about when they hear the word “cloning”. Cloning has frequently surfaced within the media, and continues to garner attention. For example, the movie Jurassic Park features
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