Phosphoric acid (85%) was first recognized as a swelling agent to produce reactive cellulose from air dried cellulose by Walseth [251]. Phosphoric acid swollen cellulose was then subjected to vast studies as cellulose substrate for cellulase activity assays and preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) [252-254]. However, Zhang et al. [255] first observed cellulose dissolution behavior when the phosphoric acid (PA) concentration reached greater than 80.5%, its critical concentration value
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The pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Verticillium lecanii, was evaluated against the adult of vine mealybug ,Planococcus ficus (Signoret) under laboratory conditions by dipping bioassays. The results showed that the virulence of B. bassiana was higher than the virulence of M.anisopliae and V. lecanii. In case of B. bassiana isolate, the LC50 value was 6 × 104 conidia /ml while LT50 recorded 5.30 days at 5 × 107 conidia /ml. Results showed that
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CHAPTER 1 1.1INTRODUCTION Leprosy is caused by mycobacterium called leprea. The Norwegian doctor amuer Hansen isolated the bacterium in 1875. Leprosy is also called hansen’s disease after him, although it is first human pathogenic bacterium causing disease in man, though it has not been cultured in laboratory (rees.r. 1939). A large number of people in this world are exposed to these dangerous diseases, some of the conditions are likely to harm the health and mental of the patients. The challenges
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Screening of various plants viz; Oreganum vulgare (Oregano), Ocimum basilicum (Basil), Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass), Corriander sativum (Corriander), Mentha piperita (Mint), Trigonella foenumgraceum (Fenugreek) and Aloe barbadensia (Aloe Vera) have been screened for the presence of protease enzyme. 4.1 Screening of various plants for protease enzyme Protease has been extracted from various plant samples and assayed for enzyme activity using standard protocols as mentioned in materials
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DESCRIPTION Herceptin (trastuzumab) is a humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody that selectively binds with high affinity to the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein, HER2. Trastuzumab is produced by recombinant DNA technology in a mammalian cell (Chinese Hamster Ovary) culture containing the antibiotic gentamicin. Gentamicin is not detectable in the final product. Herceptin is a sterile, white to pale yellow, preservative-free lyophilized powder for intravenous
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Bacteria are one of two types of Prokaryotic cells; the other being Archaea. The term “Prokaryotic” is Greek for “before nucleus”; therefore, bacteria are types of cells with no official nucleus. Cells with a nucleus came later on as life progressed, those being the Eukaryotes. Archaea and Bacteria are often confused together as they have very similar physical characteristics. They both have the same shape, size, and appearance, along with no membrane-bound organelles, but they have different ancestral
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Validation of the dried blood spots in monitoring toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa and it has a vast worldwide distribution. Cats are the definitive host of T. gondii, and all other hosts in which only asexual reproduction can occur are defined as intermediate hosts. Humans are known to be infected by many routes: a) Ingestion of Toxoplasma tissue cyst or pseudocysts with raw or partly cooked meat or during hand-to-mouth contact
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Algae is a plant which range from the microscopic(microalgae) to more than one hundred feet in length. Microalgae include cyanobacteria(blue-green algae) as well as green, brown and red algae. Algae grows in water resources such as brackish, sea and waste water unsuitable for cultivating agricultural crops. Most microalgae grow through photosynthesis which is by converting sunlight, CO2 and a few nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus ,into material known as biomass. This is called “autotrophic”
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on earth where there is liquid water or even a tiny amount of moisture, including hot springs on the ocean floor, on human skin, deep inside rocks within the earth, in a cow’s stomach, and inside a sponge used for washing dishes. Microbes can be bacteria, archaea, fungi, or protists, but not prions and viruses, which are classified as non-living. Microbes are usually described as unicellular, or single-celled, organisms. However, some multicellular species are microscopic, and some unicellular protists
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Mold is a very common problem in homes today because mold spores are everywhere. They travel through the air looking for a damp place to settle and grow. Once they find a place, they start colonizing and giving off toxins that can make you sick. That is why mold detection in so important in every room of your home. Here is a room-by-room guide of the most common places mold will take up residence in your home. Look for cottony patches or discoloration on surfaces. It can be any color, white, black
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