LEADERSHIP AND EXPECTATIONS: PYGMALION EFFECTS AND OTHER SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECIES IN ORGANIZATIONS Dov Eden Tel Aviv University The Pygmalion effect is a type of self-fulfilling prophecy (SFP) in which raising manager expectations regarding subordinate performance boosts subordinate performance. Managers who are led to expect more of their subordinates lead them to greater achievement. Programmatic research findings from field experiments are reviewed, and our present knowledge
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JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING RESEARCH Volume Fifteen 2003 pp. 95–116 Practice Developments in Budgeting: An Overview and Research Perspective Stephen C. Hansen The George Washington University David T. Otley Lancaster University Wim A. Van der Stede University of Southern California Abstract: Practitioners in Europe and the U.S. recently have proposed two distinct approaches to address what they believe are shortcomings of traditional budgeting practices. One approach advocates improving
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rewards have on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction increases the degree of happiness in the workplace, which leads to a positive work approach. A lack of jobsatisfaction can lead to increased absenteeism and unnecessary turnover in the workplace(Locke, 1998). A satisfied worker is creative, flexible, innovative, and loyal, (Enotes, 2010). Employee’s job satisfaction has always been an important issue for managers. Since, satisfied employees tend to be more productive, creative and committed to
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Motivation Theories (Content vs. Process) Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives: Content and Process theories. Content Theories deal with “what” motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McCelland studied motivation from a “content” perspective. Process Theories deal with the “process” of motivation and is concerned with “how” motivation occurs. Vroom, Porter & Lawler, Adams and Locke studied motivation
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aversiveness, task delay, selfefficacy, and impulsiveness, as well as conscientiousness and its facets of self-control, distractibility, organization, and achievement motivation. These effects prove consistent with temporal motivation theory, an integrative hybrid of expectancy theory and hyperbolic discounting. Continued research into procrastination should not be delayed, especially because its prevalence appears to be growing. Keywords: procrastination, irrational delay, pathological decision making, meta-analysis
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Article history: Received 21 February 2012 Received in revised form 22 May 2012 Accepted 31 May 2012 Available online 26 June 2012 PsycINFO classification: 2300 Human Experimental Psychology 2360 Motivation and Emotion 2346 Attention a b s t r a c t It is well recognised that motivational factors can influence neuropsychological performance. The aim of this study was to explore individual differences in intrinsic motivation and reward-seeking and the effect of these on attentional and
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organizational performance--is critical. Based on theories, studies, best practices, case studies and resources about motivation, this solutions-focused research article presents valuable information for the senior HR leader seeking competitive advantage. ********** Introduction In today's marketplace, where companies seek a competitive edge, motivation is key for talent retention and performance. No matter the economic environment, the goal is to create a workplace that is engaging and motivating
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Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes Vol. 86, No. 1, September, pp. 99–130, 2001 doi:10.1006/obhd.2001.2974, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Mood and Emotions in Small Groups and Work Teams Janice R. Kelly Purdue University and Sigal G. Barsade Yale University Affective influences abound in groups. In this article we propose an organizing model for understanding these affective influences and their effects on group life. We begin with individuallevel
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correlates is insignificant. Most knowledge comes from journalistic accounts, individual experiences, opinions of scholars and corridor conversation. These are essentially descriptive pieces without much empirical base and with limited utility for the theory of knowledge. Today's managers find it hard to ignore the issue of job satisfaction at a time when the demand of meaningful work is increasing. There are two main reasons why managers are concerned with job satisfaction. First, they have a moral responsibility
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[3] Since they are a fundamental element of projects, it is important to show their effect on individuals. These effects can vary to a large extend due to differing perceptions of time as a limited resource. Waller et al. highlight this issue by setting up a pattern of two dimensions, namely time urgency and time perspective.[4] Consequently, a time urgent person is someone who sees time as his own enemy and therefore creates own deadlines in order to schedule every activity. Based upon the framework
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