often organized into groups know as the mafia or gangs. They operate as a single unit with a common purpose and goal; money and intimidation of political figures in order to further the organizations wealth and status. Two such organizations the Russian Mafia, which dates back to the times when Czars ruled the country and the Japanese Yakuza, which are believed to be formed sometime during the Edo period of Japanese History (1603-1868) share similarities in operations and activities but also differ
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been able to overpower the revolution. Nicholas II also had support from a group known as the Black Hundreds. This was a counter revolutionary group formed of mainly richer citizens such as landowners who supported the principles of autocracy and Russian nationalism. The Black Hundreds helped the government regain control as even though they did not have governmental approval they hunted down and executed thousands of know reformers meaning that it would be again be easier for the government to survive
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Nearly the ends of concert of Europe, there have been changes to some European countries, by some high-ranking political leaders. Leaders such as the Prime minister of Prussia Otto Von Bismarck, Mamio Benso Count of Cavour the Prime minister of the kingdom of Piedmont and lastly the Tsar of Russia Alexander II. Russia when to major changes after their defeat in the Crimean war, in which Alexander II made drastic choices for his kingdom. Cavour and Bismarck both prime ministers had in their mind
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Russia has never been a happy place. Since the 12th Century it has been bogged down in poverty, horrific living conditions, and an extremely separated class system. It took many years for the workers and slaves of Russian life to finally organize themselves and revolt against the causes of such hardship; many years of pain, suffering, and oppression that were brought on by the czars. It was this stagnant suffering that would finally begin to lift, and eventually bring power to the Bolsheviks and
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Peace, Land, and Bread The Bolsheviks’ Rise to Power in Revolutionary Russia In January of 1917, Vladimir Lenin said that he did not believe that he would not live to see a socialist revolution. Indeed, Russia appeared to be comfortably transitioning in bourgeois democracy. Progressive leaders, Pavel Miliukov and Prince Lvov were taking control of the State Duma, both Leon Trotsky and Lenin were in exile, and their Bolshevik Party’s following had been decimated by conscription. Yet by the
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An understanding of the Russian nihilism of the 1860s begins with an attempt to understand the concept of nihilism. This is naturally difficult because if there is a word that has even more loaded, and negative, connotations than anarchism it would be nihilism. This is particularly because the primary vehicle of our modern understanding of nihilism is through the fiction of Turgenev and Dostoevsky. Neither of these authors were particularly sympathetic to nihilism and provided nihilist characters
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views similar with his contemporaries on the negative impact of material progress on the mental health of Russian society. Approximately 30 years before the reforms of the 1860’s, an Englishman who traveled to St. Petersburg, Thomas Raikes, Esq., commented that Russians had not yet experienced the progress of civilization that accounted for the misery leading to suicide. At the time, Russians were not yet privy to the amount of responsibility over their social and political conditions as they would
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that included Siberia as well as Kazan and Astrakhan to the east (Kort 35) would benefit Russia from an economic, political, and social standpoint. First of all, he managed to annex a large Muslim population that lived in these areas (“Prominent Russians: Ivan IV the Terrible”) and turned Russia into a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state. The significance of this is enormous as this happened in the 1500’s, a time where Europeans, fresh off the Dark Ages, were generally intolerant to any religions
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better conditions, for there was overcrowding and they suffered from the very same poor living conditions as the peasants. Yet, with all these problems faced by the peasants and the workers, many of these were not addressed. Although Sergei Witte, a Russian politician, made many policies on expanding the industry, the worker’s life grew no better, and the agriculture sector was mostly ignored. The overall unhappiness and dissatisfaction of the general populace was exacerbated by the failures of the Tsar
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RUSSIAN SERFDOM: ALEXANDER RADJSHCHEV: ● travelers often travel for long periods of time, crossing over to different seasons or climate conditions ● landowners would not let their serfs pay a communication tax they would force them into labor in undesirable conditions ● the owner of the peasants have 50 people working just to feed that one owner but the slaves have to work harder, in worse conditions with only 1 person and a whole family to feed ● Owner pays head tax so owner controls everyth
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