benefits that are spread out over several timeperiods. This leads to a requirement that the time value of money be considered in order to evaluatethe alternatives correctly. Although to make decisions we must consider risks as well as time value, I restrict the discussion to situations in which the costs and benefits are known with certainty. There are sufficient difficulties in just taking the time value of money into consideration. Moreover, when the cash flows are allowed to be uncertain, I would suggest
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B) financial decisions made by corporations C) financial decisions made by governments D) none of the above Answer: B Type: Easy Page: 3 2. Finance, generally, deals with A) money B) markets C) people D) all of the above Answer: D Type: Easy Page: 3 3. The following are examples of the United States-based corporations except: A) General Motors
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Chapter 4 Questions (4-2) What is an opportunity cost rate? How is this rate used in discounted cash flow analysis, and where is it shown on a time line? Is the opportunity rate a single number that is used to evaluate all potential investments? An opportunity cost rate is the rate of return you would earn on an alternative investment of similar risk if you don’t invest under consideration. (4-5) Would you rather have a savings account that pays 5% interest compounded semiannually or
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Assignment 2: LASA 1- The Time of Money Rodney Schilling Financial Management February 26, 2014 Professor Charlie Merritt Argosy University Online LASA 1- The Time of Money In this scenario, I will be giving a detailed report on four different financial issues that Mary has asked me to help her resolve before her retirement. Mary has worked for Argosy University for almost 25 years and is looking to retire in the near future and wants to address several financial issues
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Time Value of Money Compounding – The process of determining the value of a cash flow or series of cash flows at some point in the future when compound interest is applied. Discounting – The process of finding the present value of a cash flow or series of cash flows; the reverse of compounding. Time Line – A graphical representation used to show the timing of cash flows. If not otherwise stated, assume that the cash flow(s) occur at the end of the period indicated. Terminology
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Composition of interest rates In economics, interest is considered the price of money, therefore, it is also subject to distortions due to inflation. The nominal interest rate, which refers to the price before adjustment to inflation, is the one visible to the consumer (i.e., the interest tagged in a loan contract, credit card statement, etc). Nominal interest is composed by the real interest rate plus inflation, among other factors. A simple formula for the nominal interest is: i = r + π Where
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Cash Flow Where: cash flow at time t. time periods. the effective rate over a single period. Not to be reproduced without the permission of the authors. 1-2 Calculation Example: Present Value of a Single Cash Flow Question: What is the present value of $100 received in 5 years when interest rates are 8% pa? Answer: Not to be reproduced without the permission of the authors. 1-3 Future Value of a Single Cash Flow Where: cash flow now. time periods into the future. the effective
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LEARNING TEAM A DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. How do you explain the use of time value of money (TVM) in business? The principle of the Time Value of Money indicates that “a dollar today is worth more than a dollar received a year from now because a dollar today can be invested and earn interest.” This is an extremely significant theory in business in view of the fact that financial managers when undertaking new investments have to support their decision about whether or not this investment will add
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ALTERNATIVE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ALTERNATIVE PROBLEMS 5-1A. (Compound Interest) To what amount will the following investments accumulate? a. $4,000 invested for 11 years at 9% compounded annually b. $8,000 invested for 10 years at 8% compounded annually c. $800 invested for 12 years at 12% compounded annually d. $21,000 invested for 6 years at 5% compounded annually 5-2A. (Compound Value Solving for n) How many years will the following take?
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Financial markets and management Valuation of investment Value of investment = value of investment’s cash flows * Concept of present value: value of investment = PV(CF°, CF1, CF2…) Important characteristics of cash flows: * Time: for the same amount of money, now is preferred to tomorrow * Uncertainty: risk and return (1 for sure is preferred to half a chance to get 2) Opportunity cost of capital: Definition: opportunity cost of capital is the expected rate of return offered by equivalent
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