...notable growth during the 1920’s and expanded from a “live” medium to include previously recorded works. Radio advertising grew, networks began to form, and the first round of regulation was welcomed in order to establish better frequencies, free speech protections, equality amongst broadcasting stations, and that radio waves were public property (Adams). Fueled by the rapid exploration of technological changes in recording, this growth was able to sustain itself throughout one of the most turbulent times in American history because it provided cheap entertainment. By the mid 1930’s, a period considered to be its Golden Age, a radio could be found in over half of American homes and in over a million cars (Scott, 2008). The 1940’s were plagued with battles in the recording industry as live artists felt threatened by “canned” music and recording disk speeds were not uniform. Eventually, the 45 would become the industry standard for singles and the 331/3 LP would rule in album sales (Dominick, 2013). The growth of radio had built large corporations and therefore the need for regulation reform was acknowledged through the Communications Act of 1934...
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...By * Thejaswi (25) * Kasi viswanadh (26) * Phani babu (27) * Raghavendra (28) * Vasudev (29) Introduction History Mission and vision Personalities Products and services Organisational structure Achievements Rewards and recognition Turn over competitors Introduction: Larsen and Toubro Limited, is also known as L&T, is an Indian multinational conglomerate company. It is headquartered at Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was founded by Danish Engineers taking refuge in India. The company has business interests in engineering construction, manufacturing goods, information technology and financial services. It has an office in the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Sustainability is embedded into our long-term strategy for growth. The company is manufacturing footprint extends across eight countries in addition to India. L&T has several international offices and a supply chain that extends around the globe. History: This company was founded in the year 1938 in Bombay (Mumbai) by Danish Engineers, Henning Holck Larsen and Soren Kristian Toubro. The company began as a representative of Danish manufacturers of dairy equipment. The start of second war in 1939 and the resulting restriction on imports, the partners started a small workshop to undertake jobs and provide service facilities. Germany’s invasion of Denmark in 1940 stopped supplies of Danish products. The war-time need to repair and refit ships offered L&T an opportunity, and led...
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...Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation† David H. Autor T here have been periodic warnings in the last two centuries that automation and new technology were going to wipe out large numbers of middle class jobs. The best-known early example is the Luddite movement of the early 19th century, in which a group of English textile artisans protested the automation of textile production by seeking to destroy some of the machines. A lesser-known but more recent example is the concern over “The Automation Jobless,” as they were called in the title of a TIME magazine story of February 24, 1961: The number of jobs lost to more efficient machines is only part of the problem. What worries many job experts more is that automation may prevent the economy from creating enough new jobs. . . . Throughout industry, the trend has been to bigger production with a smaller work force. . . . Many of the losses in factory jobs have been countered by an increase in the service industries or in office jobs. But automation is beginning to move in and eliminate office jobs too. . . . In the past, new industries hired far more people than those they put out of business. But this is not true of many of today’s new industries. . . . Today’s new industries have comparatively few jobs for the unskilled or semiskilled, just the class of workers whose jobs are being eliminated by automation. Concerns over automation and joblessness during the 1950s and...
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...Transformations of Military Technology Transformations of Military Technology The military is armed forces authorized to use lethal force, and weapons, to support the interest of the citizens, and the profession of soldiering goes many years back. The military’s primary reason of existing is to engage in combat and be victorious. This is the primary focus for all military throughout history. Tactics and methods are used for engaging and defeating the enemy in direct combat. However the soldiers and armies have come a long way from the spear, or the bow and arrow. The innovations along with changes in tactics and strategies were crucial to the evolution of warfare. In the middle ages the army, air force, marines, national guards, and navy did not exist. Medieval knights were the middle ages military. Knighthood was awarded to members of nobility. Normally a man must have been born the son of a knight in order to become one. At the age of seven or eight, a young knight would be sent away from home to begin formal knight training, in preparation to dominate the medieval battlefield. In this training, the most commonly used weapons for war were swords and the lance; by horseback riding knights wearing body-covering armor. In addition, the knights were taught to use a wide range of weaponry, from simple tools and farm implements to sophisticated acts of surrounding and attacking the enemy, for capture. Wounds inflicted on the battlefield were usually cuts to arms, legs and scalp;...
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...The Telephone, the Device that Changed the Way We Communicate The Telephone, the Device that Changed the Way We Communicate Voice communication is the most commonly used way of expressing our wants, needs and thoughts. The telephone changed the way we communicate. It has been allowing people to talk in almost real time without seeing each other since its development in 1876. Until then, mail and the telegraph was the normal and only means to talk across the country. Although it was effective, those methods were all silent. Now with the telephone, you could truly convey your feelings to someone in a personal way. The other end could hear the happiness, the sadness, or the anger in your voice. Can you imagine life today without it? The telephone, which means far speaking in Greek, was developed in 1784. For years many people were working to bring this concept into reality. In March 10, 1876 a functioning model was completed by Alexander Graham Bell. “Mr. Watson, come here, I want you!” (Casson, p.12) were the first words spoken by Bell to his assistant, Thomas A. Watson. Finally, after many years of working on a way to transmit the voice over wires, Bell was successful with his design and protection of his product. He even had the foresight to have the patent paper work already done days before his invention was working. The next task would be getting people to use the telephone. When the telephone was invented it wasn’t very popular. In fact people didn’t...
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...Agricultural aircraft are also used for hydro seeding. Crop dusting with insecticides began in the 1920s in the United States. The first widely used agricultural aircraft were converted war-surplus biplanes, such as the De Havilland Tiger Moth and Stearman. After more effective insecticides and fungicides were developed in the 1940s, and aerial topdressing was developed by government research in New Zealand, purpose-built agricultural fixed-wing aircraft became common...
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...Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model 4 SWOT Analysis 6 Strengths 6 Weaknesses 7 Opportunities 7 Threats 8 Market Objectives 8 Product Objective 8 Price Objective 9 Place Objective 9 Promotion Objective 9 Marketing Strategies 9 Product Strategies 9 Price Strategies 10 Place Strategies 10 Promotion Strategies 10 Tactics and Action Plan 11 Product Action Plan 11 Price Action Plan 11 Place Action Plan 12 Promotion Action Plan 12 Monitoring Procedures 12 Introduction Company G has built a reputation as being an innovator with its product solutions. Consumers have learned to link trust and value with all of Company G’s product lines. Breaking ground and exploring new territories is engrained in our company history. When opportunities present themselves, our company has acted quickly to take advantage in order to sustain growth and corporate viability. Pet care is our most recent horizon and the following marketing plan details the approach and tactics needed in order for Company G to become recognizable within the market and meet our corporate objectives of growth and prosperity. Mission Statement “We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electronics solutions.” Product Description and Classification The Cat Nutrition Station (CNS) is a full featured cat feeding device that incorporates a robust selection of conveniences to help pet owners simplify their lives. Whether utilizing...
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...The History of Information Technology March 2010 Draft version to appear in the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 45, 2011 Thomas Haigh thaigh@computer.org University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Thomas Haigh The History of Information Technology – ARIST Draft 2 In many scholarly fields the new entrant must work carefully to discover a gap in the existing literature. When writing a doctoral dissertation on the novels of Nabokov or the plays of Sophocles, clearing intellectual space for new construction can be as difficult as finding space to erect a new building in central London. A search ensues for an untapped archive, an unrecognized nuance, or a theoretical framework able to demolish a sufficiently large body of existing work. The history of information technology is not such a field. From the viewpoint of historians it is more like Chicago in the mid-nineteenth century (Cronon, 1991). Building space is plentiful. Natural resources are plentiful. Capital, infrastructure, and manpower are not. Boosters argue for its “natural advantages” and promise that one day a mighty settlement will rise there. Speculative development is proceeding rapidly and unevenly. But right now the settlers seem a little eccentric and the humble structures they have erected lack the scale and elegance of those in better developed regions. Development is uneven and streets fail to connect. The native inhabitants have their ideas about how things should be done, which sometimes...
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...to Paintex LimitedICI Pakistan Manufacturers Limited sets up a Polyester Plant at Sheikhupura with a capacity of 12,000 tons • 1985Imperial Chemical Industries Pakistan (Private) Limited and Paintex Limited merge into ICI Pakistan Manufacturers Limited • 1987The company changes its name to ICI Pakistan Limited • 1991ICI Pakistan PowerGen Limited is incorporated as a public limited company • 1994ICI Pakistan increases capacity of Soda Ash Plant by 50,000 tons • 1996ICI Pakistan increases Polyester Fiber capacity to 60,000 tons and Polymerization capacity to 91,000 tons • 1998ICI commissions its PTA Plant at Port Qasim Karachi • 2000PTA Business demerges to form a separate entity, Pakistan PTA Limited • 2001Soda Ash Site completes Automation Cogeneration & Debottlenecking Project • 2002ICI Pakistan increases capacity of Polyester Plant by 44,000 tons The Pharmaceutical and Animal Health Segment was combined with the Agrochemicals and Seeds Segment to form the company’s Life Sciences Business • 2006As a part of an asset modernization and improvement plan the Polyester Business commissions a sixth processing line • 2007ICI Pakistan completes 50,000 tons expansion of its Soda Ash plants • 2008AkzoNobel, one of the largest coatings and chemicals...
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...Global Journal of Human Resource Management Vol.3, No.3, pp.58-73, May 2015 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) HISTORY, EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Kipkemboi Jacob Rotich1, Moi University, School of Human Resource Development, Department of Development Studies, P.o Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya. ABSTRACT: Various attempts have been made towards tracing the historical development of the discipline of Human Resource Management (HRM). However, these initiatives have largely been concentrated on certain specific periods of time and experiences of specific countries and regions such as Australia, the USA, the UK and Asia (Nankervis et.al, 2011; Kelly, 2003; Ogier, 2003). This paper attempts to document the entire history of the discipline of Human Resource Management from a holistic perspective. The evolution and development of HRM will be traced right from the pre-historic times through to the postmodern world. Major characteristics in the evolution and development of HRM will also be examined and documented. KEYWORDS: Human Resource Management (HRM), evolution, history INTRODUCTION Defining Human Resource Management (HRM) According to Armstrong (2006) Human Resource Management (HRM) is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization’s most valued assets – the people working there who individually and collectively...
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...retailer that supplies doughnuts to grocery stores until some customers figured where he had been making his doughnuts and asked if they could buy it right away. So, he cut a hole in an outside wall and began selling hot Original Glazed directly to potential customers on the sidewalk. By the 1940’s, the KKD, which began as a family-owned business, had expanded and opened some other chain of stores. However, to make the doughnuts’ flavor precise and consistent with the first few ones, Rudolph and his equipment engineer invented and built KKD’s own doughnut-making equipment. Then they focused on automating the doughnut-making process by the 1950’s. However, during the 60’s, KKD had expanded more and grew geographically large –having the original design of the stores uniform to be easily-recognized. In 1973, Rudolph died and the KKD was recognized for sale to Beatrice Foods Company, three years after his death. Franchisees brought back the KKD in 1982 and national expansion was well underway. In 1997, Krispy Kreme turned 60 and was officially recognized as a 20th century American icon with the donation of company artifacts to the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History. It was April 2000 when KKD held an initial public...
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...Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of industries beyond manufacturing (where it began). Once-ubiquitous telephone operators have been replaced largely by automated telephone switchboards and answering machines. Medical processes such as primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and laboratory analysis of human genes, sera, cells, and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and accuracy by automated systems. Automated teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions. In general, automation has been responsible for the shift in the world economy from industrial jobs to service jobs in the 20th and 21st centuries.[1] Movable type is the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation). The world's first known movable-type system for printing was created in China around 1040 A.D. by Bi...
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...Outline I. Introduction II. History of Lean and Six Sigma III. Lean Sigma IV. Six Sigma V. How Lean and Six Sigma are applied VI. Summary VII. Recommendation VIII. Conclusion Introduction: As our economic future hinges on the ability for organizations to cut cost and improve the quality of their products and services as well as develop new ideas in order to stay competitive, managers today still rely on concepts that stay constant throughout the years, those concepts are Six and Lean Sigma. These concepts are widely used by many organizations as an approach or a process for investigation to achieve better results and improvement in their daily operations, services and products. Throughout this research paper the focus will be centered on the history of Six and Lean Sigma, how both concepts helped revolutionize the fields of quality control and process management, Lean and Six Sigma’s emphasis on collective efforts and teamwork to the applied steps taken. Furthermore, the research paper will provide tables and examples of how both concepts are applied to organizations. History of Lean and Six Sigma: The origins of Six Sigma can be traced as far back as 1777 when Carl Frederick Gauss first introduced the concept as a measurement tool of the normal curve. In the 1920's the word 'sigma' was used by mathematicians and engineers as a symbol for a unit of measurement in product quality variation. By the 1940’s the U.S. Army reached out to a successful...
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...CASE STUDY: MCDONALD’S DENNY ARCHIBEK AND JERRY D. MARSH II WAYLAND BAPTIST UNIVERSITY DECEMBER 19, 2015 Author Note This paper was prepared for Advanced Microcomputer Applications MJTG 5302- SA01, taught by Dr. Nick A. Lockard. Abstract Since the McDonald’s restaurant was founded by the McDonald brothers and bought by Ray Kroc, it has become the quintessential pop icon of American culture and made fast food a staple of the American diet. Their history cannot be disputed as having paved the way with a business model their competitors have followed; because of this their future remains uncertain. Changes in culture, changes in menu items, changes in business practices and just overall change has adversely affected the fast food giant. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the ways McDonald’s has suffered a loss in profits, as well as some of the things McDonald’s is doing to revitalize itself and bring itself back to the forefront of not just American pop culture, but as a globally recognized icon of quality and excellence. It is no secret that McDonald’s has not been doing as well as its competitors within the fast food industry. Ask anyone why and varying answers might be given; the food does not taste the same, the service has drastically gone downhill, the prices are too high, it is more like a coffee shop now, and they stopped serving my favorite sandwich are some of the responses a person might get. Overall, the one constant is...
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...Scientific management (also called Taylorism, the Taylor system, or the Classical Perspective) is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflow processes, improving labor productivity. The core ideas of the theory were developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s, and were first published in his monographs, Shop Management (1905) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911).[1] Taylor believed that decisions based upon tradition and rules of thumb should be replaced by precise procedures developed after careful study of an individual at work. In management literature today, the greatest use of the concept of Taylorism is as a contrast to a new, improved way of doing business. In political and sociological terms, Taylorism can be seen as the division of labour pushed to its logical extreme, with a consequent de-skilling of the worker and dehumanisation of the workplace. Contents [hide] General approach * Developed standard method for performing each job. * selected workers with appropriate abilities for each job. * trained workers in standard method. * supported workers by planning their work and eliminating interruptions. * provided wage incentives to workers for increased output. Contributions * Scientific approach to business management and process improvement * Importance of compensation for performance * Began the careful study of tasks and jobs * Importance of selection and training ...
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