...Which economic system is best suited for handling a crisis of epic proportions (hurricane, flood, blizzard, forest fire, etc.)? Why? When there is a natural disaster, crisis crews such as fire departments, ambulances, police and etc. are usually the primary help to be first on sight to help the general public. The Socialism system seems to offer the best resolution for controlling emergency situations. The administration takes care of compensating the individuals who work there so each person can concentrate on assisting the individuals that are in need of aid. With organizations like the Red Cross being a not for profit organization means that each person is doing what they are supposed to do by seeing after each injured individual’s best interest. Socialism, in its perfect form, would be the best economic system to assist people because it demonstrates to people how to come together during this time of crisis and assist each other in this time of great need. Being familiar with what could happen in your area, the possible hazards that could affect the area in the aftermath and the knowledge of what to do to protect yourself and your family can help you take effective steps to prepare beforehand and aid recovery after the event. To validate why socialism is a better choice, we should look at what is socialism. Socialism is an economic structure based on the proposition that some, if not most, rudimentary businesses such as coal mines and utilities, should be retained...
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...Sichuan Earthquake 2008 Before: 12 May 2008 an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 struck 90km north west of Chengdu, south eastern China: · Sichuan was a predominately rural area but there was a death toll of 70,000 by June 2008 · The earthquake was one of the deadliest and the area was not prepared for the event on the size of the magnitude despite the area has had a long history of tectonic activity · There were between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, within 72 hours of the main quake. Causes: The earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault after a northeast striking thrust. The Longmenshan Fault which sits on the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate was ruptured by the quake. · The two plates collided and caused this giant earthquake. About 1.5 km of surface faulting was observed near Qingchuan - surface cracks and fractures occurred on three mountains in the area, and street cracks were observed in the city itself. · The epicentre was in the mountains of the Eastern Margin of Qing-Tibet Plateau at the northwest margin of the Sichuan Basin. Social Effects: There was 69,185 people who were killed with 18,467 missing and presumed to have died. The number of injured reached was estimated to be 374,171 in the Chengdu-Lixian-Guangyuan area · Over 45.5 million people in 10 provinces and regions were effected with around 15 million being evacuated from homes · 5 million buildings collapsed and 21 million buildings...
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...Psychology in Daily Life Dairy 10/23/2014 Thursday 20:00-21:00 Doing laundry. I had so many clothes to wash. 10/25/2014 Saturday 10:00-11:00 I was volunteering at a consignment warehouse. 10/26/2014 Sunday 12:30-13:30 I was sleeping. A good nap! 10/27/2014 Monday 8:00-9:00 A friend called me. She was upset, telling me that she withdrew from her double major. 10/29/2014 Wednesday 13:00-14:00 I was taking the class of Introduction to Psychology. 10/30/2014 Thursday 18:30-19:30 I was in the Haunted Room in Nugent Hall. Amazing! 10/31/2014 Friday 19:00-20:00 I was having dinner with my friends. Some of them cook really well! 11/01/2014 Saturday 16:00-17:00 My friends and I were on the way from downtown Chicago to the Fashion Outlet. One of my friends was driving, and his GPS navigator gave him a wrong route. My friend’s experience on Oct. 27th reflects her belief perseverance, which means people tend to stick to their initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them. My friend is a smart girl. She entered a very good university and majored in ACCA, a hard major which has a lot of classes and tasks. At the end of her freshman year, she decided to double major in finance, believing that she could succeed in both majors. However, her advisor suggested she not do so, because many ACCA students before her tried to double major but few of them accomplished because of the heavy tasks for ACCA. But she stuck to her decision. A half...
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...gray it makes it more unpleasant. The Gray colour on the painting assists on making it more tragic. The title Apartment tells what’s in the paining directly. The name of the exhibition is self-similar “In mathematics, a self-similar object is exactly or approximately similar to a part of itself” wiki. Most of the paintings in exhibition are similar; they all seem to represent the same time and place which is Beijing after the Sichuan earthquake. Naming the exhibition self-similar is a metaphor; the artist is showing people the pain of different people from different part of the world and delivering the massage that Beijing is one of the places that faced a disaster. So, disasters around the world are the object in this metaphor and Beijing is one of the parts that look similar to the object itself. Looking at the painting in the exhibition makes the person really understand the pain these people went through. After reading about the exhibition and seeing the paintings I remembered some of the earthquakes I saw in news and one of them were Haiti earthquake. I remember seeing the picture in the news of destroyed buildings and the colour that was...
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...“Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors (40)”. I agree to some extent about the statement above and that human factors can affect the impact of an earthquake hazard. A hazard is an object or process that has the potential to cause harm. Ground shaking, ground displacement and flooding are some of the hazards that are produced during an earthquake. In relation to the question above the type and severity of the impact can be affected by physical factors (such as the magnitude and frequency of the quake) as well as human factors (population density and education). I will be discussing the question using the following case studies, Sichuan, Indonesia and L’Aquila. On the 12th May 2008 an earthquake occurred at 2:28pm in Sichuan because the pressure resulting from the Indian plate colliding with the Eurasian was sent along the Longmenshan fault line that runs through Sichuan. The earthquake lasted 120 seconds and reached 7.9 on the Richter scale, one of the deadliest to strike China in recent years and its effects were felt as far away as Taiwan, Thailand and Bangladesh. Although the area has a long history of tectonic activity, it seems it was not prepared for an event of this magnitude. With a population consisting of 87.26m people the death toll stood at nearly 70 thousand along with 374,000 people injured and 5m left homeless. Making this Chinas worst earthquake since 1976 when 240,000 people were killed in Tangshan. Even...
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...“Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors (40)”. I agree to some extent about the statement above and that human factors can affect the impact of an earthquake hazard. A hazard is an object or process that has the potential to cause harm. Ground shaking, ground displacement and flooding are some of the hazards that are produced during an earthquake. In relation to the question above the type and severity of the impact can be affected by physical factors (such as the magnitude and frequency of the quake) as well as human factors (population density and education). I will be discussing the question using the following case studies, Sichuan, Indonesia and L’Aquila. On the 12th May 2008 an earthquake occurred at 2:28pm in Sichuan because the pressure resulting from the Indian plate colliding with the Eurasian was sent along the Longmenshan fault line that runs through Sichuan. The earthquake lasted 120 seconds and reached 7.9 on the Richter scale, one of the deadliest to strike China in recent years and its effects were felt as far away as Taiwan, Thailand and Bangladesh. Although the area has a long history of tectonic activity, it seems it was not prepared for an event of this magnitude. With a population consisting of 87.26m people the death toll stood at nearly 70 thousand along with 374,000 people injured and 5m left homeless. Making this Chinas worst earthquake since 1976 when 240,000 people were killed in Tangshan. Even...
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...they do not leave along with the hurricane or ease up quickly like the earthquake, they stay around leaving many in need of multiple services. Communities are not ready most of the time and crisis intervention models have been created along the way in the aftermath of several disasters. These models include an important element used today when natural disasters strike and it is called Psychological First Aid (PFA). Many professionals and volunteers get together to collaborate and aid the communities in need. This research is focused on the services offered for mental health disturbances, and compare and describe some of the models seen in a disaster area today. Models of Crisis Intervention Natural disasters like hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, fires, and floods are some of the numerous crisis situations many individuals experience every year around the world leaving many off them in need of crisis intervention. Throughout a lifetime people have seen and gone through some of the hardest natural disasters in history and have been left with many physical and emotional disturbances. While the physical disturbances are easy to see, the emotional disturbances are no,t and interventions from mental health professionals are needed to help the survivors cope with the traumatic experiences. The following discussion will include crisis prevention models used in natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes, and these models will be analyzed and compared to search for future...
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...extent can preparedness and planning mitigate the effects of earthquakes? Whittow in 1980 defines a hazard as a “perceived natural event which has the potential to threaten both life and property, and a disaster is the realisation of this hazard.” Earth hazards can therefore include all natural events including earthquakes, volcanoes, flooding and mass movement. Due to the very nature of these events “mitigating” (measures taken to reduce the impacts of a hazard beforehand) can be more successful for hazards such as volcanoes which are arguably more predicable than earthquakes and flash flooding. Despite the advances over the past few decades there is no “magic bullet” (Dr Charles Connor) in earth hazard prediction, and therefore mitigation – and the success remains very much dependent upon a number of factors including money available, and the number of vulnerable individuals. Firstly, earthquakes, which are caused by sudden movements of the earth’s crust which result in violent shaking, liquefaction, and in extreme cases tsunamis, can to an extent be prepared for and mitigated for, and this is where money is being channelled into. Preparation and planning involves the retrofitting of buildings to create “earthquake-resistant” societies, aseismic design features (including concrete and steel frames to provide stability), as well as planning exclusion zones and evacuation routes in the case of an earthquake. Earthquake prediction is very closely linked to preparedness as if an event...
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...techniques that can be replicated in homes and other buildings. Every school must be constructed as a safer school and existing unsafe schools must be retrofitted to be disaster resilient. The Education for All will not be achieved without the construction of safer and more disaster resilient education facilities. At a time when the frequency and magnitude of extreme climatic events is rising, a growing number of the world’s school-going children are increasingly exposed to earthquakes, wildfires, floods, cyclones, landslides and other natural hazards. For example: • The Sichuan earthquake (2008) killed more than 7,000 children in their schools and an estimated 7,000 classrooms were destroyed. • The cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh (2007) destroyed 496 school buildings and damaged 2,110 more. • The Super Typhoon Durian (2006) in the Philippines caused $20m USD damage to school, including 90-100% of school buildings in three cities and 50-60% of school buildings in two other cities. • The earthquake in Pakistan (2005) killed at least 17,000 students in schools...
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... Danger Below: Earthquake Sheleana Hornback August 26, 2012 Kaplan University SC300 Danger Below 2 One of the most frightening and dangerous natural disasters known to man are earthquakes. Why is the threat of an earthquake so frightening? When dealing with other natural disasters like tornados, hurricanes, and flooding man is able to predict and track them: therefore, providing ample warning to people in the affected area. Earthquakes on the other hand are nearly impossible to predict because of how they occur. To understand how an earthquake occurs we must first look at how the earth is made. The earth is composed of four major layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The crust and the top of the mantle make a thin skin covering the surface of the earth. This skin is multiple pieces and is constantly moving, sliding past each other, and bumping into each other. These pieces are called tectonic plates and the edges of these plates are called the plate boundaries. Most earthquakes occur on these faults. The edges of the tectonic plates are rough and they become stuck on the one another while the rest of the plate keeps moving. When the tectonic plate moves far enough the edges unstick and the stored energy is released. The energy radiates outward from the fault in all directions in the form of seismic waves. The seismic waves shake the earth as they move through it causing an earthquake. (Wald, nd) During researching earthquake patterns across the...
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...Prof: Tanya Crail What’s a earthquake? According to the Geology Labs on-line website an earthquake is the sudden release of stored energy, caused by the shifting of tectonic plates. The energy release is a shock wave or seismic wave. The seismic wave is what causes the ground to move or shake, when this occurs we have a earthquake. According to the 2008 United States National Seismic Hazard Maps a lot of the west coast as far south as Hawaii, and north to Alaska has a lot of earthquake activity. The Pacific “Ring of Fire” (named for the large amount of active volcanoes), has a lot of tectonic activity. Tectonic plates are large plates of rock that make up the foundation of the Earth's crust and the shape of the continents. Question: What patterns do you see in the distribution of earthquakes across the continental United States? Answer: Earthquakes occur on fault lines, a location where tectonic plates have collided together and shifted or are sliding past each other. The size of the earthquake depends on how much slide or shift occurred. Most fault lines are located in costal areas, because of the continental and oceanic plates colliding together. Most of the United States earthquakes occurs on the west coast. California, and the entire west coast including Hawaii, and Alaska have the highest hazard rating at 64+, central locations of the United States like Texas, North and South Dakota seem to have the lowest risk of earthquakes, however Missouri, Illinois, Indiana...
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...pumice stones, and rubble. Bimbo’s unusual behavior before the volcanic eruption is not so unusual. Since ancient times, there have been many observations of odd animal behaviors before natural disasters have struck. In fact, in 373 bc, historical records indicate that large populations of rats, snakes, and weasels were spotted fleeing the Greek city of Helice before an earthquake devastated that region. Over the centuries, many historical records have documented odd animal behaviors that have preceded natural disasters, including animals leaving their natural habitats, waking from hibernation, behaving wildly or restlessly, and producing vocal sounds without apparent reasons. In recent years, elephants and other wild animals were seen moving inland toward the forests before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that affected Southeast Asia. Zoo officials also reported that many of the captive animals hid in their enclosed shelters before the tsunami struck. In 2008, thousands of frogs and toads were spotted migrating from their habitats in the Sichuan province of China before an earthquake struck that region. Can animals sense natural disasters? That question has puzzled scientists and meteorologists for years. Although most scientists agree that animals do not have a sixth sense or extrasensory perception, they do agree that the sensory systems of animals are highly acute and therefore can sense changes in the earth and in the atmosphere that humans...
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... The patterns of earthquakes that I observed are pretty much starting from the east to west. There are areas in the east and central coast region that are gray or white in color indicating there is really no threat of earthquakes in that region as compared to the west coast region. As you travel west and the closer you get to California is when the colors begin to get darker and darker. Changing the horizontal speed does not affect the pattern the west still dominates the map with large bodies of different colors. Due to my geological area being in Florida there is not much relative risk for an earthquake. Florida is not affected by earthquakes however our state is known for natural disasters such as hurricanes and tornadoes. As I observe the world and distribution of earthquakes the pattern is very obvious that the earthquakes stay within the same areas along the same costal regions, mainly the Pacific costal region. Looking at the earthquakes patterns around the world is much different than the United States. All the yellow and blue boxes are on top of one another or crossing over in some way, this is why I say that the earthquakes are only in certain areas. I clicked on an earthquake that occurred in New Britain Region of Papua, New Guinea with a magnitude of 5.5 which is not a weak earthquake. No, I would not like to live in one of the red areas on the map, because the red areas are where the strongest earthquakes occur. There will continue to...
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...impact of earthquakes as a natural hazard varies greatly from one place and time of day or year to another. As do the types of hazards, which are classed as either primary or secondary hazards. Primary hazards are created by the direct seismic shaking of an earthquake; this could include liquefaction, slope slipping and tsunamis. These primary hazards can in turn trigger secondary hazards such as floods, fires, disease and damage to infrastructure making them less stable. A number of factors play a part in determining the severity of these hazards. For me the most influential factor is where the tectonic process occurs in relation to the levels of development of that area. HIC's tend to cope better with the hazard of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions than LIC's because they have all the necessary resources to survive the effects of these hazards at their disposal. Such as earthquake proof buildings that are designed to withstand earthquakes by using strong materials such as reinforced concrete or building special foundations that absorb an earthquakes energy e.g. the Bank Tower in Los Angeles, California. Construction laws in some earthquake-prone countries (e.g. Japan, the US and China) have become stricter in recent years – this means that newer buildings are more likely to be able to withstand earthquakes. This is most apparent in Sichuan where a major earthquake in 2008 killed 70,000 people but regulations were toughened and 5 years later in 2013, an earthquake of similar...
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...overwhelming facets of the Earth exist below the surface. It is here that we will find the tectonic plates of the Earth and cause for Earthquakes. An earthquake occurs as the two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another (usgs.gov). Generally a quake will occur without warning, although many times there may be a foreshock (smaller earthquake near epicenter, similar to an aftershock), which is usually mistaken for the Earthquake until the actual higher magnitude quake occurs. These shifts seem to happen without warning, however, upon observation and tracking of geological survey, structures, and pattern, it is possible to decipher the probable location of an earthquake. The United States Geological Survey map is a valuable tool when attempting to decipher whether a particular state is an Earthquake hotspot. Upon review of the Geological survey, one will notice that Pacific coast and the islands in the Pacific Ocean are furthermost susceptible to the quakes. Hazard levels range the low teens to over fifty percent. Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri rest on the New Madrid Fault line; subsequently these are states that share the red zone symbolizing the greatest risk for activity. We will notice that further inland the states experience less hazard until we begin approaching the Southeast states (southern tips of a few Northeastern states). The 2008 Hazard Map leads one to speculate if a fault area within the South, or the offshore faults off the coast of South Carolina would...
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