...The Evolution of Performance Appraisal: The Rise of 360-Degree Feedback Abstract: "[Horses] have always understood a great deal more than they let on. It is difficult to be sat on every day by some creature without forming an opinion of them. On the other hand, it is perfectly possible to sit all day, every day, on top of another creature, and not have the slightest thought about them whatsoever." (Douglas Adams) The chain of command, most commonly defined as the formal line of authority, communication, and responsibility within an organization is a principle used globally to ensure structure and clear assignment of duties and responsibilities to all employees within such aggregation. After all, the chain of command principle has worked for centuries. It is efficient; unity becomes maintained, productivity does not stray, and the role of superior to subordinate goes unchallenged. However, this accepted model within an organization seems to sidestep an essential inquiry in respects to the real value apiece each metaphoric link that ultimately forms the completed command chain - the employee. The question inscribes, is it truly beneficial to an organization that each and every subordinate report to one and only one superior? While the minority surely will remain silent, there have been and there will be many more that will gladly delve into the root of such a seemingly long-withstanding paradox. The corporate America we survive in today can be labeled as...
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...apprisalMeaning of 360 Degree Appraisal An appraisal made by top management, immediate superior, peers, subordinates, self and customers is called 360 Degree Appraisal. Here, the performance of the employee or manager is evaluated by six parties, including himself. So, he gets a feedback of his performance from everyone around him. This method is very reliable because evaluation is done by many different parties. These parties are in the best position to evaluate the employee or manager because they are continuously interacting and working with him. This method is mostly used to evaluate the performance of the employees. However, it is also used to evaluate other qualities such as talents, behaviour, values, ethical standards, tempers, loyalty, etc. 360 degree appraisal was first developed by General Electric (GE), USA in 1992. Today it is used by all major organisations. In India, it is used by Crompton Greaves, Wipro, Infosys, Reliance Industries, etc. Six Parties In 360 Degree Appraisal The six parties involved in 360 degree appraisal are :- 1. Top Management The top management normally evaluates the middle level managers. However, in a small organisation, they also evaluate the performance of the lower level managers and senior employees. 2. Immediate Superior The immediate superior is in a very good position to evaluate the performance of his subordinates. This is because they have direct and accurate information about the work performance of their subordinates...
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...360 degree performance appraisal Definition In the formatted from of 360-degree performance appraisals, the performance of an employee will be assessed based on ideas of many other different people, for example customers, suppliers, peers and direct reports. If the assessed is a manager, his/her staff will be often asked for feedback on how that manager is doing his task. In case of using 360 degree performance appraisal, it is vital that the process be implemented by the manager of Human Resources Department so that the subordinate reviewers (or staff) are made sure that all their assessments on performance are kept anonymous. What are 360 degree measures? • 360 degree measures manners and capacities. • 360 degree improves such skills as listening, planning and goal-setting. • 360 degree concentrates on subjective areas, for example efficiencies of teamwork, character, and leadership. • 360 degree supplies on the way others think about a specific staff. Advantages of 360 degree appraisal • Offer a more comprehensive view towards the performance of employees. • Improve credibility of performance appraisal. • Such colleague’s feedback will help strengthen self-development. • Increases responsibilities of employees to their customers. • The mix of ideas can give a more accurate assessment. • Opinions gathered from lots of staff are sure to be more persuasive. • Not only manager should make assessments on its staff performance but other colleagues should do, too. ...
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...360 Degree Feedback 360 Degree Feedback is a systematic process in which employees obtain highly confidential, an anonymous feedback from the people who work around them. This includes the employee’s manager, peers, and reports. A combination of eight to twelve people fills up an anonymous online feedback form that holds queries with a wide range of workplace competencies. These forms include queries which are measured on a rating scale and ask to provide comments. The person who receives feedback also fills out a self-rating survey which includes the same survey queries that others receive in their forms. Leaders and Managers use 360 feedback surveys to obtain a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses. The 360 feedback system automatically provides the results in a tabulated format which helps the feedback recipient to create a development plan. Individual responses are always combined with responses from other peoples in the same rating category. 360 Feedback is a development tool for people who are not in a management role. A non-manager is not measuring 360 feedbacks since there does not have direct reports, but the same principles are followed. These feedbacks are helpful for non-managers to be more effective in their roles and also help them to understand what areas they should improve on if they want to move into a management role. Companies use the 360 Degree Feedback in two ways. Development Tool: 360 Feedback is used a development tool to help employees...
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...A 360 degree feedback and its implementation 1. Introduction 360 degree feedback, also known as multi-source feedback, was defined by Ward (1997) as "the systematic collection and feedback of performance data on an individual or group derived from a number of the stakeholders on their performance". Different authors view, who propose definitions of the 360 degree feedback process. “Feedback from multiple sources or ‘360 degree feedback’ is a performance appraisal approach that relies on the input of an employee’s superiors, colleagues, subordinates, sometimes customers, suppliers and/or spouses” (Yukl and Lepsinger, 1995). The 360 degree evaluation can help one person be rated from different sides, different people which can give the wider prospective of the employee’s competencies (Shrestha, 2007). It is a process in which someone's performance is assessed and feedback is given by a number of people, who may include their manager, subordinates, colleagues and customers. Assessments take the form of rating against various performance dimensions. 360 degree feedback is a tool that gives managers a clear picture of their performance at workplace. Different opinions are gathered from the manager, their staff and their pair being assessed. All views are grouped together to form the clear picture. To accomplish this opinions are express by completion of a questionnaire incorporating different aspects of expected performance factors. Research conducted by Handy, Devine and Heath...
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...Performance Appraisal Student’s Name University Affiliation Performance Appraisal Introduction Every organization aims at directing all their efforts and resources in ensuring that they meet the goals and the objectives that are set by the organization. The main aim of any organization is making sure that they maximize on their profits and also minimize their cost. To be able to do this, the company must make sure that all the efforts and resources are well oriented to the success of the organization and in making sure that there is a good oversight system in place to help make sure that there are little or no deviations from the organizational goals and objectives. This is why performance appraisal is very important for any organization. Performance appraisal is defined as a system or a method through which the quality of the employees work is gauged to help guide them in to developing their careers and also to help the organization in achieving success in their objectives. Performance appraisal is the process that involves collecting data analyzing it and also recording it to help keep track of individual employees in an organization and also to measure the relative worth of the an employee to an organization. A performance appraisal analyses various aspects of an employees including aspect such as their success, their failures, individual strength as well as weakness, how they manage pressure situations and how well they work under these situations, their suitability...
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...Recommendation 6. References Executive Summary Rebecca Fernando was completed her degree at a prestigious Indian University and worked one year in a Multinational Company. She had just returned to the country and she became the Head of Marketing at the “Global Travel Group”, a leading travel Company in Colombo. The company opened five new branches within the last three months. Hence, Rebecca’s team had numerous challenge and unusually heavy workload. The main objective of the case study is to find, describe and analyze problems effectively. Problems can be found easily in this case study. Problem 01, No proper understanding about Culture & No proper qualification -Marketing depends on customer & customer behavior. Definitely Rebecca should know the culture of Sri Lanka. It helps her to understand the customers & customer behavior in Sri Lanka. I suggest to do an Induction programme for her to understand the culture of Sri Lanka & culture of the company. She is not suitable for the position, Head of marketing. According to her qualifications she suits for the position Assistant marketing manager. Problem 02, Heavy work scheduled & Not enough time limits have given for the Performance Appraisal- According to this case study we can see Rebecca don’t know how to do a performance appraisals. She had completed the 30 performance appraisal forms of the entire Marketing Team within a single day. Marketing manager and HR manager can coordinate...
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...performance appraisals performance appraisals, performanceevaluation and assessment of jobskills, personality and behaviour - andtips for '360 degree feedback' and'360° appraisals' Performance appraisals are essential for the effective managementand evaluation of staff. Appraisals help develop individuals, improveorganizational performance, and feed into business planning. Formalperformance appraisals are generally conducted annually for all staff inthe organization. Each staff member is appraised by their linemanager. (Directors are appraised by the CEO, who is appraised by thechairman or company owners, depending on the size and structure of the organization). Annual performance appraisals enable managementand monitoring of standards, agreeing expectations and objectives,and delegation of responsibilities and tasks. Staff performanceappraisals also establish individual training needs and enableorganizational training needs analysis and planning. Performanceappraisals data feeds into organizational annual pay and gradingreviews, and coincides with the business planning for the next tradingyear. Performance appraisals generally review each individual'sperformance against objectives and standards for the trading year,agreed at the previous appraisal meeting. Performance appraisals arealso essential for career and succession planning. Performanceappraisals are important for staff motivation, attitude and behaviourdevelopment, communicating organizational aims, and fosteringpositive...
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... 1. Will you use one set of performance dimensions for everyone, or will people in different jobs be evaluated on client dimensions? Explain logic? Well there are three major steps in the performance appraisal process: * Identification, * Measurement * Management. The first appraisal is with identification the behaviors necessary for successful performance are determined. The second is measurement involves choosing the appropriate instrument for appraisal and assessing performance. The last step in my opinion one of the most important is management, which is the ultimate goal, is the reinforcing of good performance and the correction of poor performance. Additionally, management by objectives, which involves evaluating performance without a traditional performance appraisal. The client dimensions are the quality of a good dimensional model that is directly proportional to the quality of attributes present inside these dimension tables. The dimension table attributes show up as report label inside the reports for senior management for them to review. I would use performance dimensions are everyone across the board yes it can be difficult to achieve this task at first but with the right organization and management it could be very prosperous for the employee and the organization. 2. How will you determine the specific content of the 360 degree appraisal form? Well the content should be the same within the 360 degree appraisal form regardless of the organization...
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...how to ascertain whether an employee has shown his or her best performance on a given job? the answer is performance appraisal. Employees' assessment can be done by performance appraisal. * Definition of performance appraisal: performance appraisal is an objective assessment of an individual's performance against well defined benchmark. In simple terms, an individual's performance is assessed on the basis of job knowledge, quality and quantity of output, initiative, leadership abilities, supervision, dependability, co-operation, versatility etc and according to that performance appraisal is been given. * Objectives of performance appraisal: General Application | Specific purpose | Developmental uses | Individual's needs | | Performance feedback | | Transfers and job assignments | | Individual's strengths and developmental needs | Administrative decisions | Salary | | Promotion | | Retention & Termination | | Recognition of individual performance | | Identification of poor performance | Organisational Maintenance | Human resource planning | | Determining organisation training needs | | Information for goal identification | | Evaluation of HR systems | Documentation | Criteria for validation research | | Documentation for HR decisions | | Helping to meet legal requirements | * Appraisal Process: Step 1: Objectives of Appraisal: Appraisal focuses on to correct the problems. There are two approaches which...
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...360 Performance Appraisals The Morris Candy Company has decided to use the 360 Degree Performance Appraisal for our employee review method. The 360 degree performance appraisal is an evaluation method where the employee is evaluated by their immediate supervisor, their subordinates, and their peers (C.H., 2000). This method was chosen because it provides the employee with feedback from more than one source, unlike the traditional review method. It was also chosen because it would “provide a broad perspective on an employee’s strengths and developmental needs” (Johnson, 2004). There has been a lot of criticism of this method because of the anonymity of the reviews. Since the reviewers don’t have to be identified there is concern that some employees may provide less than honest reviews either to assist their peers in obtaining better raises or give less than glowing reviews to damage a colleague’s professional reputation (Johnson, 2004) The Morris Candy Company has decided to tailor the review process to make it more effective by eliminating the anonymity. Peer reviewers may choose to identify themselves in the reviews they give. This change will allow for open dialogue between co-workers to better help identify areas where change needs to occur in performance. The ultimate goal is to “treat the appraisal as a tool for growth rather than as a way to quantify performance benchmarks or set compensation levels” (Gallagher, 2008). The evaluation form has been designed to allow the...
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...Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is concerned with determining how well employees are doing their jobs, communicating that information to employees, agreeing on new objectives and establishing a plan for performance improvement. Performance appraisal, by providing a dynamic link to employee recruitment, selection, training and development, career planning, compensation and benefits, safety and health, and industrial relations, is a vital tool for strategy execution. It signals to managers and employees what is really important; it provides ways to measure what is important; it fixes accountability for behaviour and results; and it helps to improve performance. Finally, it’s necessary to defend the organisation against individuals who legally challenge the validity of management decisions relating to promotions, transfers, salary changes and termination. Performance appraisal may be viewed as an overall measure of organisational effectiveness: organisational objectives are met through the effort of individual employees. If employee performance is improved, the organisation will lift its performance. However, it should be noted that some experts do not accept these assumptions. Performance appraisal typically involves measuring how well an individual employee is doing their job against a set of criteria, providing feedback and creating development plan. The performance process generates information that may be used for administrative purposes and/or developmental...
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...HOW DO 360 DEGREE PERFORMANCE REVIEWS AFFECT EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES, EFFECTIVENESS AND PERFORMANCE? DIANE M. ALEXANDER University of Rhode Island Organizational leaders clearly have many choices when selecting performance evaluation and development tools. One tool that has gained popularity and has become a growing trend in Corporate America in recent years is the 360 degree performance review. This popularity is based on the perceptions of organizational leader’s that 360 degree reviews establish a culture for continuous learning and provide more global feedback for employees, which leads to improved performance. According to Human Resource Consultant, William M. Mercer, forty percent of American companies used 360 degree feedback in1995; by 2000 this number had jumped to sixty-five percent. In 2002, 90% of Fortune 500 companies were using a 360 degree performance review process. (Linman, 2006) Conducting performance reviews in general, provides a number of valuable functions for organizations. They allow an organization to: • Translate department/organization’s mission into specific achievable goals • Manage performance rather than react to it • Reduce overlap of job duties and ineffective, inefficient use of employee skills • Provide written acknowledgment of completed work • Gain new information and ideas from staff • Discuss skill and career development • Protect organization from unfounded charges of discrimination • Reduce stress for the supervisor -managing rather than...
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...people who work in the organization. Human Resource Management can also be performed by line managers.” Human Resource Management is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training. Human Resource Management is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplace culture and environment. Effective HRM enables employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organization's goals and objectives. (Source: http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_management.htm) As per the definition and also the explanation given above with regards to the Human Resource Management, there are many fundamentals in a given section as Human resource Management. The fundamentals consists would consist of Compensation & benefits, Human Resource Planning, Training & Development and also Performance appraisal. In this assignment, the topic of discussion will be based solely on the performance appraisal. The study done will be base on the fairness of the performance appraisal in the company. The company which the case study will be conducted will be on Westports Malaysia Sdn Bhd. In the following topic of discussion, the background of the company will be further elaborate to under the fundamentals of the...
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...PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS Performance appraisals are very important in ensuring the success of a company. They offer information and feedback that can be used to improve the performance of employees and the operations of a company. An effective performance appraisal can assess the current abilities, skills, and knowledge of an employee, and can show needed areas of improvement. The performance appraisal results can have a huge impact on the role of the human resource department in areas such as planning, training, development programs, career development, compensation, staffing processes, job designs, employee satisfaction, and other challenges. As well as encouraging more effective decisions regarding those areas. It is critical that the performance appraisal is valid, and that it can identify employees that need more training and what types of training are necessary. It is important to note that for an appraisal to remain effective, it is necessary to re-evaluate the appraisal biannually and update it if necessary. The 360-degree performance appraisal is most certainly the method I would use for my organization. This type of performance appraisal uses a combination of feedback from all areas including self, peer, supervisors, and subordinates. There is definitely a trend towards a different style of managing which involves teamwork and participative management. The old managing style of one “boss” is becoming more and more obsolete in my organization. There remains...
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