Whistle Blower
Whistle blowing can generally define as a process rather than an event (Near and Miceli, 2002). Whistleblower give the information of scam or the dishonest act of the company or other employer or other parties as well as the government. Whistleblower is a person or the entity making a protected act for illegal or inappropriate act. Whistleblower can be employees, customers or the general public. For an organization it happens to have an internal or external whistleblower. Most of the whistleblower is an internal whistleblower, who only reports the misconduct within the organization. However, an external whistleblower reports the misconduct out of the organization which includes the lawyers, the media, or the different agencies.
The importance of an existence whistle blower especially in an organization. It helps to perform uncommon tasks likely as payment are insufficient to support financially of the program and services that provided by the Americans. For instance, Healthcare, the Pharmaceutical industry and Medicare. Moreover, the government needs the help of whistle blower due to the government has insufficient of time, resources and most of the fraudulent claims made against it every year. Yet, whistle blower has made a part of an implication of committing to a fighting fraud. If a person choose to reports the fraud you have witnesses, it will have a guide to every step of the way (Quitam-lawyer.com, 2014)
** In this bleak institutional context, whistle blowing would seem to be an act of significant moral courage. Indeed, this analysis encourage that if whistle blowing is dependent only on individual conscientiousness or self-sacrifice in the face of bureaucratic unconcern or retribution, then such acts will remain rare. It argues that a person’s integrity and moral responsibility must be shaped and supported by relevant communities and associations that provide a context for socially responsible behavior and professional ethics. This communitarian ethic might then impact how individuals perceive their moral responsibilities and support a conception of whistle blowing, not as an act of disloyalty, but as an act of virtue.

Description
Whistle blower which mean by a person who send the misconduct, dishonest act or illegal activities that happens in the organization. An alleged misconduct may be classified in a few ways. For example, the violation of a law, rules and regulations or a direct threat towards the public interest such as fraud, health and safety and corruption. Whistle blowing is a person who informs on a person or an organization about the unlawful or immoral activities. Whistle blower categories into two types which are external whistle blower and external blower. Most of the whistle blowers are the internal whistle blowers. An internal whistle blower is a person who informs to a fellow employees or a superior within their company regarded as engaging in an unlawful, immoral acts or the misconduct. However, for the external whistle blower, they reports the misconduct to outside persons or the entities. In these case they may also reports the misconduct to the lawyers, the media, law enforcement, the watch dog agencies or the other local, state, or federal agencies. For example, one of the famous whistle blower Jeffrey Wigand, who exposed the Big Tobacco scandal, revealing that executives of the companies knew that cigarettes were addictive and yet they approved the addition of carcinogenic ingredients to the cigarettes. Wigand’s story was the basis for the 1999 movie The Insider. After being a whistle blower, they might have to faces the consequences, for example they may end up with conflicts and boycott by others. As whistle blowing has become as increasingly recognized and agreed to practice and its value to the public more respected, then legislation has been introduced originally to protect the whistle blower and more recent the legislation has been fine tuned to allow a form a result to be paid out in certain cases.

In the perception of an ethical issue in the act of whistle blowing which may have an effect of a conflict of interest between an individual, association and societal spheres. For public perception in the view of whistle blower gain a highly agreeableness with the value of reporting wrong doing reporting falsely endorse of good organizational governance, external perspective that can gain acceptance and point of view. In the point of view, when a business target is achieve whistle blowing can be view in a positive or as delicately the preserve of organizational or community leader. According to (Csrwire.com, 2014) in 2007 a survey is conducted by the US democracy corps of 1,014 voters. Throughout the survey, whistle blower has gain a high voters of 70 percent who supports the whistle blower protections where another 40 percent stated that they would be much likely to vote for a congress.
In the point of personal perception view, whistle blower is eventually ragged between loyalty to their employee and their moral commitment to the law and society. It could be the human nature to display loyalty to a bureaucratic organization due to the composed of different people. As the whistle blower is to ensure that their motivation are active and that they are confidence in the system and they should not doubt to pass on the information so that to help to create a comfortable working environment for their subordinates.
Towards the perception of the media, whistle blowers and the media enjoyed a somewhat symbiotic relationship. Although the motivation may diverge, they share the objectives of revealing wrongdoing and encouraging changes in systems that aren’t working in the interests of those they are supposed to protect. Recently there are high profiles cases, such as the care homes scandal in the UK are brilliant examples of individuals reporting for altruistic reasons. Is a whistle blower appears to look for a soapbox for public attention or engineering an act of retaliation, it is of paramount importance that the investigate body in question to make sure that the case is performing in the correct way.
Based on the business perception, even if an organization has a whistle blowing hotline in place it should not be complacent when it comes to its usage and communication. If a company does not receive many whistle blowing information, it should not presume that no news is good news. Therefore, if companies don’t use the composed data from their reports in a progressive manner by using the analyzing trends, investigation and resolution ways. It may against the benefits of the service considerably. Businesses have a responsibility to the public to act on whistle blowing intelligence or risk adverse consequences.

They are additionally responsible to the governing bodies of their sector, such as the Financial Services Authority, the Health and Safety Executive and, of course the Ministry of Justice. Where there is environmental anxiety arising from a whistle blowing report, these too must be addressed with the correct authorities. It may seem obvious as an employee of a market-leading hotline provider for whistleblowers to consider in the ethics of whistle blowing, but personal politics aside, it is safe to say that individual ethics are born of a culture of ethics (Csrwire.com, 2014) For the ethics of whistle blowing, that the act of whistle blowing stem from suitable moral motive of avoiding unnecessary destruction to others. Besides that, the whistleblower uses all available internal procedures for solving the problematic behavior before public disclosure, although special circumstances may prevent this. In another point of view, the whistleblower have proved that would convince a reasonable person. Not only that, the whistleblower may involve in serious danger that can result from the violation. Next, the whistleblower acts in agreement with his or her responsibilities for avoiding or exposing moral violations. Indeed, the whistleblower’s action have some reasonable chance that leads to success.

Causes and Effects
Whistleblowers come forward openly when something illegal or unethical is going on in their organizations after they do not receive a satisfy reply internally when communicating concern. Whistle blowers are often get hated in their companies and face the dilemma of protecting their employer or stepping forward when something inappropriate is going on. Whistleblowers against Fraud has partnered with dozens of clients. While their circumstances vary, their common principles are quite clear.
There are a few causes that causing the whistleblower. Firstly, the Commitment to Justice. A clear sense of right and wrong, led our clients to becoming whistleblowers. Most of our clients have tried to remedy the scam they exposed within their own company. Partnering with Whistleblowers against Fraud or scam gives them the power to make a difference, the kind of difference they tried to make when they first brought the fraud to their boss so that their boss notice it, but unfortunately it were ignored.
Besides that, Patriotism can be considered as the causes. A country that allows companies to make the target market on children for drugs never approved for their use, sends our troops to war only to provide them a not working weapons or takes advantage of the elderly by feeding them a large amounts of drugs they don’t need, is not a country in which we or our clients choose to live. The way a country treats its fellow citizens, the way we treat each other, matters. By stepping forward and reporting fraud, our clients make a difference, exercising one of the fundamental principles upon which our country is founded .
In another point of view, Willingness to Act is one of the causes towards the whistleblower. Becoming a whistleblower is about far more than money. The sheer size of the frauds that the clients looking for are to remedy means that many others know about the bad behavior, and are complicit. The clients don’t just go along with the crowd, when they know the crowd is wrong. By being a whistleblower, the clients are looking after the preserving of the assets and the opportunities that the clients are in common in. Ignoring the fraud they exposed simply isn’t an option for our clients (Whistle Blowers against Fraud, 2014).
**More importantly, whistle blowing can protect the organization's clients. For example, if a hospital includes number of negligent staff members, other more ethically inclined employees would need to bring such issues to the hospital's attention .protecting them from possible lawsuits, or severe mishaps resulting in a patient's demise.
Famous whistleblowers such as Sherron Watkins of Enron. . She is the main whistle blower in the Enron’s case as she sends the anonymous memo to Kenneth Lay, the CEO of the company. She have been hailed as brave souls who aware the public to corruption and wants to protect colleagues from an unexpected downfall of a company. However, the corporate environment often values loyalty so highly that people who dare to speak up about such problems suffer a number of personal, professional and financial turmoil. These consequences must be expected and prepared for when decided to become a whistle blower.
One of the consequences that a whistle blower might face is Job Loss. In U.S. states with the employment law which they may fired someone for any reason that isn't an illegal one. This means that a whistle blowing employee may be terminated for nearly any other reason. If laws do not exist in that place to specifically protect whistleblowers, an employee may not have strong legal recourse against the termination. Additionally, an employee may hold after event may experience difficulty in future promotions or could face demotion.
Besides that, Alienation is one of the consequences as well. Based on this , after the whistle has been blown, employees may continue their careers with the same organization but face awkward social surroundings and may affect the relationship between the colleagues. Even after the problem is settled, whistleblowers may be given less responsibility or access to company information and colleagues may feel disinclined to cooperate with them or share any negative news with the whistleblower.

In the different perception, Litigation is on of the consequences. The government employees and workers in certain companies and different places are protected from job loss, slander lawsuits and other litigation problems. However, in the aftermath of reporting corruption or unsuitable activities that happens in the corporate environment, an employee may be exposed to lawsuits related to privacy agreements or other part of employee contracts. If the company fires the employee, a legal conflict may also ensue to regain employment.

However, Damage to Employer is the negative consequences that a whistleblower needs to face. Whistle blowing often causes financial turmoil and public relations problems for the employer. As in the Enron scandal when employees' stock options became endangered, whistle blowing may ultimately verify advantageous for the individual and her colleagues. However, potential drawbacks like profit loss and lowered stock values can negatively impact the whistleblower and other employees financially and professionally. Weighing the moral issues and long-term consequences of speaking up are often at chances with what seems best for the company at the time (Bland, 2014).
In a different perception, Challenges Trust can be the consequences of being a whistle blower. In this case whistle blowing may lead to the lack of trust. If the employees are feeling uncomfortable with the activities going on in their department or organization, the companies typically prefer that they use the internal communication systems. This gives the company a chance to keep an eye on itself internally before the employee decides to go elsewhere. It will become more and more challenging among employees if trust breakdowns between the managers and the employees. They will become more tension and the effective working relationship will be more challenging.
Moreover, the negative consequences a whistle blower may face may be the Retaliation. Whistle blowers may face hostility and hatred from superiors and colleagues. The federal government has ramped up legal protection for whistle blowers. Still, a whistle blower may get treated like a "rat" or "snitch." This culture of retaliation creates a hostile workplace for the whistle blower and distracts employees from their tasks (Loftus, 2014)
Not only that, Broken Chain of Command is the consequences as well. Based on this issue whistle blowing may take place because the employee feels like his supervisor or other company leaders do not take his message seriously. Other whistles blowers by pass the chain of command because they are afraid of the consequences that they going against the company. The risk if employees regularly ignore the chain of command in communicating issues or concerns is that it negatively affect this important system of management and authority. Company leaders need to create a culture which may encourages employees to communicate concerns internally to avoid potential degradation of respect for management.
Besides, Organizational Repercussions may be one of the consequences. For this point of view it may obviously proved when whistle blowing behavior can bring legal or market-related consequences for the organization. Of course, if the organization and its leaders consciously contribute in or endorse illegal or unethical activities, they might expect to face fallout if word gets out. If the company faces legal claims or public backlash the employees will typically affected if the employees do not contribute or have no awareness of in appropriate activities (Small Business - Chron.com, 2014).
*These days a more fortunate and favorable climate for whistle blowing is presented. The advantages can be freedom of information, honesty, justice, fairness and equality. If lives can be saved it is surely the right thing to do. Consumer and employee health can be protected. For example. In 1920’s the case of asbestos manufacturing, which directly related to lung disease was actively suppressed by company officials for fifty years .Internal whistle blowing is appealing to superiors inside the organization and you may be seen as a savior. Green business is big business these days and a selling point. Increasing communication is usually a positive if it raises the standards. Employees will feel more comfortable at work if they are free to raise their concerns. Modern day organizations often have clear whistle blowing policies, accessible to everyone in order to abide by the law

Besides that, you may be seen as a grass or snitch, face reprisals, hostility, alienation and victimization at work and be more closely supervised as a result. Those were the days when they expected to be loyal or be fired. The lack of protection meant problems were usually concealed rather than solved. External whistle blowing is going public and one famous example when somebody should have is Firestone Tires in 1972. Warnings internally were ignored about a faulty tire, which will caused resulted in death and serious injury with blowouts. This could have been avoided (Loftus, 2014)
**Comprehending the public character of whistle blowing is crucial to appreciating the risks associated with the action. When whistle blowing is interpreted as I have defined it, the action requires moral courage. Malcontents who file frivolous lawsuits or draw attention to themselves in public media are not the focus of this article. Those scattered individuals undermine the courageous nurses who risk so much to honor their Code of Ethics and alert someone to wrongdoing and neglect within a health care organization. In the case of Barry Adams, 21 individuals came forward in the suit to attest to his integrity and protest his termination (Fletcher et al,, 1998).
**The list of negative consequences to whistle blowing seems endless by the broken promises to fix the problem, disillusionment, isolation, humiliation, formation of an "anti you" group, loss of job, questioning of the whistleblower's mental health, vindictive tactics to make the individual's work more difficult or insignificant, assassination of character, formal reprimand, and difficult court proceedings (Ahern & McDonald, 2002; Brodie, 1998; Fletcher et al., 1998; Wilmot, 2000). As Barry Adams learned, blowing the whistle can be a life-altering incident. Even though Mr. Adams lost his job, he must have felt a sense of achievement for speaking out about patient safety issues.