...Index Page No. 1.0 Overview 2 2.0 The Establishment of the Euro Zone and the introduction of the Euro 2 3.0 Key Causes of the European Financial and Economic Crises 3 4.0 The Start and Progression of the European Debt Crisis 5 5.1 Greece 6 5.2 Portugal 6 5.3 Italy 7 5.4 Spain 7 5.5 Ireland 8 5.6 Iceland 9 5.0 Measures Taken (so far) to Combat the Debt Crisis (European Level) 10 6.7 European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). 10 6.8 European Financial Stabilization Mechanism (EFSM). 10 6.9 ECB interventions. 10 6.10 Brussels Agreement. 11 6.0 Implications of the European Debt Crisis: For the European Union 12 7.0 Implications of the European Debt Crisis: For the Global Economy 13 8.0 Implications of the European Debt Crisis: For Global Politics 14 9.0 Implications of the European Debt Crisis: For Pakistan 15 10.0 Implications of the European Debt Crisis: For the Welfare State 16 11.0 Solutions for the European Debt Crisis 16 12.11 Eurobonds. 16 12.12 Restructuring of Eurozone. 18 1.0 Overview: With a nominal GDP of $16,242 Billion in 2010 (20% of global GDP), the European monetary union is not only the world’s largest economic block, but also the foremost integrated economic and political association of nations in history...
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...and to promote fair, transparent, efficient and integrated financial markets. • Substantial ascending evolution of Romanian capital market since 2004 helped by the government opening it for competition. • No limit of foreign participation in commercial companies (up to 100% ownership in Romania), full repatriation of capital and profit, equal treatment of foreign and domestic investors. Economic • Macroeconomic indicators (GDP, inflation rate, unemployment rate, etc.) registered in the past have not reached a stable point comparing it with other E.U. countries (with a big difference). The process of leveling with them could potentially take a long period of time. • Dependence on foreign capital is growing. • Growing interest rate for credits. Depreciation of local currency directly affects budget of companies and households because debt is dominated by foreign currency. • Last year the main stock...
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...Citation: 18 Duke J. Comp. & Int'l L. 151 2007-2008 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org) Thu Oct 17 14:15:18 2013 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: https://www.copyright.com/ccc/basicSearch.do? &operation=go&searchType=0 &lastSearch=simple&all=on&titleOrStdNo=1053-6736 EXCHANGE CONSOLIDATION AND MODELS OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES REGULATION Bo HARVEY* INTRODUCTION In recent years, globalization and a growing demand for capital have increased competition within the capital markets for the business of issuers and investors.! This has led stock and derivatives exchanges to change their business models from mutual business entities, run for the benefit of their members, to demutualized corporations, run for the benefit of shareholders Consequently, as for-profit corporations, exchanges have looked to position themselves more competitively in an internationalized securities market. Part of such positioning has included increasing exchange alliances and acquisitions on a global scale. This is highlighted by the recent merger between the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Euronext (the new entity to be known as NYSE-Euronext). With financial markets...
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...operates in four segments: U.S. Iron Ore, Eastern Canadian Iron Ore, North American Coal and Asia Pacific Iron Ore. In the United States, it operates five iron ore mines in Michigan and Minnesota, five metallurgical coal mines located in West Virginia and Alabama and one thermal coal mine located in West Virginia. It also operates two iron ore mines in Eastern Canada that primarily provide iron ore to the seaborne market for Asian steel producers (NYSE Euronext). As part of their growth strategy and due to its largely increased presence in the international market, CLF decided to “take advantage” of cross-border listing. On March 11, 2009 the company announced its intend to list its common shares on NYSE Euronext Paris. On March 31 that same year, European regulators approved the listing and the company started trading its shares in April 6, 2009. The company’s objective was to increase exposure for common shares, gain global recognition, promote additional...
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...operates in four segments: U.S. Iron Ore, Eastern Canadian Iron Ore, North American Coal and Asia Pacific Iron Ore. In the United States, it operates five iron ore mines in Michigan and Minnesota, five metallurgical coal mines located in West Virginia and Alabama and one thermal coal mine located in West Virginia. It also operates two iron ore mines in Eastern Canada that primarily provide iron ore to the seaborne market for Asian steel producers (NYSE Euronext). As part of their growth strategy and due to its largely increased presence in the international market, CLF decided to “take advantage” of cross-border listing. On March 11, 2009 the company announced its intend to list its common shares on NYSE Euronext Paris. On March 31 that same year, European regulators approved the listing and the company started trading its shares in April 6, 2009. The company’s objective was to increase exposure for common shares, gain global recognition, promote additional...
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...This essay establish the cause and effect relationship between the climatic change and human activity .It also gives the insight that global warming is not only caused by business activity but individuals are also responsible for it. It also outline the individuals responsibility towards saving the earth from global warming. GLOBAL WARMING IS NOT CAUSED BY BUSINESS ACTIVITY ʻ Global warming is too serious for the world any longer to ignore its danger or split into opposing factions on it. ʼ These are the golden words which are spoken by TONY BLAIR in one of his speech dated on Sept 27, 2005. (Blair,2005 ) Global warming means increase in the average temperature of the earth which in turn causes change in climate. (BBC, 2008)The Earth’s atmosphere is covered with a blanket of green house gases (carbon dioxide, methane , water vapour, nitrous oxide and CFC ) .The blanket filters the sun light (UVB radiations ) . When the concentration of these gases increases in the blanket, the temperature also rises. A warmer earth may leads to melting of glaciers, rise in the sea level, and a wide impact on living beings. India‘s annual emission of carbon dioxide is 1.34billion tones. (Filter, Ringward,2008 ) Business activities refer to those economic activities which are connected with production, purchase, sale of goods and services with the main objective of earning profit. Business activities are partially responsible for global warming. Energy is required for heating,...
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...Demographics Consumption and Expenditure Emerging Trends Conclusion Key Resources Executive Summary With a population of 9.9 million, Hungary is a small but open market that is highly engaged in international trade. Strategically located at the heart of the Central European region, Hungary joined the European Union (E.U.) in 2004. While the 2008 economic downturn negatively affected Hungary's economy, exports helped the country recover in 2010 and 2011. Although not part of the euro zone, Hungary is nevertheless affected by the economic challenges in the region, and began negotiations with the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for a financial assistance package in July 2012 (Economic Intelligence Unit [EIU], 2012a). In 2011, agri-food and seafood trade between Canada and Hungary totalled over C$16.2 million. In the same year, Canadian exports to Hungary amounted to C$5.8 million, up from C$4.7 million in 2010, while imports from Hungary amounted to C$10.4 million (Statistics Canada, 2012). Hungarian consumers have developed a strong penchant for high-quality and convenience-oriented food products in recent years, a result of the country's increasing urban/suburban population and corresponding busier lifestyles. This has fuelled demand for fast food, frozen and chilled processed food, and ready-made meals. However, greater health awareness has also sparked interest in health and wellness, including fish and seafood, organic, and fortified/functional...
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...Research proposal of Project report on “Wealth management” Company: Ing Vysya bank ltd. * Objectives of Research 1. To study banking products and services 2. To study Wealth Management of ING Vysya Bank Ltd. 3. To propose different products for different kinds of customers as per their demographic characteristics. 4. To prepare a risk profile of customers. 5. To participate in promotional activities organise by bank. 6. To analyze whether Indian economic development is creating a broad and competitive wealth management market in India. 7. To discuss the factors that have acted as facilitators and obstructions for the growth of wealth management market in India. 8. From the above three objectives, to derive the potentiality and the future prospect of the wealth management industry in India. * Research Design During the tenure of the internship we are going to use Descriptive type of research design. Descriptive Research, also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, where, and how…. Descriptive Research deals with everything that can be counted and studied. The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations. Often the best approach, prior to write descriptive research, is to conduct a survey investigation. 1. What: I am going to meet existing customer...
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...rapidly growing industries in the world. Software industry is one of the essential components of IT industry with global market of US $ 3,749 billion in 2014. It is still largely dependent on human resources and some of the developing countries are taking advantage of this opportunity. The present size of software industry in Bangladesh is very small. Only a few firms are involved in export of software and data entry services, and the total volume of revenue generated is negligible. We have identified the major problems which are impeding the growth of software industry and have made recommendations for their solution. Page | 2 List of acronyms ADB – Asian Development Bank BCC - Bangladesh Computer Council EPB - Export Promotion Bureau E.U – European Union EC – European Community GOB – Government of Bangladesh ITV - Information Technology Village NRB- Non-Resident Bangladeshis SEI - Software Engineering Institute UNDP – United Nations Development Program WB - World Bank WTO – World Trade Organization Table of Contents Page | 3 Page Letter of Transmittal ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii List of acronyms iv Table of Contents 05 Chapter 1. . INTRODUCTION 06 Chapter 2. . SOFTWARE INDUSTRY AND ITS CURRENT STATUS IN BANGLADESH 07 (Data and facts) 2.1 Background 2.2 Market Size 2.3 Past Initiatives 2.4 Export Performance 2.5 Bangladesh’s Strengths Chapter 3. IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS AND BARRIERS 11 3.1 Fiscal 3.2 Human Resources Development 3.3 Infrastructure 3.4...
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...services relatively low. Keywords: Environment analysis, Competitive Forces, Competitiveness Porter’s Five Forces, Sweet Corn, Agribusiness 1. Introduction Sweet corn is a major economic agronomy in Thailand. There are large amounts of consumption and utilization of sweet corn each day. The sweet corn is a perennial plant providing greater values to fresh markets and industrial factories. Recently, sweet corn is one of the most popular crops; the 2011 Thai Food Processors’ Association report revealed that there were 29 factories of sweet corn manufacturers, and 64,000 hectares of plantation areas, and more than 35,000 farmers involved. Producing 544,000 tons of sweet corn, Thailand ranks third worldwide, with a 190 million USD increase from the year 2010, and an export value of 170.26millionUSD. From January to August 2012 exports value 94.67 million USD. The top 5 import...
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...Product Team Cialis (Validus): Getting Ready to Market Christopher Cashen – 5545586 Date: Monday 18th January 2010 MG511 Strategic Marketing Management Assignment Submission Student Name: Christopher Brendan Cashen – 55455863 MMK1 - MBS in Marketing Cialis (Validus) Case Study Programme: Project Title: Module code: MG511 Lecturer: Project Due Date: Ms. Joanne Lynch 18-Jan-2010 Declaration I the undersigned declare that the project material, which I now submit, is my own work. Any assistance received by way of borrowing from the work of others has been cited and acknowledged within the work. I make this declaration in the knowledge that a breach of the rules pertaining to project submission may carry serious consequences. I am aware that the project will not be accepted unless this form has been handed in along with the project. Signed:_____________________ 2 Table of Contents Introduction – Page:4 External Marketing Audit – Page: The Market – Page: 6-11 Competition – Page: 11 - 14 Internal Marketing Audit – Page: 14 Strategic Issues Analysis – Page: 14 - 21 SWOT Analysis – Page: 21-24 Marketing Objectives – Page: 24 -25 Marketing Mix Decisions – Page: 25 - 29 Organisation and Implementation – Page: 29 -31 Control – Page: 31 -32 Bibliography : 33- 34 4- 6 3 Introduction Through extensive External and Internal analysis, the formulation for the best fit strategy has been developed and refined to suit the resources, culture and infrastructure...
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...Athens Metro can be certainly considered as a Mega-Project. It is a high cost infrastructure project, it took many years to develop and build, it involved many public and private stakeholders and it changed the life of many Athenians and the public transportation network of Athens. Furthermore, around some metro stations the urban weave infrastructure transformed from its previous condition Public transportation in Athens Athens is the capital of Greece and the largest city in the country. According to preliminary results of the 2011 census, its population is 3,737,550; however it is believed that more than 4 million people live in the Greek capital. As in every large city, the people of Athens use a wide public transportation network for their daily activities. The company responsible for the public transportation network is OASA S.A. and is exclusively owned by the Greek State. This company is divided into two subsidiary groups depending on the mode of transport (road and rail). On one hand there is OSY S.A., the company responsible for the road transportation means; and on the other hand, STASY S.A. is the company responsible for the rail transportation including Athens Metro. Brief History of Athens railways Line 1 (Piraeus-Kifissia) During the reign of King George I, in 1869, British entrepreneurs built the Athens-Piraeus line, which operated by locomotives. Until 1976, when the company was bought by the Greek State, the line was electrified and extended...
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...Just 20 years ago, Russia and the energy-rich countries of Central Asia, such as Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus, were all united, as parts of the Soviet Union. Moscow would have had unfettered access to their oil and gas reserves. But the Central Asian states realise one of their greatest strategic strengths as independent countries is playing off the big global powers now scrambling to buy their precious energy supplies. So, Moscow now finds itself in fierce competition with the big players: China, the US and Europe. "Russia's overall position in Central Asia is shrinking," says Mikhail Kroutikhin, editor-in-chief of the Russian Energy Weekly. "Russia is in retreat and the Chinese are jumping on the big opportunities." New 'Great Game'? Rivalry in the region is often compared with the 19th Century British-Russian imperial rivalry nicknamed the "Great Game". China's president officially opened the Turkmenistan-China gas pipeline The past year has seen some key moments in the new energy "Great Game" in Central Asia, with the first pipelines being commissioned that take oil and gas east to China, instead of north and west. From Kazakhstan, 200,000 barrels of oil are now being pumped every day across the border into the western Chinese province of Xinjiang, and there are plans to double this pipeline's capacity. From Turkmenistan, a pipeline carrying gas to China via Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan was opened last December by...
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...CHECKLIST OF KEY FIGURES Volume II For Exercises and Problems in Kimmel, Weygandt, and Kieso Accounting, Tools for Business Decision Making, Third Edition Chapter 14 Exercises 14-2 (a) DM 5, 10. (b) DL 1, 6. 14-4 (a) $166,350; (c) $72,140. 14-5 (a) 3, 7; (c) 1, 2, 4, 9, 10. 14-7 (a) $35,100. 14-8 (a) CGM $303,500. 14-9 Total manfg. costs $381,000. 14-10 (a) $82,150; (c) $36,225; (e) $242,500. (g) $21,700; (i) $267,000. 14-11 (b) $17,000; (d) $60,000; (f) $225,000; (h) $63,000. 14-12 (a) $62,500; (b) $27,100. 14-13 (a) $17,300. 14-14 CGM $517,300. 14-15 (a) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16. (b) 4, 8, 10, 11, 12. 14-16 (a) $124,800; (b) $26,100. 14-17 (a) RM $3,150; FG $9,315; CGS $27,945. Problems P14-1A (a) DM $75,000; DL $43,000; MO $18,100; PC $22,100. P14-2A (a) DM $96,200; DL $78,000; MO $17,050; PC $8,500. P14-3A (a) $20,600. (e) $7,400. (h) $7,000. (b) CGM $17,000. P14-4A (a) Cost of goods manufactured $367,910. (b) Gross profit $181,790. (c) Total current assets $213,100. P14-5A (a) Cost of goods manufactured $572,200. (b) Net income $9,000. P14-6A (b) CGM $657,300. (c) NI $87,600; total assets $735,100. P14-1B (a) DM $20,000; DL $44,000; MO $17,100; PC $11,700. P14-2B (a) DM $46,000; DL $52,000; MO $13,350; PC $6,000. P14-3B (a) $17,300. (e) $4,900. (k) $21,500. (b) CGM $15,800. P14-4B (a) CGM $299,900. (b) Gross profit $165,400. (c) Total current assets $185,000. P14-5B...
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...Latvia: Navigating the Strait of Messina | | Introduction This report indicates the history of Latvia country and the transition period of independency and the shifting to market economy. The country growth was very fast until 2008. In December 2008, facing the possibility of financial collapse and a currency crisis, they asked for a rescue and they received a $10.5 billion package funded by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, EU, and several countries in the region. After that, it talks about the possibility that could help Latvia to restore a sustainable growth. Which are either Devalue the national currency or maintain the peg and attempt an “internal devaluation”. Executive Summary 1. To study economic adjustment under a fixed exchange rate system 1. Explore the meaning of a "sudden stop" in capital flows and causes of Latvia's economic boom and busts. 2. Assess the tradeoffs involved in internal and external devaluation in the Eurozone. 3. Consider historical, political, economic, and other factors that influenced Latvia's policy decisions and their outcomes. 4. Predict the long-term impact of Latvia's policy decisions during the crisis. Contents Introduction 1 Executive Summary 2 Analysis 4 Analysis 1) Historical, political, economic, and other factors that influenced Latvia's policy decisions and their outcomes (Learning objective# 5) | 2) Problems and the crisis and its causes...
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