...Case D : Mobile Commerce 1. What is the '8-second rule' of the Internet and why is it important to m-commerce technology? The 8-second rule is about the performance of an internet device. According this rule, an internet device must take less than 8 seconds to load. One of the major preocupations of consumers is the speed of internet access since its development. If an internet device takes more than 8 seconds to be loaded, the consumer is likely to do something else. The aim of this rule is to show that consumers want to have access to the information faster as possible. This 8-seconds rule is no longer very relevant for internet since the numerous innovations of the latest years but it is for internet on mobile phones. The 8-seconds rule is essential for the m-commerce because one of the major concern of the consumers is to have a quick access to the information and they don’t want to wait longer on a mobile phone than on a computer. In order to garantee the growth of the m-commerce, the lack of differences between computers and mobile phones is essential. The speed of access is a key point for the development of the m-commerce, consumers feel vulnerables when they are waiting, especially during a money transaction. Even if the 8-seconds rule is respected, the internet on mobile phones is still to slow to be really competitive with a classic internet access on desktop and with the current technologies it can only go worst. The fact is that the success of internet...
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...Q1 - What is the 8 seconds rule of Internet and why is it so important for m-commerce technology? The 8-second rule is an old rule of the Internet; it is the rough unit of measure of the performance of a web server. This rule was implemented when Internet was taking its first steps. It indeed specified that if the loading time of a web page exceeded eight seconds, Internet users would not wait any longer. Yet the fact remains that this rule no longer applies as a much higher percentage of Internet users have reliable Internet connections, which allow them to upload almost all websites in less than a second. M-commerce is the ability to conduct a transaction while using a mobile device. There are two frequent types of usage of the m-commerce, a mobile user can buy something online from his mobile web connection, or he can use his mobile device as a way of physical payment in a shop (which thus replaces money, checks or credit card). There rules are truly fundamentals when talking about making m-commerce technology a reality: reliability, security and speed. In fact speed is a critical need for the development of m-commerce, one will not use its mobile phone to pay for something if it takes longer than using a regular money payment. Furthermore, today everyone expect us to be very fast, and we live much faster than former generations used to, and this has only been possible through technological improvement. This boils down to the fact that a new technology must feature speed...
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...CASE C – M-COMMERCE: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Q1 - What is the 8 seconds rule of Internet and why is it so important for m-commerce technology? The 8-second rule is an old rule of the Internet; it is the rough unit of measure of the performance of a web server. This rule was implemented when Internet was taking its first steps. It indeed specified that if the loading time of a web page exceeded eight seconds, Internet users would not wait any longer. Yet the fact remains that this rule no longer applies as a much higher percentage of Internet users have reliable Internet connections, which allow them to upload almost all websites in less than a second. M-commerce is the ability to conduct a transaction while using a mobile device. There are two frequent types of usage of the m-commerce, a mobile user can buy something online from his mobile web connection, or he can use his mobile device as a way of physical payment in a shop (which thus replaces money, checks or credit card). There rules are truly fondamentals when talking about making m-commerce technology a reality: reliability, security and speed. In fact speed is a critical need for the development of m-commerce, one will not use its mobile phone to pay for something if it takes longer than using a regular money payment. Furthermore, todayeveryone expect us to be very fast, and we live much faster than former generations used to, and this has only been possible through technological improvement. This boils down...
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...1. What is the ‘8-second rule’ of the Internet and why is it important to m-commerce technology? We can define the 8-second rule as an old rule of the Internet. Also, it is the rough unit of measure of the performance of a web server. In a fact, if the loading time of a web page exceeded eight seconds, Internet users would not wait any longer while Internet users have reliable Internet connections, which allow them to upload almost all websites in less than a second. M-commerce is the ability to conduct a transaction while using a mobile. There are two frequent types of usage of the m-commerce .Firstly; a mobile user can buy something online from his mobile web connection. Secondly, he can use his mobile device as a way of physical payment in a shop which thus replaces money, checks or credit card. 2. Why might it be useful to m-commerce providers to have records of their users’ purchase histories? It is useful for m-commerce to provide and show the records of their users’ purchase which is help keeping track of the past users’ purchases .Also, it can be useful to providers in both the two aspects of m-commerce, shopping via mobile phone and mobile payment. The old records will give information to the provider about the specific tastes of individual clients which is enable providers to promote personalized offers to their clients based on the client’s interests. On the other hand, regarding the mobile payment side, past records can...
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...Case D M-COMMERCE Q1. What is the 8-second rule and why is it important to m-commerce technology? The 8-second rule is an old way of measuring the adequate response time of a webserver through different bandwidth connections, the average web user will wait about eight seconds for a page to download, but that current average download time across backbone connection on most web sites is almost ten seconds. If the load time of a webpage is more than 8 seconds, users will have no patience to wait it and they will close this website. For the aspect of its importance: Firstly, the 8-seond rule is prerequisite for m-commerce technology. The mobile phones and other handheld devices provide the high speed internet connectivity, which provides the basis of the M-commerce. Once you have high speed internet connectivity on your mobile phones, you can shop, sell, pay or trade online anytime and anywhere in the world. Secondly, speed is very much an issue when using your mobile, because you often tend to be impatient in the first place, when the mobile is so slow to connect to the internet. Thirdly, Consumers become nervous when an electronic financial transaction takes too long, or when they have to re-enter their information to make it happen. Q2. Why might it be useful to m-commerce providers to have records of their users’ purchase histories? By engaging a mobile commerce, mobile providers not only allow the customers to go to more sophisticated behaviors, but also do have...
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...Definition: Mobile Commerce is any transaction, involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods and services, which is initiated and/or completed by using mobile access to computer-mediated networks with the help of an electronic device Question 1: What is the “8-second-rule” of the internet and why is it important to the m-commerce technology? 8 second rule: a webpage has to be loaded completely in less than 8 seconds in order not to bother internet users who feel frustration while they are waiting Application to the m-commerce technology: since it is a new technology and we will see that users have many concerns about it, phone service providers need to offer fast connection Especially since the current technology isn’t stable and reliable enough, especially in big western cities where it is most important Question 2: Why might it be useful to m-commerce providers to have records of their users’ purchase histories? Through the use of cookies during online navigation, users are “customizing” their use of the internet which allows them to have quicker and easier navigation (automatically fulfilled) This also allows providers to get a lot of information about customers Three main purposes of having records: * Customer Relationship Management * Targeted advertising * Geographic localization Question 3: What is the biggest concern most cell phone users have about using m-commerce services? What are some other concerns? * Unsafe electronic payments ...
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...Group C1 Case Study D: M-Commerce Definition: Mobile Commerce is any transaction, involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods and services, which is initiated and/or completed by using mobile access to computer-mediated networks with the help of an electronic device Question 1: What is the “8-second-rule” of the internet and why is it important to the m-commerce technology? 8 second rule: a webpage has to be loaded completely in less than 8 seconds in order not to bother internet users who feel frustration while they are waiting Application to the m-commerce technology: since it is a new technology and we will see that users have many concerns about it, phone service providers need to offer fast connection Especially since the current technology isn’t stable and reliable enough, especially in big western cities where it is most important Question 2: Why might it be useful to m-commerce providers to have records of their users’ purchase histories? Through the use of cookies during online navigation, users are “customizing” their use of the internet which allows them to have quicker and easier navigation (automatically fulfilled) This also allows providers to get a lot of information about customers Three main purposes of having records: * Customer Relationship Management * Targeted advertising * Geographic localization Question 3: What is the biggest concern most cell phone users have about using m-commerce services? What are some other...
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... LAUDON AND JANE P. LAUDON CHAPTER 8 CASE 2 VIDEO CASE E-COMMERCE: DIGITAL MARKETS, DIGITAL GOODS M-Commerce: The Past, Present, and Future Systems PART 1 URL http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aO--a5yhJCg PART 2 URL http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBlLxVeCouo continued Chapter 8 Case 2 M-CoMMerCe: the past, present, and Future 2 PART 3 URL TAGS SUMMARY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsDGNLjYPxQ Tellabs; m-commerce; mobile commerce; 3g networks; online payment systems; backhaul network; customer expectations; limitations. Mobile Commerce is a new reality. This wireless, next-generation evolution of e-commerce is already poised to change the way both consumers and operators do business. Narrated by Gabriel Brown, Chief Analyst for Unstrung Insider, Tellabs’ three-part podcast series delves into the current state of mcommerce: its history, promises, challenges, early adopters, and potential. Industry analysts, end users, and Tellabs experts analyze topics ranging from mCommerce technology requirements and backhaul demands to security and standards issues, current and future markets, and revenue expectations. CASE Mobile commerce is poised to reshape the way people manage their everyday lives. As mobile devices are equipped with more and more capabilities, especially broadband Internet access and mobile payment systems, we will come to rely on these devices as essential to us. The value of mobile commerce in the United States is expected to increase...
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...1. What kinds of limitations do you see for users of telepresence? Is it really a substitute for face-to-face meetings? Make a list of features of face-to-face meetings. Then consider a range of business situations as an employee, from initial hire, to working with a team, to understanding what your boss wants, and even a termination meeting. How would telepresence work for you in these situations? Face to face meetings have eye contact, spatial orientation (sounds come from the direction of speakers), and non-verbal gestures (body movements) are visible. The technology is reliable and easy to use. On the face of it telepresence would seem to be lacking the kind of personal warmth (or heat) of a face-to-face meeting. Eye contact is difficult even though you can see eyes move on screen; in large screen versions, non-verbal communication might be possible, but not in smaller screen versions. At the least, people’s expectations of a “business relationship” will change from personal contact to “telescreen” contact. However, these tele-relationships might be perfect satisfactory for business purposes. 2. What are the business benefits of telepresence described in these videos? What is the benefit of a hologram? Benefits predicted in the videos include strategic communications solution; productivity gains; decreased time to market; building stronger relationships with customers, suppliers, and partners; reduce geographical limitations; increases in the speed...
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...Chapter 10: E-Commerce: Digital Markets, Digital Goods Case 1: M-Commerce: The Past, Present, and Future Tags: Tellabs; m-commerce; mobile commerce; 3g networks; online payment systems; backhaul network; customer expectations; limitations Summary: Mobile Commerce is a new reality. This wireless, next-generation evolution of e-commerce is already poised to change the way both consumers and operators do business. Narrated by Gabriel Brown, Chief Analyst for Unstrung Insider, Tellabs' three-part podcast series delves into the current state of mcommerce: its history, promises, challenges, early adopters, and potential. Industry analysts, end users, and Tellabs experts analyze topics ranging from mCommerce technology requirements and backhaul demands to security and standards issues, current and future markets, and revenue expectations. Part 1 URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aO--a5yhJCg Part 2 URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBlLxVeCouo Part 3 URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsDGNLjYPxQ Case Mobile commerce is poised to reshape the way people manage their everyday lives. As mobile devices are equipped with more and more capabilities, especially broadband Internet access and mobile payment systems, we will come to rely on these devices as essential to us. The value of mobile commerce in the United States is expected to increase from 78 million dollars in 2007 to 11.5 billion in 2011. The number of people using m-commerce services will increase to...
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...$1.4 trillion by 2015. We can find that fast-developing business is changing the way of doing business in almost all aspects especially for the customs. Customs declaration and inspection are of great importance when a country importing goods or exporting. But because the features of e-commerce, the traditional way of declaration and inspection began to be low-efficiency. So some changes must be made. According to these views, this essay will give a comprehensive study about e-commerce. Firstly, this essay will make a general overview of cross-border e-commerce, and the second part will focus on the current situation of customs declaration and inspection. Then it will analyze the pros and cons of some customs policy. Finally it will put forward some recommendation for countries to expand cross-border ecommerce. 2.0 An overview of cross-border ecommerce In the modern society, the Internet allows consumers to shop online globally, purchasing products and services which may be unavailable or expensive in their home countries from websites in other countries and from marketplaces such as Alibaba Group’s Tmall.com that host multinational merchants. This phenomenon, known as cross-border e-commerce, is growing with advancing technologies help reduce problems such as international payments, long shipping times and language barriers. And the development of 4G made it possible to shop online anywhere and everywhere by laptop and...
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...1 Auction Based Mechanisms for Electronic Procurement T. S. Chandrashekar, Y. Narahari, Charles H. Rosa, Devadatta Kulkarni, Jeffrey D. Tew, and Pankaj Dayama Abstract— This article reviews recent research and current art in the area of auction based mechanisms for electronic procurement. These mechanisms are becoming increasingly relevant in modern day e-procurement systems since they enable a promising way of automating negotiations with suppliers and achieving the ideal goals of procurement efficiency, cost minimization, and agent based deployment. The survey delineates different representative scenarios in e-procurement where auctions can be deployed and describes the conceptual and mathematical aspects of different categories of procurement auctions. We discuss three categories: (1) multi-unit auctions for a single homogeneous type of item; (2) combinatorial procurement auctions where the buyer seeks to procure a bundle of multiple items and the suppliers bid for subsets of the bundle; and (3) multi-attribute auctions where the procurement decisions transcend cost considerations alone, to take into account lead times, logistics costs, and other important attributes. In all three cases, the winner determination problem and the determination of payments turn out to be interesting and challenging combinatorial optimization problems. In our review, we present mathematical formulation of procurement scenarios under each category, bring out the challenge involved in solving...
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...Contents Introduction 2 China 3 Political Environment 3 Political and Legal System 3 Five Year Plan 3 One Belt, One Road 4 Risk 4 Economic Environment 5 Market Size 5 Currency 5 FDI 6 Socio-Cultural Environment 8 Guanxi 8 Hofstede’s Model of National Culture 9 China Recommendation 11 India 12 Political Environment 12 Political and Legal System 12 Opportunity 13 Risk 13 Economic Environment 14 Market Size 14 Currency 14 FDI 15 Regional Trade Blocs 16 Risk 16 Socio-Cultural Environment 17 Socio-Demographic 17 Trust and Uncertainty Avoidance 17 Human Resources 18 India Recommendation 19 Reference 20 Appendix 25 Introduction In recent decades a global shift has arisen and revolutionized the way businesses operate as we move into a more integrated and interdependent global economy. Known as Globalization, the e-commerce industry has been the crux of such a radical metamorphoses of nations. National economies are no longer self-contained and independent. China, having one of the fastest growing e-commerce markets at 22.6% (iResearch, 2014) has entered the spotlight. Whilst on the other hand, with a user base of over 354 million (Alawadhi, N., 2015) it is no wonder why India’s e-commerce industry is at a consensus of being at an ‘inflection point’ (Tiwari & Singh, 2010). In this report we evaluate the opportunities and risks potentially faced by eBay if they decide to expand into China or India. China Political...
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...CSE- 401 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [3 1 0 4] 1. Distributed System Models: Introduction , Examples , Architecture models , Fundamental models (1.1,1.2,1.4, 2.1-2.3 of Text1 ) ..2hrs 2. Interprocess Communication, Distributed Objects and Remote Invocation: Introduction , External data representation and marshalling, Communication models, Communication between distributed objects , Remote procedure call Case study: Interprocess communication in UNIX, Java RMI . (4.1-4.6, 5.1-5.5 of Text1) ..6hrs 3. Operating System Introduction , Operating system layer, Processes and threads, Communication and invocation, Architecture (6.1-6.6 of Text1) ..4hrs. 4. Distributed File Systems and Name Services: Introduction , File service architecture, Name services, Domain Name System, Directory and directory services. Case study: Sun network file system, Global name service. (8.1-8.3, 9.1-9.4 of Text1) …6hrs 5. Synchronization: Clock Synchronization, Physical clocks, Logical clocks, Global state (5.1-5.3 of Text2) ..5hrs 6. Transactions&...
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...Running Head: GREATER FINANCIAL MEANS An Unconstitutional Way to Greater Financial Means? Chiquita M. Quintor University of Phoenix Unconstitutional Ways to Greater Financial Means? There are many states that use the statues to regulate different sectors such as parks and recreation to roadways. The state of Confusion has enacted a statue that mandates all towing vehicles to use a B-type truck hitch. Numerous truckers feel Confusion is commanding an unfair expense. Tanya Trucker, who owns a trucking business in the state of Denial is filing a suit against Confusion to overturn the statue. Court with Jurisdiction The court that will have jurisdiction over Tanya Trucker’s suit is the federal jurisdiction. The Lectric Law Library states that, “The federal courts also may decide cases for which state courts are inappropriate or might be suspected of partiality. Thus, federal courts may decide, in the language of the Constitution, controversies between two or more states and between a State and Citizen of another State (Lectric Law Library, 2010). Even though this is a state statue, the federal jurisdiction will still have the power to decide if it is valid or not. Confusion Statute Constitutional Under the meaning of Article III, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, the lawsuit concerns a “case of controversy.” Even though states have the power to set their own statues, some of them can cause concern and have to be reviewed by higher courts. The state of Confusion...
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