...Introduction The use of computers to control a particular process in order to increase reliability and efficiency, often through the replacement of employees. For a manufacturer, this could entail using robotic assembly lines to manufacture a product. Automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control, programmable logic control, and other industrial control systems), in concern with other applications of information technology (such as computer-aided technologies [CAD, CAM], to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective assessment...
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...Running Head : Aviation Aerospace Human Factors in Aviation Aerospace Some of the greatest challenges in the operation and design of large machine systems such as aviation vehicles and aerospace vessels, arise from human factors . It is from such challenges that human-factor engineering has emerged, determined to optimize the interaction between man and machines for the purposes of safety and efficiency. As such, human-factors engineering concerns itself with operating procedures and the training of personnel , as well as issues of interface design (Britannica , 2008 ). These are crucial issues to aviation and aerospace, as human error has been identified as a primary contributor to more than 70 percent of commercial airplane hull-loss accidents. Graeber (1999) asserts that human error is a major concern within the areas of not only flight operations but in maintenance and traffic management as well. To remedy these matters, human factors engineering must identify the limits and characteristics of cognition , information processing and memory and how they can most effectively be integrated into the day to day operations of aviation and aerospace. This means going beyond mere personnel training and redundant safety protocols, but making knowledgeable and flexible observations about how humans interface with aviation and aerospace technology. Because technology tends to evolve faster than our ability to predict how humans interact with it, the overseers of aviation and...
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...TECHNOLOGY | Worksheet no.SD2005 | Weekly Individual Report | 28/9/2012 | POLYU HDMDT | Weekly Group Report Please fill in the form and submit to the course web site: http://courses.sd.polyu.edu.hk/ |Student and Project information | |Student name |Student ID |Role & responsibility | |Lui Yan Yan |11078781D |Define keywords, Collect and Classify data | |Poon Ka Man |11147491D |Define keywords, Collect and Classify data | |Lam Ching Mei |11039135D |Define keywords, Collect and Classify data | |Ngai Sze Ming, Ice |11352703D |Define keywords, Collect and Classify data | | | | | | ...
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...WEST VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY La Paz, Iloilo City A Digital Scrapbook in Basic Networking Submitted to: ARNEL N. SECONDES Subject Instructor Submitted by: Frenze Chloe Baluco Janice Gayapa Christian John Elnacin BSIT 2A October 3, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Table of Contents Introduction Networking Fundamentals Networking Lexicon Network Types Network Design Standard Topologies Hubs Switches Variation of Major Topologies Network Media Network Cabling: Tangible Physical Media Primary Cable Types Wireless Networking: Intangible Media Types of Wireless Network Network Interface Card Network Interface Card (NIC) Basics Special-Purpose NIC’s References ------------------------------------------------- Networking Fundamentals Networking History and Evolution The earliest form of electronic networking for the purpose of message transfer was the local telephone exchange, which has evolved to become a carrier network providing transport services for both voice and data traffic on a global scale. Data networks designed exclusively for computing environments followed the introduction of business computing in the 1950s. Prior to that time, computers were used mostly for research and national defense purposes. Milestones in the history of data networking include: * 1960s—The first large-scale commercial computer network is created for an airline reservation application...
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...switch represent? That the transmit and receive pairs are properly aligned and the connected devices are communicating . 4. What does the link light on a NIC represent? Connectivity to the network. 5. What is an echo request relative to computer networking? It is part of the ICMP protocol that requests a reply from a computer. (Page 40) 6. What is the command used on a PC to display the MAC address? ipconfig/all 7. What is the command used on a Linux machine to display the IP address? ifconfig 8. What is the maximum length of a horizontal cable run that still allows for the length of the patch cables and extra cabling on each end? 90 meters 9. A data problem is reported to the network administrator. The problem is found to be with the UTP network connection. What would the network administrator do to isolate the problem. Test the link, perform a traceroute command, depends on what type of problem is occurring with the cabling. 10. Describes interconnection of LANs within a limited geographic area. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) (page 5) 11. Which describes an Ethernet system operating at 100 Mbps? Fast Ethernet or 100BaseT (page 32) 12. What is another term for network congestion? Bottlenecking (page 59) 13. A network address of 192.168.6.0 and a subnet mask of 255.255.254.0 can be written in CIDR as? 192.168.168.0/3 (page 180) 14. The three packets exchanged at the beginning of a TCP connection between two ports are: SYN,...
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...side of an existing building. The indoor facility will feature a first-of-its-kind two-level go kart track, a six-story Ferris wheel (enclosed in glass), 24 lanes of bowling, mini golf, a four-story rope course, and scores of arcade games. Although this new venture sounds like a walk in the park, an important decision is at hand! The project has reached the 50% scheduled completion stage and a control evaluation is being undertaken to analyze the performance of the project and to recommend corrective measures to support the continuation of the project. The project, which commenced on April 4, 2008 was initially expected to be completed on December 19, 2008; and was estimated Project Summary: Project Industrial Process Human Machine Interface has a total cost of $129,600.00 with a scheduled start date of 5/27/12 and ending on 9/19/13, for project duration of 344 days. This project will also require 4,144 working hours, consume 39 tasks, and utilize 11 total resources; 2 of which are...
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...2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA), San Diego User assistance by situational, task- and model-based process information filtering in interactive, semi-automated human-automation systems Marcel Langer and Dirk S¨ ffker o Chair of Dynamics and Control University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Germany Email: {marcel.langer; soeffker}@uni-due.de Abstract operators representing (human or technical) actions. Tasks are described by defining final situations that need to be reached and process information are fused to a situation vector representing the actual state of the entire system. Suitable information is identified by comparison of differences in future situations and used for the detection of valuable information with respect to the defined (sub)task. The hierarchical task analysis [4] of a semi-automated molding process using No-Bake-Technique is additional discussed as an illustrative application example that is completely mapped into the SOM-framework. Furthermore, the results of a user study of selected functionality of the developed process guiding and supervision assistance system are presented. Nowadays, the integration of users into technical systems becomes necessary due to reasons of automation concepts that are not capable of completely integrating process knowledge and manufacturing skills for full automation of technical processes. In such interactive, semi-automated systems human...
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...A SEMINAR REPORT ON | PACKET SNIFFER | SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED ONKUNAL GOPAL THAKUR MAY 14,2010VISHAL SHIRGUPPIJUSTIN FRANCISSHAZIA ALIUNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MR. SUNIL SURVEFR. CONCEICAO RODRIGUES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGBANDRA(W)MUMBAI – 400 050 | CERTIFICATE This is to certify that, Mr. KUNAL GOPAL THAKUR , Mr. VISHAL SHIRGUPPI ,Mr. JUSTIN FRANCIS and Ms. SHAZIA ALI have completed their project on PACKET SNIFFER satisfactorily in partial fulfillment under the department of Computer Engineering during academic year 2009-2010. ____________________________ Teacher In-Charge ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our sincere thanks and gratitude to our guide Mr. Sunil Surve for his valuable guidance and suggestions. We are highly indebted to him for providing us an excellent opportunity to learn and present our studies in the form of this seminar report. We take this opportunity to thank the members of the teaching and non-teaching staff of Fr.CRCE for the timely help extended by them. Lastly thanking our parents, for their morale support and encouragement. Kunal Gopal Thakur Vishal Shirguppi Justin Francis Shazia Ali ABSTRACT: Packet sniffing is a technique of monitoring every packet that crosses the network. A packet sniffer is a piece of software or hardware...
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...IMPLEMENTATION OF PACKET SNIFFING IN JAVA USING JPCAP LIBRARY Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science Engineering of Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidalaya, Bhopal (MP) By Siddharth Pateriya Swarna Swaminathan (0131CS081077) (0131CS081084) Department of Computer Science Engineering Jai Narain College of Technology, Bhopal June – 2012 DECLARATION We, Siddharth Pateriya and Swarna Swaminathan, the students of Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science Engineering), Jai Narain College of Technology, Bhopal hereby declare that the work presented in this Major Project is an authentic record of our own and has been carried out taking care of Engineering Ethics under the guidance of Prof. Manish Mishra. Siddharth Pateriya Swarna Swaminathan (0131CS081077) (0131CS081084) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work embodied in this Major Project entitled “Implementation of Packet Sniffing in Java using Jpcap Library” has been satisfactorily completed by the students of final year, Mr. Siddharth Pateriya and Ms.Swarna Swaminathan. The work was carried out satisfactorily under the supervision and guidance of the undersigned in the Department of Computer Science Engineering, Jai Narain College of Technology and Science, Bhopal for the partial...
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... 2. What is the difference between a computer and a workstation? Computers perform three simple tasks: input, process, and output while a workstation is a connected computer/s and has an IP address. 3. What is the main purpose of a CPU and a NIC? The central processing unit (CPU) main function is to execute instructions from computer programs. The network interface card (NIC) is an additional card plugged into a motherboard slot which provides a connection between the computer and the network. 4. What is the difference between RAM AND ROM? Storage types, short-term storage (RAM) and the permanent, long term, (ROM). 5. How is data stored? Characters, bits or bytes? It is stored in bits (1, 0). 6. What is the main purpose of a bus in computers? The main purpose of the bus in computers is to carry data from one place to another on the computer. In a computer, there are buses between the CPU, RAM, disk drives, and expansion slots. The bus connecting expansion slots to the motherboard connect a network interface card (NIC) into one of these slots, the faster and busier your computer is, the faster its bus type needs to be. 7. Why are protocols important? Network protocols are the rules and formats a computer uses when sending...
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...Traffic using TCPdump utility Note: In the next steps, you will use TCPdump, a command line utility, to capture network traffic on the TargetLinux01 virtual server. You will generate that traffic by exploiting a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Damn Vulnerable Web Application (DVWA) tool. In the lab environment, you will be capturing traffic on one interface. In a real-world situation, it is likely the machine would be straddling both an internal network and an external network. In that case, you would want to want to monitor both sides of the interface. Monitoring outside network traffic allows information systems security practitioners to see who and what is attempting to infiltrate your IP network. Monitoring internal traffic allows network analysts to see exactly which hosts may be compromised and what destination IP addresses internal employees are accessing. 1. Double-click the RDP folder on the vWorkstation desktop to open the folder. 2. Double-click the TargetLinux01 file in the RDP folder to open a remote connection to the Linux machine. The remote desktop opens with the IP address of the remote machine (172.30.0.11) in the title bar at the...
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...Metropolis also shows the destruction of the barrier between man and machine through the machines that power the city. The machines represent the evil in the city, and the lack of communication between the upper and lower classes. The machinery that powers the city almost forms a character in and of itself. It consumes the workers as a predator, but it also forms the heart of the city. Metropolis’ machines are almost living and breathing, but only through its destruction is rebuilding able to start. The machines consume the workers and almost forms a gaping maw swallowing up the workers whole in order to fuel the city. In contrast to Tomorrow’s Eve, Metropolis portrays the machine being evil in and of itself, albeit a necessary one. The boundary...
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...IP Spoofing: An Introduction Criminals have long employed the tactic of masking their true identity, from disguises to aliases to caller-id blocking. It should come as no surprise then, that criminals who conduct their nefarious activities on networks and computers should employ such techniques. IP spoofing is one of the most common forms of on-line camouflage. In IP spoofing, an attacker gains unauthorized access to a computer or a network by making it appear that a malicious message has come from a trusted machine by “spoofing” the IP address of that machine. In this article, we will examine the concepts of IP spoofing: why it is possible, how it works, what it is used for and how to defend against it.Internet Protocol – IP Internet protocol (IP) is a network protocol operating at layer 3 (network) of the OSI model. It is a connectionless model, meaning there is no information regarding transaction state, which is used to route packets on a network. Additionally, there is no method in place to ensure that a packet is properly delivered to the destination.Examining the IP header, we can see that the first 12 bytes (or the top 3 rows of the header) contain various information about the packet. The next 8 bytes (the next 2 rows), however, contains the source and destination IP addresses. Using one of several tools, an attacker can easily modify these addresses – specifically the “source address” field. It's important to note that each datagram is sent independent of all others...
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...Ergonomics, human engineering or human factors engineering is the science of creating products or designing machines which maximize safety, comfort or efficiency of people who use them. People who work with ergonomics apply general principles of industrial engineering, psychology, anthropometrics, which is the science of human measurement, and even biomechanics to adapt certain designs of products or workplaces to peoples constitution, strengths and limitations. This science also takes into consideration peoples reactions and the amount of time they need to process a specific task or information received from their environment, as well as the capacity of dealing with certain psychological factors, mainly stress and isolation. Once a study about a certain group of peoples reactions to their environment has been made, people who design with ergonomics attempt to develop the best possible design for a system or product. Ergonomists view people and a the object or machine they will use as a sole unit, and the ergonomic approach to design blends the persons abilities with those of the machine. When designing one must take into account the several limitations of both the mechanical and the human factor involved in a certain workspace. Human beings need to rest or experience less stress when realizing a certain task or they will spend their energies quickly and begin making mistakes when working, they are also subject to illness, accidents and the need of rest. The...
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...ensure efficient processing. All these functionalities are provided by the kernel of operating system. The operating system also acts as an interface between user and the computer hardware. Components of operating system enable the different part of a computer to work together. The interface provides user an environment to execute and use the computer resources in an efficient manner. The interface is also known as shell. Operating system has following components: a) Kernel b) Networking c) Security d) Shell Kernel is the core of the operating system and it acts as a bridge between application and the actual data processing done at hardware level. These facilities available to application processes through inter-process communication mechanisms and system calls. It provides the lowest-level abstraction layer for the resources that application software must control to perform its function. It also decides at a particular time which process should be allocated to the processor. It is also responsible for allocating memory to various processes. Shell is the software that provides an interface for an operating system to access the services of kernel. The primary purpose of shell is to execute another program. The user interface of the operating system is...
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