...APPENDIX 2 SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED WTO NEGOTIATIONS: THE FISHERIES SECTOR COUNTRY CASE STUDY: PERU Draft – not for citation John Tilman May 2, 2006 1 Glossary ADEX BCRP CCA CPPS DDA DIGESA EEZ EU FAO FIUPAP FONCODES FONDEPES GATS GPS IATTC IMARPE INEI ISC ITP MT NAMA NRI OLDEPESCA PRODUCE PROMPEX SIA SNP SPS SUNAT TBT WTO Exporters Association Central Reserve Bank of Peru Causal chain analysis Permanent Commission for the South Pacific Doha Development Agenda Environmental Health Directorate Exclusive Economic Zone European Union Food & Agricultural Organisation Artisanal Fishermen’s Federation Cooperation & Development Fund National Fund for Fisheries Development General Agreement on Trade in Services Global Positioning System Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission The Marine Institute Statistical & Information Institute Selective Consumption Tax Fisheries Technological Institute Metric Tonnes Non-agricultural Market Access Natural Resources Institute Latin America Organisation for Fisheries Ministry of Production – Fisheries Export Promotion Office Sustainability Impact Analysis National Fishing Society Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Superintendency of Tax Technical Barriers to Trade World Trade Organization 2 Table of Contents Page Glossary Executive summary 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Coastal livelihoods and development 1.3. Objectives of the study 2 6 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 18 18 19...
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...Introduction: One of the primary functions of a specialized bank is to extend credit to the deficit economic unit that comprises borrowers of all types. Bank credit is essential of economic development. Without adequate finance, important for the economy in the sense that it can simultaneously finance all the sub sectors at financial area, which comprises agricultural, commercial and industrial activities of a nation. Objective of the study: The main objective of the study is to examine the lending program of Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank, for the period 2001 to 2004. To achieve this objective, the study seeks to realize the following: 1. To assess the condition of credit management system of Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank. 2. To assess the loan disbursement position of Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank during 2001 to 2004. 3. To assess the loan recovery position of Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank during 2001 to 2004. Methodology of my study: The present study is concerned with the analysis of Credit Management system of the Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank. The approach adopted is basically analytical and interpretation in nature considering the objectives of the study. This study uses primary and secondary sources of data. 1. 1. Direct interview; 2. 2. Personal communication; To prepare this report 1 used the following methods of data collection. Direct interview methods: I have collected information and data by direct interviewing of the executives and officers...
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...4 Agriculture 4.1 An important aspect of ‘inclusive growth’ in the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007–12) is its target of 4 per cent per annum growth in GDP from agriculture and allied sectors. This target is not only necessary to achieve the overall GDP growth target of 9 per cent per annum without undue inflation, but it is an important element of ‘inclusiveness’ since the global experience of growth and poverty reduction shows that GDP growth originating in agriculture is at least twice as effective in reducing poverty as GDP growth originating outside agriculture. TABLE 4.1 Growth in GDP at Factor Cost, 1999–2000 Prices Agriculture and Allied Sectors Tenth Plan 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 Eleventh Plan 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 Revised Estimate Triennium 2009–10 over Triennium 2004–05 Eleventh Plan average (2007–10) –7.2 10.0 0.0 5.9 3.8 4.7 1.6 0.2 3.4 2.2 Total Economy 3.8 8.5 7.5 9.4 9.6 9.2 6.7 7.4 8.6 7.7 with the strong growth recovery after 2004–05, which reversed a prolonged deceleration since the mid-1990s. However, agricultural growth fell to 1.6 per cent in 2008–09; and a severe drought in 2009 (the worst in 37 years) produced virtually flat growth (see Table 4.1) because of major losses in kharif output which also led to high food price inflation. The setback in the second and third years of the Plan implies that an average growth rate of about 7 per cent per annum will be required in the remaining two years (2010–11 and 2011–12) if the Eleventh Plan...
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...me with health, abilities and guidance to complete the project in a successful manner, and without His help I was unable to write this report. More than anybody else, I would like to acknowledge my teachers without their support and untiring efforts it was difficult for me to complete this report. They were always there to guide me whenever I felt stuck off and their encouragement always worked as morale booster for me. I have found them very helpful while discussing the tricky issues in this dissertation work. I would also like to thank Mr. Faraz khan (Operations Manager of MCB) for providing me the opportunity to have an excellent learning experience during my internship. His critical comments on my work have certainly made me think of new ideas and techniques....
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...PART 3 GROWING THE PRIVATE SECTOR CHAPTER 17 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Institutions refer to arrangements and processes for the purposeful administration or management of a polity or the management of an entity. The importance of institutions will probably be best understood from the governance perspective. In this regard, we recall that governance is 111 primarily concerned with two inter-related issues. These are (a) existence of societal institutions for managing social relations; and (b) the degree of independence enjoyed by each institution in the performance of its assigned duties. Hence, the state of institutions along these two dimensions determines the quality of governance. Herein lies the desirability of assessing the current state of institutional setting in which ODSEEDS would be designed and implemented. For the purpose of our discussion, we have identified three major groups of stakeholders around which institutions could be appraised. These groups comprise (a) the government (public sector), (b) business (private sector); and (c) civil society (the people). These are the three primary partners (3PP) in the development process of any nation. The characteristic of each partner group in Ondo State are highlighted briefly as follows: 17.1 The Public Sector Ondo State has a seasoned executive arm of government, a legacy it inherited from the early 60s. The state’s civil service is blessed with competent technocrats and is expected to serve as...
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...Although women in Bangladesh make a direct and equal contribution to that of men in economical contributions, their productive worth is not acknowledged by this male‐dominated society. Some principal reasons for the lack of recognition include the inferior social and religious status of women, seclusion through systematic segregation, negligible legal and property rights ,sex discrimination in gaining access to economic activities, lack of valuation of women's activities, and absence of government policies regarding women’s development. Male‐dominated Bangladesh society undervalues women's work by paying them less than men with the same workload and even with the same output. Credit is taken over by their male counterparts (husbands). This report explores the contribution of women in Agriculture, SME and RMG sectors that would recognize women's labor and incorporate women incomprehensive development activities throughout Bangladesh. INTRODUCTION: Bangladesh has a population around 140 million (July 2011EST.). About 45% of them are still living below the poverty line. Bangladesh’s Human development index (HDI) is 139 (out of 177), ranking as the lowest in the Asian country list. Although women in Bangladesh make a direct and equal contribution to that of men in ECONOMICS. Some principal reasons for the lack of recognition include the inferior social and religious status of women, seclusion through systematic segregation, negligible legal and property rights, sex discrimination...
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...behind these outcomes. Agriculture provides employment to over 50% of the workforce and the forward and backward linkages associated with its growth have a considerable effect on the incomes of the non agricultural sector. Contributing not only to the overall growth of the economy, but it's role in reducing poverty by providing employment and food security, makes it one of the most inclusive growth sectors of the Indian economy. The deceleration in growth during the period 1997-2004, occurred in almost all the states and sub-sectors, including horticulture, livestock and fisheries where growth was expected to be high. While there was an emphasis on price factors following the economic reforms of the 1990s due to the implementation of the WTO agreement, it was at the cost of non price factors like research and extension, irrigation and credit. Aided by fluctuating rainfall, undeveloped irrigation facilities, groundwater depletion and the absence of a sign of a second green revolution along with a sharp decline in agricultural productivity in states like Punjab and Haryana gave an impression of a depressing scenario with agricultural growth, amounting to only 1.6% per annum. However there have been positive developments in the last decade with the introduction of new policies and initiatives by the government which have led to an emergence of a positive picture with growth now 3.5% per annum. POLICIES The turning point came with the Mid-Term Appraisal of the Tenth Five...
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...summary 5 1. Introduction 8 2. Value chain analysis 9 2.1. The general value chain concept 9 2.2. The value chain concept applied to fisheries and aquaculture 11 2.3. Conclusions about using the value chain analysis 14 3. The international seafood industry and Africa’s place in it 16 3.1. African seafood exports and imports 18 3.2. Main destinations 20 3.3. Imports 21 3.4. Value addition in Africa 21 4. Studies where value chain analysis has been used 22 4.1. Revenue distribution through the seafood value chain 23 4.2. Lake Victoria Nile perch fishery, Tanzania 25 4.3. Pelagic fishery in Morocco 32 4.4. Value addition opportunities in the Namibian seafood industry 38 4.5. Ugandan Nile perch quality management and certification 41 4.6. The Kenya capture fisheries value chain 45 4.7. Nigerian domestic catfish production 50 4.8. Gender analysis of aquaculture value chain in Nigeria and Vietnam 54 4.9. Private sector applications of value chain analysis 60 5. On-going value chain analysis studies 68 5.1. Value chain analysis of international fish trade and food security 68 5.2. Ghana: Value Chain and Cost Earnings Analysis 69 6. Example from Asia: Analysis of the fishery sector in Sri Lanka 70 6.1. Value chain summary 71 6.2. Production 71 6.3. Ownership and collective action 72 6.4. Fisheries value chain structure and dynamics 74 6.5. Value chain participants 76 6.6. Supporting markets 77 6.7. Inter-firm linkages 78 6.8. Value chain...
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...When Bangladesh came into existence on the 16th December, 1971, the banking sector of Bangladesh was in a total disarray. With the exception of two local banks incorporated in then East Pakistan, all the bigger local banks became in operational. Starting with such a humble condition, the Banking Sector of Bangladesh has grown to a great extent. The banking industry in Bangladesh has flourished over the years, making double-digit profit percentages, sustaining growth and surviving cut-throat competition while providing attractive returns to shareholders. The number of banks in all now stands at 49 in Bangladesh. Out of the 49 banks, four are Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), 28 local private commercial banks, 12 foreign banks and the rest five are Development Financial Institutions (DFIs). Sonali Bank is the largest among the NCBs while Pubali is leading in the private ones. Among the 12 foreign banks, Standard Chartered has become the largest in the country. The number of total branches of all scheduled banks is 6,038 as of June 2000. Of the branches, 39.95 per cent (2,412) are located in the urban areas and 60.05 per cent (3,626) in the rural areas. Of the branches NCBs hold 3,616, private commercial banks 1,214, foreign banks 31 and specialized banks 1,177. [pic] Janata Bank is a state-owned commercial bank of Bangladesh established in 1971. Its headquarter is situated at Motijheel in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Immediately after the emergence of Bangladesh...
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...of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The food processing industry is one of the largest industries in India-it is ranked fifth in terms of production, consumption, export and expected growth. The food industry is on a high as Indians continue to have a feast. Fuelled by what can be termed as a perfect ingredient for any industry - large disposable incomes - the food sector has been witnessing a marked change in consumption patterns, especially in terms of food. Increasing incomes are always accompanied by a change in the food basket. The proportionate expenditure on cereals, pulses, edible oil, sugar, salt and spices declines as households climb the expenditure classes in urban India while the opposite happens in the case of milk and milk products, meat, egg and fish, fruits and beverages. For instance, the proportionate expenditure on staples (cereals, grams, pulses) declined from 45 per cent to 44 per cent in rural India while the figure settled at 32 per cent of the total expenditure on food in urban India. A large part of this shift in consumption is driven by the processed food market, which accounts for 32 per cent of the total food market. It accounts for US$ 29.4 billion, in a total estimated market of US$ 91.66 billion. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has estimated that the food processing sector has the potential of attracting US$ 33 billion of investment in 10 years and generate employment...
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...ure CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 NEED FOR BANKS With the increase in population and trust of people in the banks, the banks started to perform many other functions to facilitate the different sectors of economy in addition to their basic functions of accepting deposit and lending money. Because of expansion in banking business, it became very difficult for banks to perform the entire functions just under one roof. So the banking experts decided to divide the banks according to their importance and functions. 1.2 TYPES OF BANK 1) Chartered Bank: These are the banks, which are established by the order of king (Royal Order). They perform the same functions like other commercial banks or the function which are laid down in their charter. For instance, Chartered Bank of England. 2) Banks according to registration: i) Scheduled Banks These are the banks, which are registered in the list of central bank. They are bound to follow the instructions and policies of central bank. For instance, United bank, Allied bank, MCB bank etc. ii) Non-scheduled Banks These are the banks, which are not registered in the list of central bank. They are not bound to follow the instructions and policies of central banks. 3) Banks according to ownership: i) Government Banks These are the banks, which are owned by central or provincial government of any country. The government is responsible to frame and control the policies of these banks and it has also right to receive all benefit and...
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...Evolution The origins of the State Bank of India can be traced back two hundred years to the establishment of the Bank of Calcutta. The keen interest shown by the directors of the bank in maintaining records found an echo in 1975 when R.K. Talwar, a former chairman of the State Bank, commissioned an account of the bank's evolution from its earliest days. Banking in those days was a far cry from what it is today-an unbiased, uniform system that has led to increased purchasing power across classes. At the time, even though the rupee was the unifying currency, there also existed a confusing array of coinage whose value could vary by the region. Besides the cowrie-sea shells brought in from the Maldives-were the sicca, the Arcot rupee, notes issued by various banks and copper, silver and gold coins that the British tried to introduce as a standard coinage. Only the wealthy Indians and the Europeans had any use for bank notes-for the greater part of the population even the lowly copper coin had a purchasing power beyond their day-to-day needs. Rates of interest, while regulated for the banks to a maximum of 12 per cent, were exorbitant for the peasants, labourers and artisans with 50 per cent being fairly standard. The organizational set-up had its own share of anomalies, with salaries far lower for Indians than Europeans. The highest an Indian could aspire to was the position of khazanchee, a thankless job whose responsibility was equal to that of the secretary and treasurer...
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...is the largest banking institution in Bangladesh, dynamic in actions, honest in dealings, just in judgment, fair in approaches and devoted to high quality service to customers and thereby contribute to the growth of GDP of the country throughout stimulating trade and commerce, boosting up export, poverty alleviation, raising living standard of limited income group and overall sustainable socio-economic development in the country. To achieve the aforesaid objectives of the Bank, different banking activities must play an active role to provide the financial assistance to the customer who also helps them by providing them with management assistance when needed. Sonali Bank Limited has played this role with their experiences in the banking sector where the others are not merely performed. The internship report comprises a brief study on the Sonali Bank Limited during three months internship. The report is distributed in many parts according to nature and requirement of organization and according to the instructions of supervisor of report. 1.2 Justification of the study Internship Program is a mandatory program for all students of B.B.A under National University. Practical orientation is a positive development in professional area. Recognizing the importance of practical experience, Department of Business Administration has introduced a one to three months practical exposure as a part of the curriculum of Bachelor of Business Administration. For the completion of this internship...
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...Agriculture is central to economic growth and development in Pakistan. Being the dominant sector it contributes 21.4 percent to GDP, employs 45 percent of the country’s labour force and contributes in the growth of other sectors of the economy. The healthy expansion in agriculture stimulates domestic demand for industrial goods and other services and supplying raw material to agro-based industry notably cotton textile industry which is the largest subsector of manufacturing sector. The government under paradigm of the new growth strategy envisioned to enhance growth in agriculture sector by facilitating agriculture productivity sustainable environment, increasing competitiveness in agriculture marketing and trade by providing friendly climate for more investment in the sector. However, draft tenth 5 years plan also envisages improving the productivity, profitability competitiveness and environmental sustainability of agriculture. Overall agriculture development strategy revolves to foster private sector-led development with public sector providing enabling environment through policy interventions and play capacity building role to improve agriculture related practices. The emphasis is on improving productivity and moving from subsistence to market oriented farming in the country to meet the domestic demand and surplus for export. The objective is to exploit potentials of our agriculture sector and use it as engine for economic growth and food security for the country. Consequent...
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...RESEARCH AND INNOVATION POLICY OF BRAZIL 1. Some Numbers: • Total area - 8.5 million km² • Population - 191 million • GDP (2010) - 3,7 US$ trillion • Investment in R&D - 1.25 % GDP in 2010 • Scientists and researchers - 231,000 in 2010 (headcount) • Scientific papers - 2.7 % of world scientific production • world's sixth largest by nominal GDP • eighth largest by purchasing power parity. • moderately free markets and an inward-oriented economy. • the largest in Latin American nations ere. • one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world with an average annual GDP growth rate of over 5 percent • together with Mexico, has been at the forefront of the Latin American multinationals phenomenon by which, thanks to superior technology and organization, local companies have successfully turned global. 2. Overview Brazil has many times in its history praised to be the land of the future. First, Brazil with population of 190 million, the past eight years “Bolsa Familia” social program have lifted over 40 million Brazilians out of poverty and into middle class. This creates interesting platform for creating context related innovations and scaling bottom-of-the-pyramid innovations (disruptive and reverse) globally. Second, Brazil was almost non-effected by financial crisis 2008, a signal for strong and stable macro-economic policies. This means that Brazil, first time in its history, is becoming an interesting country for long term investment...
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