...Content: In the article mentioned above, the author Kuotsai Tom Liou was trying to find out two answers: first of all, how has China achieved its development? Second, what can we learn from this story? The article starts with a brief introduction about how important the economic development is. Then the article uses few paragraphs to point out different development methods during different reformation period of China. At the end of the introduction, the author threw out the two main points which have already mentioned above. On the next section, the author began to focus on the time-line of China’s development. He listed out events and reformations paragraph by paragraph. This section help the readers better get their ideas into shape. In order to make a strong argument, Kuotsai Tom Liou provided few forms while he was talking about China’s macroeconomic structural reformation. Next, the author dug in-depth and discussed about the four major strategies implemented that readers should focus on. The four major strategies are: the contract responsibility system, the dual price system, special economic zones, and administrative reform. These changes all represent different reform periods. Next then, the author summed up little bit, he used one section to talk about the lessons we should learn from economic development. In this section, the author overall expounded how Chinese development experience occurred and became successful while it interact with government, environment, special...
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...In the early modern ages, the world has seen many changes. One of the most momentous acts of the early modern ages, was the protestant reformation. Prior to the reformation, the monarchy had near complete control of its people, and had tricked them into believing that the king had his powers derived from God. One vivid evidence of this was The Divine Right of Kings by King James I. The Divine Right provides insight into the world of the monarchy, and shows the reader what the monarchy had convinced its people to believe. On the other side of things, a German monk named Martin Luther had written Christian Freedom to bring attention to how controlling the monarchy was. The Divine Right of Kings and Christian Freedom differ remarkably, showing...
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...HST5152: CATHOLICS AND ELIZABETHAN POLITICS IN ENGLAND, 1558-1603: BOOK REVIEW Christopher Haigh- English reformations, religion, politics and society under the Tudors (Oxford University Press 1993) Through Haigh’s analysis, his book does not seek to offer explanations of a great English Reformation event; instead, it will seek to tell the story of all the lesser events which in sum became some English Reformations. This suggests Haigh’s book is delving into more detail over the causes which constituted a reformation. According to Christopher Haigh, in recent attempts to get at the grass roots of Reformation history are frustrating and perhaps futile. Why has it been so difficult for historians to uncover English Reformations? One historical and geographical reason could be: In Tudor England there was no public opinion polls and in a fragmented and localized society there was no public opinion towards the measure of reformation. Thus, there is no form of evidence that will tell us unequivocally what people believed. However there are several sorts of evidence which Haigh displays throughout his book, one being...
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...integrity of Rome were extremely prevalent in their works, as well as in the policies of Emperor Augustus. This signified the extreme importance of Augustus’ focus on restoring traditional Roman values, and when supported by the writings from Virgil, Horace and Livy, has proven to be one of the most significant aspects towards the success of Augustus’ transformation of Rome into the Empire it would become. When we examine the contribution that Virgil, Horace and Livy made to the Augustan rule in the newly formed Roman Empire, we cannot begin without mentioning some of the skepticism that occurred during the initial years of the transformation. This is evidenced well in an excerpt in Livy’s The Early History of Rome: I would have [the reader] trace the process of our moral decline, to watch, first, the sinking of the foundations of morality as the old teaching was allowed to lapse, then the rapidly increasing disintegration, then the final collapse of the whole edifice, and the dark dawning of our modern day when we can neither endure our vices...
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...Referring to the previous paragraph, Haigh persuasively argues that the Supremacy Bill which would provide freedom of theology as mentioned in previous paragraphs; was due to political rather than theological motives. Haigh clarifies the main purposes behind the Supremacy Bill, Chantries Act and the Treason Act 1533-1534. Haigh believes these Acts were devised due to political and economic reasons. This was economical because Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries this politically weakened the Catholic church as a political and fiscal institution, this ensured the transfer of property from the Church to the Crown, attached to monasteries were financial benefits. Nevertheless, hypothetically historians could interpret these acts as a way to...
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...the roles he had in ministry as pastor and reformer. Nichols is convinced that, the life and works of Luther did not only fired up the reformation but these also shape our lives today. This book is a useful overview the monk, Luther, who was a husband, father, pastor and reformer (16-17, 50-51). Nichols’s book is divided in three parts. In each of these sections, the writer describes the life of Luther and his work in three different subjects. First, Nichols describes the life of Luther; section one is divided in the early years, 1483-1521 and the later years, 1522-1546. In the second part he describes him as pastor and the third part describes him as the reformer. Nichols opens his book with the desperate fear of Luther. In the terrifying storm Luther promised that he would become a monk in exchange of safety. (27-28)....
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...The article’s headline serves as an indicator of the key subject areas for the critical analysis, by Peter Matheson, of the humanist movement and how it was intertwined to the reform movements of the sixteenth century. The reader should care about what the author is saying because of his in-depth analysis of two very different ways of thinking and how these ways of thinking reflected the culture that was around them. This subject is interesting because it offers a unique perspective on the way human self-worth and importance was viewed and how Peter Matheson believed humanism was not essentially the key force driving the reforms of the sixteenth century. After reading Matheson’s analysis of humanism and the reform movements, it seems to me...
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...Propaganda during the Reformation In this woodblock from 1568, the printer at left is removing a page from the press while the one at right inks the text-blocks Propaganda during the Reformation, helped by the spread of the printing press throughout Europe, and in particular within Germany, caused new ideas, thoughts, and doctrine to be made available to the public in ways that had never been seen before the sixteenth century. The printing press was invented in approximately 1450 and quickly spread to other major cities around Europe; by the time the Reformation was underway in 1517 there were printing centers in over 200 of the major European cities.[1] These centers became the primary producers of Reformation works by the Protestants, and in some cases anti-Reformation works put forth by the Roman Catholics. Printed texts and pamphlets There were a number of different methods of propaganda used during the Reformation including pamphlets/leaflets, texts, letters and translations of the Bible/New Testament. Pamphlets or leaflets were one of the most common forms of propaganda during the reformation period. Pamphlets usually consisted of approximately eight to sixteen pages and were relatively small and easy to conceal from the authorities, thus making them very useful to reformers whose ideas were not accepted by the Roman Catholic authorities. The majority of these pamphlets promoted the Reformation and the Protestant ideas; however pamphlets were also used by Roman Catholic...
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...Wesley Rudolph September 16, 2012 History 104 Miracles at the Jesus Oak: Book Review Section one: Miracles at the Jesus Oak is the third of Harline’s contextual biographies. The others include, A bishop’s Tale: Mathias Hovius among His Flock in seventeenth –Century Flanders and Conversions: Two Family Stories From the Reformation and Modern America. His books were adopted by the Yale Printing Press and are used widely in many Universities all across the country. Many Religious groups have taken Harline’s scholarly works and used them as educational tools and belief strengtheners in the Church. Harline is now a history professor at Brigham Young University. Harline received inspiration for his historical texts from extensive research of Belgian and Dutch archives. What made Miracles at the Jesus Oak different from his other books was that he wrote five different stories in one contextual text showing each miracle in a different light. He tried hard to stray from the typical religious view on writing about miracles and this caused for his entire book to be a success. Section 2: Each chapter begins with a story, and typically that story entails setting out for a miracle. Each story is told as if it could be in fact a movie; the description is so vivid that it’s very easy to visualize everything. You visualize a humble peasant who suffers from lack of breast milk for her fourteenth child. After feverish praying and searching far and wide she is given a miracle, which...
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...for introductory courses in evangelism or as a primary text for courses on in the history of evangelism. The book was written in chronological order from the time of Jesus until the modern day. The first two chapters dealt with Jesus’ own practice of evangelism and the evangelistic work of the New Testament church. In the chapters, he discussed the characteristics of their evangelism and the strategies they used. The third and fourth chapters of the book covered the history of evangelism from the Second Century through the Middle Ages. He noted the change in methods as people were forced by governments to convert to Christianity. Chapters 5 and 6 described the work of evangelism before and during the Reformation. Chapter 5 unpacked information leading up to the Reformation, emphasizing the preaching of the Bible, ministry to common people, the importance of preaching over the sacraments, and the relatively new communication of Bible truth in the common language of the people. Chapter 6 covered the evangelism of Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, and the Anabaptists. He said that each of these emphasized biblical preaching in the language of the people, exalted the authority of the Bible, used the printing press, and seized the opportunities of their day. Chapters 7 and 8 discussed the work of evangelism as it unfolded in Europe through the 18th Century. He described the pietism movement which reacted against the dead orthodoxy of the Lutheran...
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...Will the life you’ve lived on your short “-“(dash) speak for itself when the sun sets? In John Donne’s Hymn to God, My God, In My Sickness, the poet speaks to both the Lord and the reader as he lies on his death bed. Donne has been fine tuning himself for the triumph in Heaven. He admits that he has had both good and bad in his life, but asks the Lord to seek the good in him and embrace his soul. There is a direct correlation with the life you live here on Earth and with the next (afterlife). Donne is both the narrator and the character of this poem. He speaks of his experiences as he nears death. He realizes death is eminent, and he will soon rejoice with the “choirs of saints” (Donne line 2) in Heaven, but wonders what would he do when he reaches Heaven. Donne’s writing style of metaphysics is used in this poem and in several others. The narrator has an extensive interest in religion, cartography and geography. It is no wonder he shows interest in these areas as it was during this time in European civilization that they experienced the “New Age of Discovery”. There were explorations of new land; the replacing of the Ptolemaic model of an Earth-centered universe with Copernicus’s heliocentric (Sun-centered) model; the invention of Mariner’s compass; and various other developments and reformations. He writes, “...Whilst my physicians by their love are grown/ Cosmographers and I their map” (7) He equates his body to a map and his physicians to cosmographers. His physicians...
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...about the doctrines with biblical terms and with some different legal systems he was able to at least leave an imprint of being able to change your view on The Bible which helped allow new religions.As Ulrich Zwingli helped change how people interpret The Bible and help us get the right to we are able to think in different point of view of the what The Bible says. William Tyndale was an ordinary priest and became a supporter of the reformation acts that were going on at the time. William Tyndale made the first English The Bible in 1524, and started to make multiple copies, and asked for help from Martin Luther at the city Wittenberg. As William Tyndale was shown to have a different opinion of The Bible, which got him into a lot of trouble as he is now in hiding in a spot we still do not know yet. While he was evading King Henry the VIII’s spies he started to begin translating the Old Testament into English with the help from a few English outlaws because they gave him the financial aid finish the work he started before. As the reformation began William Tyndale thought it was safe to return to his work in a public scale and not be hunted for his work which could be considered heresy. As William Tyndale was more open about his work some of his closest friends found out and one named Henry Phillips betrayed him and gave him up to the imperials where William Tyndale was put in prison. William Tyndale was once before trialed for the same thing he did before and was unscathed...
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...during the 17th century. During this time those groups were referred to as lunatics, but may have well been saner than the society which rejected them, as Hill says, “If we dismiss such ideas because they seem irrational to us, we may be depriving ourselves of valuable insights into society.” (pg ___) Hill is interested in such radical thinking not only because they influence societies, but because they reveal the societies which gave rise to them. He tries to acknowledge to the reader not to be ignorant of what the common people thought. Hill discovers religious movements in England abundant with the ideas and themes that would eventually give birth to secular radical ideologies like materialism, secularism, and communism. He also is far more empathetic and understanding to those revolutionaries who introduced economic ideas of national communism. If you do not have the slightest interest in history this book is not for you. This book is not something a beginner reader would read, your average reader would struggle with his extensive vocabulary and lack of prior knowledge of the English Civil wars are recommended. The way that Hill organizes the book is intriguingly unusual, because it is thematically organized and not so much chronological like most books. His constant repetitiveness makes the book tedious at some times, but is significant to the thesis that remains throughout the book. Hill upholds his promise in the introduction, while vigorously explaining each groups...
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...waistcoat pocket”. As the nation progressed through the 19th century reform movements attempted to, and sometimes succeeded at, reviving religion with religious reformation and the Second Great Awakening, moving away from materialism and greed, and addressing the multiple human rights issues going on in America at the time. Reformation in America started with religion and the religious revival movement of the Second Great Awakening. In the early 1800’s, America was beginning to show signs of going through an intense period of religious rejection and anticlericalism especially with the widely circulated book by...
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...spent in England during the English Reformation. d. the turmoil caused by having two popes during the Great Schism. e. the influence of John Calvin. 2. The author of the Ninety-Five Theses was a. John Calvin. b. Erasmus. c. Voltaire. d. Martin Luther. e. Henry VIII. 3. The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the a. need to match the resurgence of the Byzantine empire. b. threat posed by Islam. c. need for Henry VIII to pay off the national debt. d. expense associated with translating original Greek classics. e. need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter’s basilica. 4. Which one of the following was not one of Luther’s problems with the Roman Catholic church? a. the selling of indulgences b. pluralism c. absenteeism d. the immense wealth of the Catholic church e. the church’s decision to translate the Bible into vernacular languages 5. Who said, “I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against one’s conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other.”? a. Martin Luther b. Jesus c. John Calvin d. Sima Qian e. Henry VIII 6. In the centuries following the fall of Rome, the only unifying force for all of Europe was a. the Byzantine empire. b. the Holy Roman empire. c. the Catholic church. d. the Auld Alliance. e. the Umayyad dynasty. 7. Henry VIII’s reformation in England a. was based on the ideas...
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