..."plagiarus" was introduced into English in 1601 by dramatist Ben Jonson to describe someone guilty of literary theft.[7][9] The derived form plagiarism was introduced into English around 1620.[10] The Latin plagiārius, "kidnapper", and plagium, "kidnapping", has the root plaga ("snare", "net"), based on the Indo-European root *-plak, "to weave" (seen for instance in Greek plekein, Bulgarian "плета" pleta, Latin plectere, all meaning "to weave"). Legal aspects Although plagiarism in some contexts is considered theft or stealing, the concept does not exist in a legal sense. "Plagiarism" is not mentioned in any current statute, either criminal or civil.[11][8] Some cases may be treated as unfair competition or a violation of the doctrine of moral rights.[8] The increased availability of intellectual property due to a rise in technology has furthered the debate as to whether copyright offences are criminal.[citation needed] In short, people are asked to use the guideline, "...if you did not write it yourself, you must give credit."[12] Plagiarism is not the same as copyright infringement. While both terms may apply to a particular act, they are different concepts, and false claims of authorship may constitute plagiarism regardless of whether the material is protected by copyright. Copyright infringement is a violation of the rights of a copyright holder, when material whose use is restricted by copyright is used without consent. Plagiarism, in contrast, is concerned with the unearned...
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...------------------------------------------------- Plagiarism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Plagiarism (disambiguation). For Wikipedia policies concerning plagiarism, see Wikipedia:Plagiarism and Wikipedia:Copyright violations. Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "purloining and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work.[1][2] The idea remains problematic with unclear definitions and unclear rules.[3][4][5] The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as anideal emerged in Europe only in the 18th century, particularly with the Romantic movement. Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics. It is subject to sanctions like expulsion. Plagiarism is not a crime per se but in academia and industry it is a serious ethical offense,[6][7] and cases of plagiarism can constitute copyright infringement. Contents [hide] * 1 Etymology * 2 Legal aspects * 3 In academia and journalism * 3.1 Academia * 3.2 Journalism * 3.3 Sanctions for student plagiarism * 3.4 Self-plagiarism * 3.4.1 The concept of self-plagiarism * 3.4.2 Self-plagiarism and codes of ethics * 3.4.3 Factors that justify reuse * 3.5 Organizational publications * 4 In the arts * 4.1 Plagiarism and the history of art * 4.2 Praisings of artistic...
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...Managing Ethical Decision Making in the Workplace James E. Gleason BUS 275-H01 Calhoun Community College Abstract Business leaders struggle to balance the desire for profit and maximum shareholder return with corporate ethics and social responsibility. Unfortunately, short-term financial bottom line has taken the place of maintaining strong moral character in today’s business practices. In the United States alone, about two-thirds of the top corporations have been guilty of some type of corporate malfeasance. In the face of both damaging and publicly embarrassing litigation, business leaders now recognize the need for sound, straightforward ethics management programs in their companies that makes ethical business practices a top priority at all times. Top executives must lead by example and actively and willingly encourage ethical behavior in their peers as well as employees. The need for stronger ethics in business has prompted business schools to critically examine their business curricula and place greater teaching emphasis on ethics and social responsibility to ensure future generations of new business graduates enter the workforce with the highest moral standards. Keywords: ethics, social responsibility, malfeasance, business schools, business curricula Managing Ethical Decision Making in the Workplace Introduction Ensuring that the necessary steps are taken to create and foster a high level of ethics in the business practices of the workplace is critically...
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...Plagiarism in the Academic Environment Linda Williams Liberty University Abstract This paper discusses plagiarism in an academic environment. Intentional as well as unintentional plagiarism is rampant throughout academia. Plagiarism may be unintentional, such as an improperly cited source or an over abundance of paraphrasing, or intentional, such as presenting another’s work as one’s own. Due to the availability of works online plagiarism is a much greater problem and harder than ever to prove. Sites such as TurnItIn assist educators and students ensure work is original. The program produces an originality report after comparing the submitted work against millions of other submitted works. The penalty for plagiarism can range from a failing grade on the submitted work to expulsion from the academic institution. Liberty University has strict academic honesty policies in place. Any accusation of academic dishonesty will be thoroughly investigated. If proven the student will receive a failing grade in the course. Two failing grades for academic dishonesty will result in expulsion from the University as a violation of the Code of Conduct. Written appeals must be submitted within five business days. The Department Chair will compare all evidence from the instructor and student and make a decision as to whether the student can proceed in the course. Keywords: Plagiarism, academic dishonesty, prevention of plagiarism Plagiarism in the Academic Environment ...
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... Corporate Ethics What is a Code of Ethics? A code of ethics outlines a set of certain principles established by the corporation. These principles can be used both as the basis for requirements and limitations. Typically, a code of ethics is founded on a set of core principles or values and is not designed for expedience. These principles are illustrated with behavioral examples. Those subject to the code are expected to understand and apply the examples in situations the code does not specifically address. Organizations expect that the principles, once communicated and illustrated, will apply in every case, and that failure to apply the principles can be a cause for disciplinary action. How is a Code of Ethics Created? To create a code of ethics, an organization must define its most important guiding values, formulate behavioral standards to show the application of those values to the roles and responsibilities of the persons affected, review the existing procedures for guidance and direction as to how those values and standards are typically applied, and establish the systems and processes to ensure that the code is introduced and effective. Codes of ethics require lots of time to establish. Ideally, the development of a code will be a process in which Boards and senior management actively debate and decide core values, roles, responsibilities, expectations, and behavioral standards. Usually, codes of ethics are divided into five sections: 1....
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...MORAL COURAGE IN NURSING Objectives: 1. Recognize the characteristics of moral courage. 2. Discuss the concept of moral courage in nursing. 3. Identify steps to recognize moral courage. 4. Discuss strategies for developing moral courage. 5. List inhibitors of moral courage. 6. Ways to enhance the ability to demonstrate moral courage in nursing. 7. Describe organizational Structures that Support Moral Courage 8. Case studies "Stand up for what is right even if you stand alone." Anonymous Examples of unethical behaviors are seen today in academia, politics, sports, entertainment, banking, and the legal system. Healthcare professionals working in clinical practice, education, research, and administration are not immune to these unethical behaviors. They face ethical dilemmas on a regular basis. Shortages in the numbers of clinicians to deliver patient care, inadequate staffing levels, cost containment measures, consolidation of healthcare organizations and ineffective leadership have resulted in the escalation of ethical dilemmas nurses face today in healthcare environments. How individuals respond to these ethical dilemmas depends on their previous experiences with unethical behavior, their individual personality traits, their ethical values as well as their knowledge of ethical...
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...Code of Research Conduct and Research Ethics Code of Research Conduct and Research Ethics Foreword by Pro-Vice Chancellor Research The University of Nottingham‟s Code of Research Conduct and Research Ethics provides a comprehensive framework for good research conduct and the governance of all research carried out across the University. The Code underpins the University‟s commitment to maintaining the highest standards of integrity, rigour and excellence in all aspects of our research and for all research to be conducted according to the appropriate ethical, legal and professional frameworks and standards. The Code is a fundamental component of the research environment which is characterised by our culture of research integrity, good research practice, and the development and training of researchers at all stages of their careers. The Code outlines the duty of researchers including their responsibilities towards all participants and subjects of research including humans, animals, the environment and cultural materials, and it provides a basis for the transparent and appropriate communication and dissemination of research findings. The University welcomes the national framework for good research conduct and governance published as the Concordat to Support Research Integrity and endorses the Concordat as a recipient of public funding for research. This Code has been reviewed to be consistent with the commitments and aims of the Concordat and is the basis for applying...
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...have come to the fore at times of crisis. This essay will take a historical look at some of the people who have played an influential role in the development of policing in the UK and the USA and will ascertain whether the development of the police service in both countries can be attributed or compared to modern leadership models and behaviours. The essay will use historical evidence and will apply modern leadership models to ascertain the influence on the development of the Metropolitan Police service by Peel, Rowan and Mayne and the development of the American police service some 100 years later by Vollmer and Wilson. The models used include, in the case of Peel, Fiedler’s Contingency theory and Adair’s Functional Leadership. Ethical leadership will be used in respect of Vollmer and Wilson. The...
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...Developing Ethical Leadership R. Edward Freeman Lisa Stewart Featuring a Thought Leader Commentary™ with Steve Odland, Chairman and CEO, Office Depot, Inc. © 2006, Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics www.corporate-ethics.org Distribution Policy: Bridge Papers™ may only be displayed or distributed in electronic or print format for non-commercial educational use on a royaltyfree basis. Any royalty-free use of Bridge Papers™ must use the complete document. No partial use or derivative works of Bridge Papers™ may be made without the prior written consent of the Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics. A PDF version of this document can be found on the Institute Web site at: http://www.corporate-ethics.org/pdf/ethical_leadership.pdf Bridge PaPers™ Uniting best thinking with leading business practice. ContEnts Foreword .................................................................................................... 2 What is ethical Leadership ...................................................................... 2 Becoming an ethical Leader ..................................................................... 8 developing ethical Leaders ...................................................................... 9 Thought Leader Commentary™ with steve Odland ............................. 10 about the authors ................................................................................... 13 ForEworD what Is EthICaL LEaDErshIp...
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...Bridge PaPer ™ Developing Ethical Leadership R. Edward Freeman Lisa Stewart Featuring a Thought Leader Commentary™ with Steve Odland, Chairman and CEO, Office Depot, Inc. © 2006, Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics www.corporate-ethics.org Distribution Policy: Bridge Papers™ may only be displayed or distributed in electronic or print format for non-commercial educational use on a royaltyfree basis. Any royalty-free use of Bridge Papers™ must use the complete document. No partial use or derivative works of Bridge Papers™ may be made without the prior written consent of the Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics. A PDF version of this document can be found on the Institute Web site at: http://www.corporate-ethics.org/pdf/ethical_leadership.pdf Bridge PaPers™ Uniting best thinking with leading business practice. ContEnts Foreword ....................................................................................................2 What is ethical Leadership ......................................................................2 Becoming an ethical Leader .....................................................................8 developing ethical Leaders ......................................................................9 Thought Leader Commentary™ with steve Odland .............................10 about the authors ...................................................................................13 ForEworD The Business Roundtable...
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...Daniel Noguera Editorial Assistant: Ruth Belanger Sr. MarComm Manager: Jim Overly Marketing Manager: Clinton Kernen © 2009, 2006 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Academic Resource Center, 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Text Permissions Manager: Timothy Sisler ExamView® and ExamView Pro® are registered trademarks of FSCreations, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. used herein under license. Technology Project Editor: Rob Ellington © 2009 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Content Project Manager: Lysa Kosins Manufacturing Coordinator: Doug Wilke Production Service: PrePressPMG Sr. Art...
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...Mentoring is the social foundation of research. The mentor has the opportunity to draw the best from the junior person by acting as an adviser, teacher, role model, motivator, and supportive advocate. Mentoring is an ideal way to pass ethical and professional values to others in the field. Institutions that pursue long-term development and growth must foster an encouraging, jointly supportive environment. A key element in that cultivation process is creating a mutually respectful relationship between mentor and trainee. Learning Objectives After reading this module, you should be able to: * Clarify the roles and responsibilities of mentors and those that they mentor. * Provide guidance to assist all who participate in research to avoid problems and to optimize the mentoring experience. * Describe barriers to mentoring, particularly for women and minority researchers, and potential solutions to these barriers. * Describe the importance of mentoring and the way in which mentoring occurs. ------------------------------------------------- Foundation Mentoring is one of the primary means for one generation of researchers to impart their knowledge to the next generations. More than textbooks and formal classes, the relatively informal dimensions of research, including the relationship between mentor and trainee, prepare the next generation of professionals. In her 1977 speech at the Nobel Banquet, prizewinner Rosalyn Yalow addressed the students of Stockholm, identifying...
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...ETHICS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Third Edition This page intentionally left blank ETHICS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Third Edition George W. Reynolds Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Ethics in Information Technology, Third Edition by George W. Reynolds VP/Editorial Director: Jack Calhoun Publisher: Joe Sabatino Senior Acquisitions Editor: Charles McCormick Jr. Senior Product Manager: Kate Hennessy Mason Development Editor: Mary Pat Shaffer Editorial Assistant: Nora Heink Marketing Manager: Bryant Chrzan Marketing Coordinator: Suellen Ruttkay Content Product Manager: Jennifer Feltri Senior Art Director: Stacy Jenkins Shirley Cover Designer: Itzhack Shelomi Cover Image: iStock Images Technology Project Manager: Chris Valentine Manufacturing Coordinator: Julio Esperas Copyeditor: Green Pen Quality Assurance Proofreader: Suzanne Huizenga Indexer: Alexandra Nickerson Composition: Pre-Press PMG © 2010 Course Technology, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission...
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...berkeley.edu. Gill: Corporate Governance as Social Responsibility: A Research Agenda Corporate Governance as Social Responsibility: A Research Agenda By Amiram Gill* In the post-Enron years, corporate governance has shifted from its traditional focus on agency conflicts to address issues of ethics, accountability, transparency,and disclosure. Moreover, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has increasinglyfocused on corporate governance as a vehicle for incorporating social and environmental concerns into the business decision-making process, benefiting not only financial investors but also employees, consumers, and communities. Currently, corporate governance is being linked more and more with business practices and public policies that are stakeholder-friendly. This Article examines these developments and their impact on the formulation of a transnationalbody of legal norms by proceeding in three stages. First,the Article explores the recent transformations in the regulation of corporate governance and CSR and the shifts these two fields have experienced. Second, it reads these transformationsas a convergence, taking place against the backgroundof...
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...THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON CORPORATE IMAGE: A CASE STUDY OF PZ BY SOMEFUN DOLAPO OLUWASEYI ADP08/09/EX/MBA/0993 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA), OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE- IFE, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA OCTOBER 2010 CERTIFICATION I certify that this research study was carried out by Somefun Dolapo Oluwaseyi (ADP08/09/EX/MBA/0993) of the Department of Management and Accounting under my supervision, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. ______________________ _____________________ DR. Victor S. Alumona DATE PROJECT SUPERVISOR _____________________ ___________________ MBA CORDINATOR DATE DEDICATION This research study is dedicated to the glory of our Heavenly Father “ever faithful, ever sure” my help in ages past and my hope for years to come. I will also like to dedicate this study to my supportive sister, Mrs. Temitope Ojedele who gave all that I need to complete this course, and our lovely mum for her support and prayers all through the programme. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The extent to which people succeed in life depends on the Almighty God, self determination as well as those elements within the social and material environment. Therefore, one records success when God permits...
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