...David McClelland’s Theory of Achievement Motivation David McClelland (believes that the need for achievement is a distinct human motive that can be distinguished from other needs. One characteristic of achievement motivated people is that they see to be more concerned with personal achievement than with the rewards of success. He believes that they do not reject rewards but the rewards are not essential as the accomplishment itself. Both McClelland and Atkinson’s achievement and motivation theory was based on a personality characteristic that manifested as a dispositional need to improve and perform well according to a certain standard of excellence In order to assess people’s need for achievement, they used a projective instrument called the Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) that elicits unconscious processes. In this instrument, people are asked to write a story describing the thoughts, emotions and behaviors of a person in an ambiguous picture or drawing (for example, a child sitting in front of a violin). The stories are then coded for achievement-related content including indicators of competition, accomplishments, and commitment to achieve. This technique, labeled the Picture Story Exercise (PSE), was used in numerous studies that tested the relations of nAch with various indicators of performance. McClelland, David C. "The American Psychologist." July 1985. Reviews research that demonstrates the importance of motivation, incentive value, and probability of success...
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...Achievement Motivation Theory Stephanie Murphy Psych 320 03/23/14 Dr. James Moon Achievement Motivation Theory According to the Oxford dictionary (2014), motivation is defined as: “The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way”. There are many ways to view motivation: cognitive, social, physiological etc. Motivation is the number one driving force that individuals use to achieve goals and accomplishments. Motivational theory has experienced and evolved over the past few decades from one grand theory to more variable mini theories. At one time, only one theory was accepted; the drive theory. Currently the field is run by a gamut of beliefs and mini theories used to come up with the how’s and why’s of human motivation. Achievement Motivation Theory: John Atkinson’s theory is based off the belief that human beings and the motive to achieve comes from a fear of failure and is the driving force behind human motivation and success. In the workplace environment, there are many situations in which this theory is applicable; there are certain situations in which this theory would not apply or work for the individual involved. In the workplace culture, motivation is typically linked to productivity. If there is no motivation then there will be reduced or no productivity. Are the factors intrinsic or extrinsic? I believe for this particular theory, the driving forces that make this theory plausible are more intrinsic in nature; however, it can be extrinsic factors...
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...Achievement Motivation Theory Analysis University of Phoenix PHY/320 Elizabeth Riegner December 19, 2012 Achievement Motivation Theory Analysis Every manager has a theory on how to motivate employees to perform his or her job. One of the oldest motivational methods is the Carrot and Stick method, which is a combination of rewards and punishments to bring about a desired behavior. Although this method of motivation can still be found in one form or the other in many organizations today, managers are learning new methods of motivating employees. This paper will analyze two different job positions the author has held, and how the theory of achievement motivation would and would not be applicable to those job positions. The author will also analyze the need to develop and create new theoretical models of motivation in today's changing work environment. Theory of Achievement Motivation Atkinson's Achievement Motivation Theory suggests that some individuals have a greater need for achievement and success than other individuals. Those individuals that have a high need to achieve and be successful will take on more difficult tasks than those individuals that are not highly motivated to succeed. The following two workplace scenarios will show how the theory of achievement can affect employees. Workplace Scenario One One workplace scenario that works well with the achievement motivation theory is the Wal-Mart organization. Employees of Wal-Mart are paid by the hour; however...
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...There are dogs in my street Hiding behind the shadows of our sins ready to devour the next poor soul they have in sight shattering its humanity into a thousand pieces of regret and sorrow that will never be whole again “You took that side of the street knowing the consequences, You were asking for it, You revealed too much skin.. Don’t you know dogs can smell fresh meat? Don’t you know there are hungry dogs in your street?” There are ravenous dogs in our streets waiting for the first sign of meat Weakness hits them like cold water in the morning reverberating their bodies shaking their bones coming alive as they pounce on the girl whose fragile beating heart echoes through the night as she walks past the dark corners of her town Little girls are warned of these rascals little girls spend their lives avoiding these scoundrels their toe curling screams frozen in their throat ready to be freed at the first sight of movement in the shadows But slim to none are told what to do when the terror hits them “Just scream until someone hears you” they cover her mouth with theirs They tear at her pink flesh with force that breaks cement as their shred her clothing reducing her to her feeble nakedness Ripping her cross from her sacred chest and pluck the promise ring from her little finger promising that if she be a good girl she’ll enjoy it “don’t cry” they say “Stop being such a bitch and take it” As those words pierce through her being wrenching her soul ...
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...Explain the specific factors that contribute to achievement motivation and critically evaluate its affect on performance and on following an active and healthy lifestyle. Achievement motivation links personality with the degree of competitiveness shown by an individual, and has several factors that contribute towards it for example the probability of success, incentive value of success, personality and attribution. According to Atkins and McCelland there research concluded, that motivation is predicted through a combination of personality and situational factors. Firstly a situation comprises the probability of success this is to the extent to which success is likely, for example more likely that success will be achieved if task is easy, so performers with TAS behaviours would be more inclined to do the task, where as a TAF performer if the task is too difficult is more likely not to do the task as behaviour is likely. Another situational factor, which contributes to achievement motivation, is the incentive value of success, this is experienced by the individual after success has been achieved, for example the hard the task the higher the incentive value to succeed. Personality according to Atkns and McCelland, is also contributes towards achievement motivation., they stated that there are 2 personality types NACH or NAF, which performers develop in these situations. They believe taking into account the situational factors, a personality will either be High NACH which...
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...CHAPTER I Introduction This chapter includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, hypothesis, conceptual framework, definition of terms used, significance of the study and the scope and limitations. Background of the Study Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the influence of Study Habits in the Academic Performance of First Year Bachelor of Elementary Education students at Western Visayas College of Science and Technology during first semester, Academic Year 2014-2015. Specifically, this study will seek answer to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of respondents when grouped according to sex, income of the parents, birth order, library use, and place of residence while in school? 2. What are the study habits of first year students as a whole or grouped according to sex, income of the parents, birth order, library use, and place of residence while in school? 3. What are the academic performance of first year students as a whole or grouped according to sex, income of the parents, birth order, library use, and place of residence while in school? 4. Is there a significant difference between the study habits and academic performance of first year BEED students? 5. Is there a significant relationship between the study habits and academic performance of first year BEED students? Hypothesis of the Study To answer the aforementioned questions, the researchers tested the following null hypotheses. There is...
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...share typical traits but are, at the same time, unique. Everyone is driven by power, love, and achievement, but “different needs are dominant in different people” (Nelson and Quick 157). In essence, different things make us tick. I appreciate this humanistic approach to understanding motivation because it looks at what’s on the inside. It challenges us to realize there’s more than meets the eye. “McClelland maintains that each of us has a Motivation Profile” (Forbes 64). But, what does this mean in the real world…in the business world? I think, it inspires leaders to refrain from operating on “auto pilot” and instead take a more engaged approach to management. This ensures greater situational awareness — or in our case what I’ll call personality awareness, thereby, uncovering the dominant needs or motivating forces that dictate people’s behavior. People who are driven by the need for achievement are concerned with “issues of excellence, competition, challenging goals, persistence, and overcoming difficulties” (Nelson and Quick 157). They tend to outperform others and take great pleasure in the doing…in the work itself. Achievement-motivated individuals are goal setters who seek the middle ground. They are not risk-takers but rather aggressive realists (The Three Basic Approaches to Improving Productivity: David C. McClelland 2). Furthermore, people with a high need for achievement want feedback, specifically job-related feedback (The Three Basic Approaches to Improving Productivity:...
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...School Context, Student Attitudes and Behavior, and Academic Achievement: An Exploratory Analysis Theresa M. Akey, Ph.D. January 2006 This paper was funded by the William T. Grant Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Principal funding for First Things First comes from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Additional support to supplement the core project comes from the Ford Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the William T. Grant Foundation, and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. A grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts for MDRC’s research methodology initiatives was an important source of funding for the First Things First Classroom Observation Study. Dissemination of MDRC publications is supported by the following funders that help finance MDRC’s public policy outreach and expanding efforts to communicate the results and implications of our work to policymakers, practitioners, and others: Alcoa Foundation, The Ambrose Monell Foundation, The Atlantic Philanthropies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Open Society Institute, and The Starr Foundation. In addition, earnings from the MDRC Endowment help sustain our dissemination efforts. Contributors to the MDRC Endowment include Alcoa Foundation, The Ambrose Monell Foundation, Anheuser-Busch Foundation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Ford Foundation, The George Gund Foundation, The Grable Foundation...
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...CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reading Reading is a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency and motivation. It is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practice, development and refinement. Reading is making meaning from print, it requires that we: i. Identify the words in print – a process called word recognition. ii. Construct an understanding from them – a process called comprehension. iii. Coordinate identifying words and making meaning so that reading is automatic and accurate – an achievement called fluency. Sometimes you can make meaning from print without being able to identify all the words. Sometimes you can identify words without being able to construct much meaning from them. Sometimes you can identify words and comprehend them, but if the processes don’t come together smoothly, reading will still be a labored process. Reading in its fullest sense involves weaving together word recognition and comprehension in a fluent manner. These three processes are complex and each is important. i. To develop word recognition...
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...DAVID MARTINEZ SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS ▪ 10 years experience as an army medic in hospital, clinical, and deployed environments. ▪ Highly motivated and dedicated to achieve set goals ▪ Ability to remain calm and work well under demanding conditions ▪ Nationally registered EMT-B ¬ EDUCATION Brown Mackie College, San Antonio, Texas ¬Associates, Health Care Administration, (Expected Graduation 8/2013) ¬ ¬Colorado Technical University, Colorado Springs, Colorado ¬Associates, Liberal Arts (2008) PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE United States Army May 2001 - April 2011 Health Care Non Commissioned Officer in Charge ▪ Supervised, mentored, coached, and counseled over 20 military and civilian personnel ▪ Conducted quarterly equal opportunity training to over 300 personnel ▪ Supervised clinical activities and responsible for serviceability of assigned equipment in area of responsibility ▪ Responsible and accountable for over 500,000 dollars of medical equipment and supplies with zero loss ▪ First line supervisor of the largest medical in-processing center on the largest military installation of the Armed Forces ¬ Health Care Team Lead ▪ Provided emergency care to soldiers and civilians in both combat and civilian settings ▪ Performed emergency diagnostic and treatment procedures including immobilization, stomach suction, airway management, heart monitoring, and medication administration ▪ Operated EKG's, external defibrillators, and bag-valve...
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...is obtained and subsequently evaluated, and scored using a standardized process.” Furthermore, Hogan stated that a test is a systematic and standardized qualification procedure or device that produces information about behavior, and cognitive processes, and measures a sample of behavior rather than an extensive examination of the variety of individual’s behaviors Describe the major categories of tests and identify the major uses of these tests. The major categories of psychological tests are, mental ability, achievement, personality, interests and attitudes, and neuropsychological tests. Mental ability tests measure cognitive functions, such as intelligence, memory, spatial visualization, and creative thinking. Achievement tests assess capability within certain areas of expertise, and sometimes include assessments of reading, math, science, and social studies, at the same time identify more specific achievement. Personality tests are designed to produce information about personality and are most widely applied of all psychological tests. These tests compare an individual’s responses to different clinical groups for similarity, and sometimes measure depression, eating disorders, pathological or disabling conditions, or fascinations of the human personality. Interests and attitudes tests include vocational interest...
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...Psychological Testing Tabitha Taney PSY/475 September 18, 2013 Maggie Boone Psychological Testing There are tests of every type that most people will have to take throughout their lives. There are driving tests, tests to get into college, tests in all varieties of schools and even in the workplace, when being hired or promoted. There are also tests in the world of psychology, including testing in schools and the workplace. Psychological testing will be defined, with a few different varying descriptions from a few sources, since there is not just one definition for this type of test. The major categories of tests will be described and the major uses and users of these tests will be identified. The concepts of reliability and validity will be compared and contrasted, and how they both impact the field of psychological testing will be discussed. Definition of the term “test” “The glossary of the authoritative Standards for Educational and Psychology Tests,” according to our textbook, “says that a test is an evaluative device or procedure in which a sample of an examinee’s behavior in a specified domain is obtained and subsequently evaluated and scored...
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...At any position, employee or manager, it is important to realize that the key asset to an organization is the team of people who work for it. Whether the project succeeds or fails is entirely in the hands of the team working to achieve the desired outcome. This means that in order to produce a successful project, the team working on the project must be successful as well. It is the project manager’s job to make sure that the project is staying on schedule and that each task is being completed as planned. It is also within the project manager’s role to oversee the project team and provide good human resource management on projects. In order to provide a team with good human resource management, the project manager must keep employees confident and motivated and be successful in mentoring areas of conflict. As the manager of a project, you should expect to be working with people of a variety of different skill types. You’re going to have people who are very capable at certain things and you are also going to have people who are capable of doing many things whose jobs might vary. As project schedules can be somewhat hectic at times, it is important to make sure there are qualified people working on each part of the project and that each person knows exactly what their objectives are and what is expected of them. As project manager, if the project fails, you are responsible. Maintaining a good relationship with the project team as well as making sure they are capable of successfully...
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...E: Steps involved in selection process (1) Application Blank—The application blank is invariably used as one of the selection tools. The applications are the starting point of the selection process. Where application forms i.e., application blanks are used the data can become a part of the employee's record is hired. Further it provides factual information needed for evaluating the candidate's suitability. Application blank contains written record of the following informations: (a) Identifying Information—Such a family background, date and place of birth, age, sex. height, citizenship, marital status etc. (b) Information regarding Education—It includes information, his academic career, subjects taken at various school certificate and degree levels, grade, division or place awarded in school and college, technical qualification etc. © Information regarding Experience—Giving full details of past jobs such as nature of work, job responsibilities, periods involved, designations, salaries with allowances, reasons for leaving the present assignment etc. (d) Expected salaries and allowances and other fringe benefits. (e) Information regarding Community Activities consisting of details regarding extra-curricular activities, hobbies, positions. 2. Preliminary Interview—Preliminary or initial interview is often held in case of "at the gate" candidates. This interview is usually of a short duration and is aimed at obtaining certain basic information with a view to identifying...
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...possible that the psychologists might make a mistake that could ruin their research. Through this course it will be explained the different assumption and questions that psychologists look at during their research. Psychological Tests “Psychological tests are written, visual, or verbal evaluations administered to assess the cognitive and emotional functioning of children and adults. Psychological tests are used to assess a variety of mental abilities and attributes, including achievement and ability, personality, and neurological functioning” (Psychological Tests, 2012). Some examples of psychological tests include; mental ability, achievement, personality, interests and attitudes, and neurological. Some of the context that these tests include; clinical, educational, research, and personal. Within these tests it is crucial that the information provided to individuals is true and accurate (or valid and reliable). Achievement Tests According to The Free Dictionary (2012), for children, academic achievement, ability, and intelligence tests may be used as a tool in school placement, in determining the presence of a learning disability or a developmental delay, in identifying giftedness, or in tracking intellectual development. Intelligence testing may be used with adults to determine vocational ability (e.g., in career counseling) or to assess adult intellectual...
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