...Introduction Today we will introduce three key themes that will recur throughout the course. 1. Strategy requires making trade-offs 2. Which trade-offs are the right ones depends on the firm’s context 3. A well-defined strategy tells you both what to say yes to and what to say no to An introduction to strategy * M. Porter, “What is Strategy?” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 74, Nov/Dec 1996, pp. 39-73. (Study.net case packet only) Operational effectiveness is not sustainable – it can be imitated (pushing industry wide productivity frontier outward) and results in competitive convergence (no relative improvement). Strategic positioning, on the other hand, achieves sustainable competitive advantage by performing different activities or similar activities in different ways. Three key principles: Deliver greater/comparable value at lower cost – establish the different from rival and preserve. If compete purely on operational effectiveness, consumers and suppliers might end up capturing the value (lower cost, lower price). It’s all about the DIFFERENT IN ACTIVITIES performed to align with the needs of the target customer; difference in targeted customer itself doesn’t cut the difference. E.g. Southwest airline serves no meals, have automated ticketing, and have more frequent departures when compared with full-service big airlines. IKEA has no serviceman (self-service), no large customization choices, no third party manufacturer. First strategic position – few...
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...students. Inclusive education for persons with disability can be striven for through a structural re-organisation of the school based on the principle of integration rather than segregation. Some of the most basic steps which can be taken in this direction include special infrastructure to ensure a friendly physical and social environment that takes into view the physical and cognitive capabilities of all children; to provide for specialised and trained teachers equipped to deal with different kinds of disability; along with learning and teaching aids for children and teachers. It also requires one to think in terms of a curriculum which fosters a respect for difference and facilitates equitable student participation. This means that all acitivities, learning and play are planned keeping in view a diverse range of interests and abilities. Differences are then seen not as problems that need to be fixed but as an integral part of any learning and teaching environment. For effective integration, schools should provide for special classes with special educators that deal with the specific and individual needs or learning difficulties of students. To ensure that all students are emotionally well adjusted and comfortable in their school environment, a counseling facility during and after school hours for students and parents can be made available. The idea of inclusive education is intrinsically linked to the project of social inclusion both within, outside and after school. And therefore...
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...Criteria for Happiness This article entitled “Criteria for Happiness in Nicomachean Ethics and X 6-8 “ , it foundation is based on Aristotle’s’ criteria for what is to count as human happiness. According to Aristotle happiness for a man is self-sufficient, complete without qualification, peculiar to humans, excellent and best and most complete. The ethical issues that are present in this article is the comparison between the I 7 and the X 6-8 . I 7 criteria implies that there is only one activity which is happiness and one happy life whereas X 8-6 there are two happy lives and therefore two activities which meet the criteria of happiness. The ethical alternatives include where Aristotle retains the CA version of the peculiarity criterion while changing his view of human nature , which means that when a person is his or he nous then contemplation exercises the only human ability. Another alternative is that self sufficiency does mean ‘ that which is sufficient for a man by himself’ According to Aristotle he ignores the distinction between goods of lowest completeness and goods of intermediate completeness because this distinction is considered irrelevant to hispresent purpose. Under completeness moral action is also said to be a intermediate completeness. An alternative to contemplation is happiness and is an unwelcome conclusion for an inclusivist. Aristotle abandons the I 7 peculiarity and he denies that contemplation is peculiar to humans when he observes that God contemplates...
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...Ans a: Qh = 205.2 – 200*Ph + 100*Pc + 0.023*A + 0.0005*I Interpret the coefficients in the estimated regression. The quanitity of hamburgers purchased is defined by the demand curve produced by the estimated regression equation The Y axis intercept ( The point where the demand curve crosses the y-axis) of 205.2 may or may not have any meaning or value in this analysis The coefficient of the hamburger’s price affects the quantity of the hamburger in a negative manner. An increase of one unit (one dollar) of the price of the hamburger will decrease the quantity of demand by 200 units (Quantity of hamburger purchased) The coefficient of the price of the chicken affects the quantity of the hamburger in a positive manner. When the price of chicken increases, then the customers will tend to substitute it with hamburgers in their meals. Hence, an increase of one dollar in the price of the chicken will increase the quantity of the hamburgers purchased by 100 units By increasing the advertising the quanitity of the hamburgers purchased will increase. For every 1000 dollars of advertising the quantity of demand increases by 23 If the household disposable income increases by $10,000 the quantity of demand of the hamburgers increases by 5 Ans b: When Ph is $1.00, Pc is $1.20, A is $5,000 and I is $20,000 the Qh will be: Qh = 205.2 – 1*(200) + 1.2*(100) + 0.023* (5000) + 0.0005*(20,000) = 205.2-200+120+115-10 = 230.2 The forecasted demand under the above conditions...
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...A city is defined as a dense settlement, a labyrinth of activities (Economical, Political and Social, Technological). It is a product of industrialisation and significantly linked to urbanization, the foundation of building a city. Urbanization has two aspects surrounding it, a demographic approach which is the rural-urban transition and a socio-cultural attribute, which explains thoughts, adaptation and a conglomerate of cultures within society. The above picture displays Toronto by night. I shall use the above mentioned acitivities as the fundamental concepts of expounding my understanding. Commecing with Economical activity, cities have become hubs of financial functioning, a center for trade and a catalyst of growth. In the above picture, since it shows the wide expanse of Bay Street, a lot of the tall buildings house major banks, investment firms and MNCs that deal in world-wide trade and investments. The idea of having an attractive Toronto, makes room for a lot of trade, perhaps that’s why we can notice a lot of shops in the background. Also, having a successful financial portfolio, Toronto is able to entice people from all over the world, a call for Socio- Cultural diversity. In the background, a lot of buildings are residential complexes, and as Toronto’s metropolitan concentration soars, the city begins to scale new vertical heights. At the far end of the picture, a new building is being constructed, it articulates that a city may not have boundaries, the urban...
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...Blue Spider Problem: Gary was given the opportunity to be the Project Manager because of his R&Dbackground, but he doesn’t have the experience or skills to manage a project. Technicalbackground itself will not make an efficient project manager. Major Issues: 1. Gary focused too much on R&D works or administrative paper works without abalance.2. Error on financial planning.3. No standby schedule when the formal one was interrupted by predictably possiblechanges.4. Lack of communication with the Lord since the beginning which leaded to cost morethan double time on communication after that.5. Gary can not find Gable when he needed support. And Gable intervene the projectseveral times without noticing Gary, which makes the project management worksmore chaos, it leaded to reschedule or re-do works at the last minute. Recommendations: 1. Paul’s job is to take most responsibility for the R&D works. Additional staff can takeresponsibility for additional administrative paper works. Gary can spend most of histime on managing the whole project through managing other people.2. Discussion with Elliot will be useful before submitting any plan to top managers.3. Make a standby schedule for different stages and hand out to every department withthe formal schedules. Standby schedule can be made based on slack time or differenttime for specific task.4. Meet with Lord at every stage of the project. Can use electronic detailed schedule andtask sheets and...
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...Critical Play Analysis: A Raisin in the Sun 1. Thought/Theme/Ideas When reading a play, it is often difficult to obtain understanding and describe the theme. This particular play, A Raisin in the Sun, allowed for the meaning of the play to be conveyed through the characters. After completing the read, the play seemed to reveal that family is most important in life. In all of the stresses and events that take place within each person’s life, it is hard to become side-tracked on the family aspect of life. Throughout this play, money seemed to be the struggling conflict; the husband of Lena passed away and money was left over for the family. With the Youngers being a lower income family they were wanting to utilize the money for different purposes. Their lives are quite difficult in addition to them living a neighborhood that is experiencing some racial issues. Lena, the mother, was watering her plant everyday in hopes that it would prosper into something (pg. 28) By doing so, it showed that she was determined and committed to dreams and aspirations while the rest of the family were in conflict over the use of the 10K. While money is important in the everyday activities of life, it is not the most important aspect. If one does not have anyone to share the experience with, what is the use of the money. It would be best to let the money decide its purpose on its own (bills) rather than having everyone else deciding it individually; relationships can be destroyed that...
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...Acitivity in Netherlands Jul 2009 Jan 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Growth % of total NL Uniques NL (x duizend) 12007 11940 11927 11922 11928 0.05% 100.00% Hyves 7110 7572 7692 7818 7946 1.64% 66.62% Facebook 1892 3302 3717 4530 4658 2.83% 39.05% Windows Live 8478 8278 8598 3.87% 72.08% YouTube 7841 8094 3.23% 67.86% Netlog 487 362 410 515 523 1.55% 4.38% LinkedIn 1388 1686 1830 1761 1737 -1.36% 14.56% Twitter 1190 1729 1923 1901 2186 14.99% 18.33% Minutes NL (x miljoen) 18994 24485 24943 22796 22458 -1.48% 100.00% Hyves 1680 1966 2158 2019 2060 2.03% 9.17% Facebook 48 142 198 235 261 11.06% 1.16% Windows Live 216 109 96 -11.93% 0.43% YouTube 1244 1043 -16.16% 4.64% Netlog 30 18 15 17 19 11.76% 0.08% LinkedIn 18 37 51 42 38 -9.52% 0.17% Twitter 12 29 32 38 40 5.26% 0.18% Minutes/unique visitor 1582 2051 2,091 1,912 1,883 -1.53% Hyves 236 260 281 258 259 0.39% Facebook 25 43 53 52 56 8.01% Windows Live 13 11 -15.20% YouTube 159 129 -18.78% Netlog 45 50 37 33 36 10.06% LinkedIn 13 22 28 24 22 -8.27% Twitter 10 17 17 20 18 -8.46% Average daily uniques (x duizend) 7328 9823 10529 10271 9474 -7.76% 100.00% Hyves 2300 2956 3068 2930 2877 -1.84% 30.37% Facebook 228 566 678 794 837 5.14% 8.83% Windows Live 3871 3517 3318 -6.00% 35.02% YouTube 2056 2092 1.72% 22.08% Netlog 41 37 39 52 51 -1.96% 0.54% LinkedIn 126 183 338 280 237 -18.14% 2.50% Twitter 95 188 214 223 249 10.44% 2.63% Total visits NL (x duizend) 722605 966553...
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...According to the information in the Encarta encyclopedia, many Americans, besides me, have asthma and that number has increased dramatically in the last 20 years. “ More than 17 million Americans suffer from asthma, with nearly 5 million cases occurring in children under age 18. In the United States, asthma causes 5,500 deaths each year… Among all Americans, the prevalence of asthma increased more than 60 percent between 1982 and 1994.” (1) The management of asthma is a health issue for many people besides me. As a result of my research I have found that I can manage my asthma and live a full, active life by minimizing the effects of environmental factors that can trigger asthma episodes, following my physician’s instructions about medications and by sticking to an exercise program Numerous substances can trigger an asthma attack of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Allergens constitute the largest category of triggers (Abramowicz). According to Susan Berg, “Allergens are substances that produce an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to them.” Common allergens are pollens from plants, animal dander, dust mites, mold and mildew (23). Dr. Anders said we would do a series of skin tests for allergies right away. If I am allergic to certain triggers, allergy shots will help by desensitizing me to them, making them less likely to trigger an episode (Anders). If I am allergic to certain pollens, I can reduce the chances of an asthma episode by...
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...How Does Information Systems Support Business Processes CIS/207 May 1, 2012 How Does Information Systems Support Business Processes Information systems is a integrated set of components for collecting, storing and processing data ad for delivering information, knowledge, and digital products. Businesses reley on information systems to carry out and manage their operations, interact with their customers and suppliers, and compete in the marketplace (Zwass, 2012). Most business organizations are becoming more and more dependent on information systems to manage and maintain their internal organization infracstructures. It is necessity to maintain up-to-date, complete and accurate information to stay competitive in the changing world. Organizations utilize many types of information systems to assist in their daily operations. Some typical functional systems within an organization are human resources, accounting and finance, sales and marketing, operations, and manufacturing. Within these functions information systems play a various roles, such as in human resources, information system duties may include recruiting and training while in operations some duties may include order management and customer service. In other words business processesses are the ways in which organizations perform different tasks. Therefore it is very important to analyze business processes in order to determine how the information system can support that process. ...
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...DEVELOPMENT OF MIS Project 1 On Problem Statement for Online Banking Systems Submitted By:- Vanitha Reddy Pannla 1687324 Online banking is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a financial institution to conduct financial transactions on a website operated by the institution, such as a retail bank, virtual bank, credit union or building society. To access a financial institution's online banking facility, a customer with Internet access would need to register with the institution for the service, and set up a password and other credentials for customer verification. The credentials for online banking is normally not the same as for telephone banking. Financial institutions now routinely allocate customers numbers, whether or not customers have indicated an intention to access their online banking facility. Customers' numbers are normally not the same as account numbers, because a number of customer accounts can be linked to the one customer number. The customer number can be linked to any account that the customer controls, such as cheque, savings, loan, credit card and other accounts. Customers create a username and password to login to the system. For example:- The above image is the chase bank online banking system home page. On the right hand side you can see the log in to the account using a user name and password. To access online banking, a customer visits the financial institution's secure website, and enters the online banking facility...
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...Total direct labour hours 60,000 Cost for direct materials and direct labour for one unit of each product are given below: Deluxe Standard Direct materials....................................................... $25 $17 Direct labour ( at $12 per DLH)............................... $60 $48 Manufacturing overhead costs total $800,000 each year. The breakdown of these costs among the company’s six activity cost pools is given below. The activity measures are shown below. Activities & Activity Measure Estimated Overhead Expected Acitivity Cost Deluxe Standard Total Labour related (direct labour hours) $80,000 10,000 40,000 50,000 Machine Setups (number of setups) $150,000 3,000 2,000 5,000 Part administration (number of parts) $160,000 50 30 80 Production orders (number of orders) $70,000 100 300 400 Materials receipts (number of receipts) $90,000 150 600 750 General factory (machine-hours) $250,000 12,000 28,000 40,000 $800,000 Required: 1. Explain what is meant by Unit–level, Batch-level, Facility-level, and Product-level activity and classify each of O.T company activities as either unit-level, batch-level, facility-level or product-level activity. 2. Assume that the company applies...
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...Teen Pregnancy Before we venture into the controversial aspects of teen pregnancy, I think that it is imortant to answer a vital question brought up by one of our classmates. This question addresses how teen pregnancy has evolved and how times have changed to bring upon such a serious issue. To begin answering this question we must take a look back in time to the roles of women and men in our society. Teen pregnancy is not just a rare virus that has recently sprung up and will someday dissapear due to some type of cure. Adolescent pregnancy has plagued our country for over three centuries, but it is only more recently that we have noticed its growth and severe impact on many aspects of society. The social change that lead to this visibility is not only based on a change in sexual behaviors, but it also is based on a change in the nature of adolescence. These changes begin with the decling of the average age of menarche. The average age for menarche in girls ten years ago was 14.2; this age has dropped by two years since then. The average age for menarche today is 12.2. This statistic suggests that since girls are capable of having children at younger ages they are also more apt to have sex at a younger age. The social changes that effect these statistics deal with the raising of the average age of marriage, standard attitudes towards marriage as a sacred institution, and economic shifts which have led to a need for longer educational careers. These changes have produced...
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...PRESCHOOL Just look at this→think of examples for all of them Chapter 7: Physical & Cognitive Development • Growth & ability of the body Right/ left handedness emerges early Bone ossification Gross motor skills • Brain lateralization—certain cognitive functions are located more in 1 hemisphere of brain than other→ become more pronounced during preschool years o Right vs. Left hemisphere specialization • Left hemisphere- speaking, reading, thinking & reasoning • Right Hemisphere- Spatial relationships, pattern recognition & emotional expression (global processing) o What are examples of skills associated with the right and left hemisphere? o Some specialization of each hemisphere, BUT each can perform most tasks of the other. EX: right hemisphere does some language processing and does important role in language comprehension • Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development (early childhood: 2—6) o Children at this time increase in use of symbolic thinking, mental reasoning, use of concepts.. Representational thought • EX: seeing moms car keys(symbol) prompts u to ask “are we going to the store?” • Primarily defined by limitations. Characterized by centration o Aren’t capable of operations→ organized/formal mental process that develops in school-aged children o Confuses own POV w/ others & cant consider multiple characteristics of stuff o Period of centration- concentrating on 1 limited aspect of stimulus & ignoring other stimulus. (EX: a cat w/ dog...
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...Graduat nurses should feel the responsibility mentoring and coaching should be a core competeant of core competent are . Coaching and mentoring are the foundation of prociding quality competent nurses, particularly at a graduate level. Mentoring coachin illicits effective decision making, collaborative administration of care and a relationship of trust. With those who are being mentored/coached. As a graduate level nurse mentoring/coaching are elements that are essential to mentoring issues and --------thins that need to be changed. Mentors/coaches monitor competancies building of the desires of a leader/coach encouraging and empowering individuals being coached to succeed in the task(s) at hand. Mentors/coaches helps to develop the skills that are required to handle a variety of situations. As indicated in the text------------“ Coaches and mentor’s are the key to the development of leaders of tomorrow and such tools could meet the acknowledged training and developmental needs of nurses, while expanding the role of senior management and their links with those who deliver patient services. As indicated in the text APN’s skill in expert coaching and guidiance will be central to efforts to redesign and transform healthcare system to become more patient-centered.The text goes on to say that teaching and coaching are recognized as core competiencies of APN’S By the time that one has reached the level of becoming a graduate level nurse, their skills and expertise are used to assist...
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