...connection * Device needed: pc, laptop, cellphone with built in wireless card that can server as a wireless hotspot * Another would be via USB dongle with sin card capable for GSM connection like 3G or LTE * devised on sunglasses or reading glasses with voice command * internet access that can be seen in your peripheral vision and can be access through brain waves. you just need some implant in the brain * IMT-Advance" which have a theoretical max speed if 1 gbit /Second 2. What is an IP address? * IP address - a unique identifier assigned to your PC in a network connection * Internet Protocol address is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. Source: Wikipedia a. How do you know your computer’s IP address? * command prompt then ipconfig * if you have a virtual network computing (vnc) icon, you can hover on it to see your IP address b. How do you know you are behind a firewall? * if you cannot access sites like facebook and twitter in a certain location like the office but you can do...
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...Abraham Lincoln: The Gettysburg Address (1863) At the centre of all that Americans value is freedom. This includes political, religious, economic and personal freedom etc., and many Americans regard their society as the best and freest society in the world. Freedom is a value that is deeply rooted in the history of the country, as it goes back to the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and later also the U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights. The ideal in these is that liberty and equality go hand in hand, but this is not always the case. The American Civil War is one the greatest examples on this. The war had its roots in the question about slavery, and it ended up costing the lives of more Americans than all of the U.S.’s subsequent wars together. On the afternoon of November 19 1863, four months after one of the Civil Wars bloody fights, the president at that time, Abraham Lincoln, holds a speech in which he encourages the people of America to end the war. Furthermore, he reminds the audience of the ideals on which America was founded, and how the Civil War is threatening them. Last but not least, Lincoln honors the fallen and encourages people to finish their unfinished work. Abraham Lincoln frames his speech in a historical perspective and introduces two of the most important American values already in his first sentence of his speech. “Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition...
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...With the rapid development of the Internet in recent years, in twenty-first Century, the society presented a number of important features of digital, network and information technology, it is a network as the core of the information age. To realize the information, we must rely on the perfect network, because the network will be very rapid transmission of information, and to improve the network will have to improve the construction of the network Ip address database. Because the Internet is based on the Ip address, each Ip has its physical location in theory. In the IP address of the library to do better with sina, Taobao, Tencent, pure, and 17MON and foreign IP library very much, but most famous is maxmind, they are the IP data were good collection management. This paper designed to achieve the independent Ip address library construction, through their own design procedures for the Ip address of the grab, parse, and will meet the requirements of the Ip data saved to the Mysql database. The system data sources are divided into two parts, one part is to grab the spider to grab the data through the program operation, there is a part of the artificial way to collect Ip data. In order to ensure the data coverage and accuracy for the system is operated for a long time, the spiders crawl data capture enough data, and some redundant data from databases are merged in order to improve the query efficiency of the database. This design is based on the use of Maven management projects through...
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...Analysis: The Gettysburg Address One of the greatest and memorable battles in the American Civil War in the 1860s is called The Battle of Gettysburg. Over 8000 soldiers died and were buried in temporary graves without any dignity. That’s why they were reburied at the Gettysburg National Cemetery in July 1863. Edward Everett the main orator, orated for 2 hours at the dedication of the cemetery and reflected all of the details of the battle, whereas President Abraham Lincoln held a very short speech within 2 minutes, which today is the most memorable speech in the world. Its structure and message is so striking and timeless that even students at high schools have to learn it by heart. He starts his speech at the very first beginning, namely when the United States were found in 1776 with the Declaration of Independence, which he even quotes saying “that all men are created equal”. This gives his speech a good basic and foundation to rely on and picks up the idea of a great, equal nation, that contradicts by having fought such a war. However that may be, by saying they were all created equal he honors the fallen soldiers, as they honored this value as well and died for it. So you might say the civil war was fought to secure the American values such as freedom and equality. After that he goes on with talking about the present. He perceives the civil war as being a test “whether that nation can long endure”. And for him it seems like we passed the test, as many soldiers gave up...
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...internet the Internet community in five address classes. These classes were defined in order to accommodate networks of varying sizes. TCP/IP supports class A, B, and C addresses assigned to hosts. These classes define which bits are used for the network ID and which bits are used for the host ID. It also defines the possible number of networks and the number of hosts per network. Class A addresses are assigned to networks that have a very high number of hosts. The first 8-bits make up the network ID while the remaining 24-bits are used to define the host ID. This affords a network with class A addresses to have up to 126 unique networks and over 16,000,000 hosts per network. This is the largest address class in respect to hosts and compared to class B addresses. Addresses in the B class are assigned to networks that are medium to large in size. The first two bits are always assigned to binary 1 and 0, while the remainder of bit completing the first octet as well as the second are used to define the network ID. The following and remaining 14-bits are used to define the ID of the hosts. There are 16,384 networks that are allowed in this class and 65,534 hosts per network. This class has close to an even amount of networks to hosts per network ratio. Whereas class C addresses give you more networks than hosts. A class C address is assigned to networks that are small and don’t have very many hosts. The first three bits of this address class are assigned the binary code 1 1 0...
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...In order to properly address the Infrastructure upgrade of the Kamazon Network our group decided that an appropriate ip address schema that will take into account the idea that people will be using more than just a desktop computer. They will have tablets, laptops, departmental printers, and smart phones. This is also based upon the understanding that every Department will have at least two printers for the staff and one for the Manager/Supervisor or VP of that Department. So with that being said, we estimated that could be at least three or more accurately four ip addresses per employee. So we multiplied the number of users per department by the number of estimated devices that each employee will be using. With the rationale in mind of estimating that there would be at least 4 possible devices per user, plus three possible printers per department, and the addition of a Wireless Access Point on the Management floor, network hardware which should include the printers we previously mentioned, one router for the LAN and WAN connections, a wireless access point, 12 printers for the entire organizations printing needs, and 5 servers We determined that there had to be one File and Print server, A Directory server that is also running DNS and DHCP, an E-commerce/Database server, a Web Proxy server and a Web server. It is understood that these servers are not part of the project plan per se, but by establishing an entirely new ip address schema we must address the number of servers...
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...IP Addresses Classes and Special-Use IP Address Space The A, B, C IP address classes were first introduced in the 1970s as the original routing scheme to organize IP addresses into manageable, recognizable chunks. They were designed to signify different sizes of networks. Class A was for large networks that didn’t need many networks but instead needed a lot of hosts. Class B was medium sized with more networks but less hosts. Class C was for small organizations that needed many networks but few hosts. This system worked well until the 1990s when, due to demand, a classless system was developed called the CIDR (classless inter domain routing) system. CIDR allows for a more flexible allocation and customization of a network’s routing system. The address spaces are as follows: Class A’s first octet ranges from 1 to 126 Class B’s first octet ranges from 128 to 191 Class C’s first octet ranges from 192 to 223 Class D’s first octet ranges from 226 to 239 and are multicast addresses comprised of either pull or push types. A first octet that starts with 127, 224 and 225 are reserved for government use and testing. RFC 1918 IP address ranges are private and can be used within any network to subnet or expand their network. They will never go over the internet and are automatically dropped by any router connected to the internet. They are as follows: Class A = 10.0.0.1 through 10.255.255.254 Class B = 172.16.0.1 through 172.31.255.254 Class C = 192.168.0.1 through 192.168...
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...Unit 1 Exercise 1 IP address scenario There are many factors involved in this scenario. For example, the building may lend itself to certain network designs. You may have multiple floors or a single floor. Multiple data closets or just one. You may have virtualized servers or desktops. You will want to accommodate all these into your design. 50% may seem like too much now, but realistically, 200 or 300% might be more acurate. A simple design you can consider is 1 floor with a single data closet serving 150 users. You need: A core network Networks for your firewall, dmz, remote vpn clients, etc switch mgmt network server network voice network wireless network networks for other services you have not yet identified, like security, cameras, fire, door, video, etc You should have multiple domain servers and dhcp servers While you can get away with using high end switches for dhcp, a couple windows servers will do the trick and give more insight when you are troubleshooting Most systems can get along with dhcp, so that is fine, (some older systems still need host files) but there are support benefits to statically assigned addresses. In any case, you will want reserved space in these networks for your network devices, ie. vlans, redundant or clustered systems, etc. For you design, you could use the 10.1.0.0 address space using /21 (10.1.0.1 - 10.1.7.254) Your netmask on the devices will be 255.255.255.0 Reserve the first and last 20 or so addresses in each dhcp...
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...Rhetoric Essay In Abraham Lincoln’s speech, The Gettysburg Address,he inspires morale and motivation to the Union soldiers through the use of rhetorical devices such as diction, repetition, ethos, and concession. Lincoln in two to three minutes managed to honor those who had fallen, justify the reasons behind the Civil war, establish the principles upon this nation was founded upon, and influenced soldiers to finish what they have started. To bring unity between the North and South and most importantly to abolish the practice of slavery. Lincoln commences his speech by reminding the audience of the founding fathers vision referencing to the Declaration of Independence, “Fourscore and seven years ago”. Lincoln’s choice of diction portrays him as intelligent and knowledgeable, which asserts his ethos,in result an authoritative ambiance. He then goes on to say “our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation”, adopting a less intimidating tone through the use of concession. Aware of the fact that the best way to connect with an audience is to have something in common. “Our fathers”, demonstrates diction being used to establish trust and unity between the audience and Lincoln. He then continues to say “brought forth on this continent a new nation”,which intensifies how this nation was conceived through the use of repetition. “Conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal”, Lincoln lays the foundation for his future statement...
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...IP Addresses Classes and Special-Use IP Address Space History of IP Classes. When IP was first standardized in September 1981, the specification required that each system attached to an IP-based Internet be assigned a unique, 32-bit Internet address value. Systems that have interfaces to more than one network require a unique IP address for each network interface. To provide the flexibility required to support networks of varying sizes, the Internet designers decided that the IP address space should be divided into three address classes-Class A, Class B, and Class C. This is often referred to as classful addressing. Each class fixes the boundary between the network prefix and the host number at a different point within the 32-bit address. Class A Class A network address has an 8-bit network prefix, with the highest order bit set to 0 (zero) and a 7-bit network number, followed by a 24-bit host number. Today, Class A networks are referred to as “/8s” since they have an 8-bit network prefix. A maximum of 126 (27 -2) /8 networks can be defined. Each /8 supports a maximum of 224 -2 (16,777,214) hosts per network. Since the /8 address block contains 231 (2,147,483,648) individual addresses and the IPv4 address space contains a maximum of 232 (4,294,967,296) addresses, the /8 address space is 50 percent of the total IPv4 unicast address space. Class B Class B network address has a 16-bit network prefix, with the two highest order bits set to 1-0 and a 14-bit network number...
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...Gettysburg Address Thanks to the men who have fought with their blood, sweat, and tears, there has been justice and liberty brought upon to our Nation. This Nation is being put to a test as we speak. We’re being put through a test that determines whether or not this country is living up to it’s word. There is nothing more important for us to do than to honor those soldiers who have put all their might into this battlefield we stand on today. It is our duty to honor those who have lived or died after the battle. It is not our place to own this battlefield, which it is not the battlefield us civilians have fought on. The world is most likely just going to do its thing and move on, but the actions of the courageous soldiers will forever have an impact. We have some type of obligation as proper civilians to ensure that their efforts will remain known and remembered. For their endeavours will always continue to inspire us to fight for the country that is now ours and has been hard fought for. We can not just throw away all their hard work for nothing. Once and for all, our people will live by the laws of freedom for all. We must rethink the ideas behind what freedom is and take that in to put into our government for our people....
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...IPv6 Address Type - Multicast Overview: As part of your assigned readings and material covered in class lecture, you have learned about IPv6 address types, including unicast and multicast addresses. For this assignment, you will expand your knowledge of the use of multicast addresses compared to the use of broadcast addresses in IPv4. Required Resources: Textbook and lecture notes Internet access Research Resources: • IPv6 multicast address – overview o http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPv6MulticastandAnycastAddressing.htm • IPv6 subnet scanning RFC o http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5157.txt Deliverables Perform additional research to understand the use of multicast addresses in IPv6 protocol compared to IPv4 broadcast addresses with emphasis on: o Neighbor discovery o All nodes address o All routers address Describe the process of neighbor discovery including the use the all nodes address for achieving the same result as the IPv4 ARP protocol. Include the IPv6 multicast address for all routers and all hosts. Perform research to determine: o Are you able to perform subnet “scanning” by simple sending an ICMP echo packet to the “all hosts” multicast address? Similar to the concept of sending an ICMP echo packet to the broadcast address on an IPv4 subnet. o Provide an estimate of how long it would take to scan, through a tool similar to NMAP, an entire /64 IPv6 subnet to find every possible host, not using the multicast “all host” address. Use...
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...Abraham Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address” has a strong and lasting influence on all those in attendance, including the friends and families of those who perished in the onslaught that occurred at Gettysburg. Lincoln memorialized those who lost their lives in the battle, while instilling a passion in the hearts of the remaining soldiers. Lincoln used pathos, repetition, and balanced phrasing to help him achieve his purpose. Many examples of emotional appeal can be found in the lines of the “Gettysburg Address.” Lincoln opens his speech by mentioning the ideals upon which this country was created. This reminded the audience of the freedom received with the writing of the “Declaration of Independence” and of victory over a conflicting power. Lincoln states “The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.” This statement immortalizes the sacrifices that the fallen soldiers made and reminds the audience their loved ones died for a cause and their sacrifices will never be forgotten. Lincoln uses repetition throughout his speech for effect. Lincoln states that “we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.” Even though the words that he uses are synonymous, the repetition allows Lincoln to strengthen his point, that the sacrifice these men made vastly outweighs mere words alone. In the final sentence, Lincoln proclaims “that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government...
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...Theren Woods 9/24/2015 NT 1210 Unit 1. Exercise 1. IP Addressing Scenario A design for a 1 floor office with a single data closet serving 145 to 254 users would need a core network, networks for firewall, a switch management network, a server network, voice network, wireless network, and a network for future services to accommodate the potential 50% growth the company intends to happen. The subnet range that should be used to accommodate 145 hosts plus a potential 50% growth within the next two years should be 255.255.255.0. This subnet mask range would support 254 hosts and this particular scenario is only planning for no more than 218. The IP addresses should be statically assigned because dynamically assigned IP addresses can change each time you connect to the internet but statically assigned IP addresses are reserved for the user and don’t change over time. Statically assigned IP addresses would definitely be best for an office environment because you want the same IP addresses everyday so the computers can talk to the server and with one another daily. You should have more than one network/subnets for computers, printers, future use and other host that may be needed. If DHCP is used you should use a Windows Server because it is safer. Normally a hacker will try to penetrate your router or firewall first so if that happens they will also have your DHCP. If it is on a server that’s another added layer to try and hack...
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...8/22/2015 IPv6 address type- multicast There is are several differences between ipv4 and ipv6 below I will break them down a bit IPV4 is 32 bit over 4 octets doesn’t have built in security uses broadcast and bits extend from 2^32 power IPv6 is 128 bits over 8 quadrats has built in security doesn’t use broadcast and bits extend from 2^128 power Those are the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6 next we get into a function of IPv6 which is unique it’s called multicast Neighbor Discovery Neighbor Discovery uses ICMPv6 messages to manage neighboring node interaction. Neighbor Discovery replaces ARP, ICMP Router Discovery, and ICMP Redirect and provides additional functionality. Neighbor Discovery Messages All functions of Neighbor Discovery are performed with the following messages: * Router Solicitation IPv6 hosts send Router Solicitation messages to discover IPv6 routers present on the link. To prompt IPv6 routers to respond immediately, hosts send multicast Router Solicitation messages rather than waiting for a periodic Router Advertisement message. * Router Advertisement IPv6 routers send Router Advertisement messages either periodically or in response to the receipt of Router Solicitation messages. Router Advertisement messages contain the information required by hosts to determine what the link prefixes are, what the link MTU is, whether or not to use address autoconfiguration, and the duration for which addresses created through address autoconfiguration...
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