...Alfred Adler Prin of Psychology Jeanne K. Cosmos May 8, 2012 Alfred Adler was born February 7, 1870 in Vienna, Austria. He was the second child in a family of six, his family was wealthy and he grew up in the suburbs of Vienna. Adler was ill most of his childhood and reported being closer to his father because he felt rejected by his mother. He also said that he felt unattractive and small growing up so he worked very hard to be popular in school to compensate for the rejection he felt from his family life. Adler was not a very good student at first, a teacher even suggested that his father take him out of school and makes him a shoemaker’s apprentice. His father quickly rejected this idea and expressed his disgust of the teacher to Alfred. Soon Alfred decided to show the teacher what he could do and soon he was first in his class and experienced very few difficulties as a student from then on. Alfred suffered from a near fatal spell of pneumonia at age four and said that he wanted to be a doctor; this is a goal he would pursue through college (Biographical sketch 2005). In 1888, he began his studies at the University of Vienna Medical School. In 1898, he set up a private practice in Vienna. Also, Adler wrote his first book in which he sets up what will become a main aspect of his school of thought: looking at man as a whole, functioning entity, reacting to his environment and physical endowment as opposed to a sum of instincts and other psychological manifestations. (Boeree...
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...Alfred Adler Alfred Adler was born February 7, 1870 in Vienna, in the suburbs of Australia. Adler was the third child of his parents. Adler was the son of a Jewish grain merchant. During his early child hood Alfred developed rickets, from this Adler was unable to walk until the four and at the age of five he developed pneumonia which he almost died from. At an early age Alfred knew that he wanted to be a physician. Alfred considered himself a normal child preferring to be outside rather that in school. Adler was active and well known. In 1895 Adler received his Medical Degree from the University of Vienna in 1895 and later married his wife Raissa Timofeyewna Epstein in 1897 and had four children of which two became Psychiatrists. (Adler, 2009) Adler career began as an Ophthalmologist, which he later switch to General practice and clients were of a poor class. Adler made another switch as a Psychiatrist in 1907 and later was invited to Freud’s discussion group. Adler wrote many papers on “Organic inferiority” which was similar to the views of Freud. One of Adler first papers that he wrote was about aggression and instinct that Freud disagreed with. The strong views of that paper was not enough to stop Sigmund Freud, from naming Adler as the president of the “Viennese Analytic Society and the co-editor of the organization news letter.” The feud between Adler and Freud did not stop the criticism of Adler against Freud work that suggested that the sexual notion of...
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...Alfred Adler Alfred Adler (1870-1937) played a key role in the development of psychoanalysis during his Presidency of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society in 1910. After leaving the organization, after disagreements with Sigmund Freud, he became best known for the development of Individual psychology. He believed that every person has a feeling of inferiority. His concept of the Inferiority complex was that each individual has a weak place in his or her body, where illness tends to occur (Cherry, 2012). Adler also believed that emotion has a way of expressing itself through the body. His Theory was that every person has a sense of inferiority, from child hood we work to compensate for this by asserting our superiority over others (Cherry, 2012). Also all infants are inferior in their abilities; life could be looked at as an attempt to compensate for this inferiority (Cherry, 2012). “Striving for superiority”, this is the motivating force for human behavior, emotions, and thoughts (Cherry, 2012). Adler felt that our social environments place obstacles in our paths that can also create feelings of inferiority. He emphasizes the importance of social factors over biological and believed that behavior was determined as much by conscious planning for the future as by repressed events of one’s past. Some of the psychologists influenced By Adler are; Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Karen Horney. Alfred Adler’s theories play an essential role in behavior therapy and child development...
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...Alfred Adler known as a physician, psychotherapist, and also the founder of Adlerian psychology was born in a village on the western fringes of Vienna on February 7, 1870 (Adler University, 2008). He was third of the seven children. Early on, he developed rickets, which made motor movements difficult and painful for him and he was unable to walk until the age of four. From the very young age Adler decided to become a physician due to his interactions with doctors and rapidly became very interested in the subjects of psychology, sociology and also philosophy. At University of Vienna, he specialized as an eye doctor, and later in neurology and psychiatry. In 1895 Adler received a medical degree from the University of Vienna during which he had become attached to a group of socialist students and found his wife, Raissa Timofeyewna Epstein, who was an intellectual and social activist from Russia studying in Vienna. Adler and Raissa married in 1897 and had four children. Their children grew up to become a writer, two psychiatrist and a Socialist activist. Adler began his medical career as an ophthalmologist, but switched to general practice and established his office in Vienna across from a circus. His patients included circus employees, and it has...
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...B. ALFRED ADLER proposed an Individual Psychology Theory of Personality Basic Principles of Classical Adlerian Psychology Alfred Adler (1870-1937) developed the first holistic theory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy that was intimately connected to a humanistic philosophy of living. His lectures and books for the general public are characterized by a crystal clear common sense. His clinical books and journal articles reveal an uncommon understanding of mental disorder, a deep insight into the art of healing, and a great inspiration for encouraging optimal human development. Adler's essential principles are as follows. Unity of the Individual Thinking, feeling, emotion, and behavior can only be understood as subordinated to the individual's style of life, or consistent pattern of dealing with life. The individual is not internally divided or the battleground of conflicting forces. Each aspect of the personality points in the same direction. Goal Orientation There is one central personality dynamic derived from the growth and forward movement of life itself. It is a future-oriented striving toward a goal of significance, superiority, or success. Self-Determination and Uniqueness The goal may be influenced by hereditary and cultural factors, but it ultimately springs from the creative power of the individual, and is consequently unique. Social Context As an indivisible whole, a system, the human being is also a part of larger wholes or systems--the family...
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...To whom it may concern, This letter is in regards to Steven Adler. Steven is a great leader, mentor and family member and has been such since I could remember. Even though Steven is my older cousin I have always looked up to him. Weather it was his decisions in life or how he handles different situations, it was always with calm and ease. Steven has always come across in a very respectful way with himself and with others. He was influential and mentored me through out my life, by being a positive influence and giving me outstanding advice in life. Steven helped me in the process of entering the Marine Corps after I graduated from high school. After serving two tours in Iraq and as soon as I came back, he was once again there for me. He helped me get back into civilian mode and also motivated me to get myself into college. Looking back he has never asked for anything in return, I guess its his unselfishness and personality just to help others. Steven takes a lot of pride in being a father. I have been there to help him move from place to place. On one occasion we started putting together his daughters Isabella’s crib. Were we’ve had talks about how important it is to start a family, and with those chats I’ve learned that he loves, cares and would do anything for his family and daughter. All in all Steven is a great person, friend, and father! Sincerely, John Smith March 17th,...
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...asic v adler hih insurance HIH Insurance was founded in 1968 by Ray Williams and Michael Payne, which was known as "M W Payne Underwriting Agency Pty Ltd". However, their company was acquired in 1971 by a British company called CE Heath PLC and appointed Ray Williams to be the board of CE Heath PLC in 1980. In 1989, the business operations of CE Heath PLC were transferred to CE Heath International Holdings Ltd. And the company floated on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1992. After 3 years, CE health international holdings became a subsidiary of Winterthur Swiss and was changed the name to HIH Winterthur. In 1999, HIH Winterthur acquired a large number of companies both in Australia and globally. The chief executive of FAI Insurance, Rodney Adler became a director of HIH and HIH changed its name to HIH Insurance Ltd. The reckless management by Rodney Adler, finally HIH collapsed in 2001 with debts of about $5.3billion; ASIC placed investigation into this case due to an intentional failure disclosure of financial statement by hih insurance company. The former HIH director Mr. Adler breached his duties under the sections 180, 181, 182 and 183 of Corporations Act. The criminal charges included the disclosure of misleading statement, conflict of interests and breach of director duty in good faith of the company. Mr. Adler was sentenced on 14 April 2005 to four and a half years jail, with a non-parole period of two and a half years. HIH insurance is currently in run–off...
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...ALFRED ADLER Alfred Adler urodził się w 1870 roku w Wiedniu w rodzinie należącej do klasy średniej, a zmarł w 1937 roku w Aberdeen w Szkocji, gdzie przybył w celu prowadzenia wykładów. Ukończył studia medyczne w 1895 roku na uniwersytecie w Wiedniu. Początkowo specjalizował się w oftalmologii, a następnie, po pewnym okresie praktykowania w zakresie medycyny ogólnej, został psychiatrą. Był jednym z członków założycieli Wiedeńskiego Towarzystwa Psychoanalitycznego, a później jego przewodniczącym. Wkrótce jednak Adler zaczął rozwijać idee, które odbiegały od koncepcji Freuda oraz przekonań innych członków Towarzystwa; gdy różnice te stały się drastyczne, poproszono go, by przedstawił swe poglądy Towarzystwu. Adler uczynił to w 1911 roku i w wyniku gwałtownej krytyki i oskarżeń kierowanych przeciw jego stanowisku przez innych członków Towarzystwa zrezygnował z funkcji przewodniczącego, a kilka miesięcy później zerwał ostatecznie swe powiązania z psychoanalizą freudowska. Później Adler utworzył własną grupę; reprezentowany przez nią kierunek, który nazwano psychologią indywidualną, zyskał zwolenników na całym świecie. w czasie I Wojny Światowej Adler służył jako lekarz w armii austriackiej, a po wojnie zainteresował się poradnictwem dziecięcym i założył pierwsze poradnie tego typu powiązane z wiedeńskim systemem szkolnym. Z jego inicjatywy powstała w Wiedniu szkoła eksperymentalna, w której wcielał w życie swoje teorie kształcenia. W 1935 roku Adler osiedlił się w Stanach Zjednoczonych...
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...important contributors of the theory, the theory of helping, the relationship the helper and the client, the kinds of problems that can be addressed with this theory, the population on which this technique is used. The multicultural issues in using this approach as well as what we have found during our research for the Adlerian therapy. The History: The history of Adlerian Theory was inspired by Freudian psychoanalysis. The foundering philosopher and psychiatrist was Alfred Adler (1870-1937) born in Vienna and later came to the USA in 1934; it was reinforced and strengthens by Rudolf Dreikurs in America. It was circulated throughout American elementary schools during the guidance movement by Don Dinkmeyer. (Adlerian Psychotherapy, 2009, para. 3) The Adlerian Theory started with Adler addressing the crucial and contemporary issues as equality, parent education, the influence of birth order, lifestyle, and the holism of individuals” (a.ukn., 2012, Para. 1). Theory Beliefs: Adler started his theory on the belief that we all have one basic desire and goal: to belong and to feel significant. Adlerian Psychology focuses on people’s efforts to compensate for their self-perceived inferiority to others. Alder stressed the need to understand individuals within their social context. The theory and application of Adlerian psychology hub on seven critical ideas which are: Unity of the Individual, Goal Orientation, Self-Determination and Uniqueness, Social Context, The...
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...Adlerian Theory Alfred Alder, a contemporary of Freud, chose to distance himself from Freud and his theories of human behavior. Alder developed his own approach to therapy based on his belief that people’s behaviors and skills are a result of their experiences and emotions. This belief led to the development of the Adlerian Theory, also known as Individual Psychology (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). Core Constructs of Adlerian Theory Adler believed that people have a self-image that guides their decisions, and that their self-image is a direct result of their childhood. Adler also believed that people are socially motivated and that a person’s actions are purposeful and aimed at meeting goals (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). Adler also felt that birth order and family constellation impacted a person’s self-image. It was Adler’s belief that helping people understand their own private logic and how it impacts their lifestyle choices will help the client to reframe their faulty perceptions of themselves and in turn, make improved lifestyle choices. Adlerian Theory in Action In our video vignette, Dr. Carlson is continuing to learn about Gina’s lifestyle. Dr. Carlson asks Gina to describe herself in order to understand how she sees herself. Gina states that she is determined. Dr. Carlson asks her what she is determined to do, and she responds she is determined to be happy and for her children to be happy. By asking what she is determined to do, Dr. Carlson is able...
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...and institutional settings. Its popularity can be attributed to its hopefulness and its useful application in multiple settings, such as in groups or families. Even as more research needs to be conducted on its practice, this approach remains a popular way of working with people of all stages and backgrounds. It emphasizes the future, holism, and choice and focuses on the importance of childhood and behavioral goals. Ordinal family positions, lifestyle, and the importance of socialization and encouragement are a few areas that have made strong contributions to the helping professions. Named after Alfred Adler, Adlerian therapy basically highlights birth order, individual life styles, social interests, and concepts pertaining to inferiority and superiority as principle components of personality. For Adler, psychological health is determined by the level of social contribution beneficial to the greater community. Social contribution is increased through the reduction of mistaken beliefs, which frequently lead to maladaptive feelings of inferiority or superiority. Helping clients to identify and change their beliefs about self, others and life, the basic goal of the Adlerian approach helps clients to participate more in a social world. (Corey 2009) Strengths Adlerian therapy is diverse, both in practice and in theory. This flexibility is seen by many as one of its greatest strengths. Because of its emphasis on goals, the social leanings...
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...Analytical Theory & Individual Theory Amanda Unruh PSY 405 August 6, 2012 When people hear the term “psychology”, most of them probably think of Sigmund Freud, who was the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. The psychodynamic approach is still widely used today to understand relationships between people, the interaction of drives and forces inside a person (especially the unconscious), and distinguish the different structures of the human personality. Karen Horney developed the Psychoanalytical Social Theory and Alfred Adler developed the Individual Theory, which are two theories that have proved to be interesting from the readings. (NNDB, 2012) Alfred Adler was an Austrian medical doctor and psychologist who was known for being the creator of Individual Psychology. He believed that the patient must be treated as a “whole person” where he emphasizes how individuals tried to combine feelings, thoughts, attitudes, values, and actions to accomplish their goals. His theory indicates that man’s main thoughts and behaviors are a result of his determination for superiority and power, which can be compensating for any feelings of inferiority (individual psychology, 2012). (NNDB, 2012) Adler’s theory based personality off of the order of birth, gender, and the age gap among siblings. He believed that individuals come up with a childhood story about themself that leads their views and choices throughout life, and being able to cooperate with other people for...
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...point I had not made the connection. In this chapter is where Frankl created his theory. The thing I like the most about this chapter is that, it was through his experiences at the concentration camp that caused him to create this theory. The fact that he used his own theory to give a self-diagnosis was crazy to me. It is astonishing that the theory that he came up with, is the thing that kept him alive throughout his ordeal. This chapter was not as interesting as the first one because the reader knows what has happened to Frankl, and this just gave the background for some of the research. The thing I do appreciate is the information that he gives and the encouragement you feel from him. In my opinion if there was an argument between Freud, Adler, or Frankl. I would have to choose Frankl, the reason for this is that Frankl theorized his ideas from experience. This was not something that he was obsessed with like the other two. His theory caused him to stay alive, when...
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...Grounding theories The theoretical works of Psychologists Alfred Adler, (1930) Abraham Maslow, (1960) and John Bowlby (1969) offer the foundational underpinnings for this study. The Need to Belong (NTB) is deeply rooted in Adlerian therapy and is pivotal to effective treatment of psychological disorders and individual mental health (Shifron, 2010). Adler (1930) claimed that human beings possess an essential need to belong which is met through connecting with others and through contributing to the larger community: family, school, society. (Adler, 1930; Shifron, 2010). Maslow (1943) viewed the need to belong second in his Hierarchy of Needs suggesting that the human drive for affection and belonging were second only to the physiological needs...
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...Theory of Individual Psychology Diana Dias Brandman University Individual Psychology Personality Theory The theory of individual psychology is based on Alfred Adler’s individual psychology proposal. Adler’s personality theory, individual psychology is a theory of human behavior stressing the attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority by benefiting the commitment to accomplish personal goals that have a purpose in the community (Schultz, 113). From his perspective he saw everyone as being social. We are all different individuals but our personalities are different based on our communication with others and our surroundings (Schultz, 113). He also thought the route of our personalities was based on the conscious versus the unconscious because more importantly we are always working on ourselves and managing our future. Summary of major principles One of the first major principles of individual psychology is “The Source for Human Striving.” Due to Alfred Adler’s early experience with his illness he felt he provided more on the inferiority and superiority complexes. In individual psychology inferiority complexes are a natural circumstance of all individuals or otherwise known as all humans striving (Shultz, 116). To overcome the inferiority complex you need to have compensation, which are the effort people need to conquer the feeling of inferiority and to tackle for more high levels of development. According to the individual psychology theory this action starts from...
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