...psychosocial tasks, which identified eight stages of human development and their corresponding psychosocial tasks. (McAdams, 2009, "Chapter 9, Developmental Stages In Childhood ") To really determine which stage I’m currently in I had to carefully read though many stages, since the eight stages begins at the time of infancy to late adulthood, which will change within each individual and within their social world combined. After all of the reading I would say that I resign in the six stage of Erikson’s timeline Intimacy vs. Isolation (which he consider young adulthood). I think I’m currently in the stage of young adulthood, because I’m 27 years old and have accomplished the psychosocial issues listed in Erikson fifth stage of life Identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence). Some of the main factors I have accomplished in the fifth stage includes developing my sense of self, beliefs, independence, secure about my future, fidelity, and successfully becoming an identity achiever. The central question that was posed during stage 6, young adulthood, is “How can I love”? (McAdams, 2009, p. 351). I can say that I have consciously sought the answer to my question, because I had learned the true meaning of a love relationship, from past relationships. Which has help me develop closer friendships and my intimate relationship with my partner. I can love by, committing...
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...Erik Erikson Author’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Course Details: Date of Submission: Erik Erikson Introduction Erik Erikson was a rare psychologist who created an eight-step model outlining the different steps in development psychology in the growth of an ordinary human being from birth to old age. His specific insights concerning human mental processes would affect the way people reacted to children and foment a deep interest in studies in human psychology. Though other psychologists have improved on Erikson’s initial findings, original findings retain a lot of significance. There is need to research and study Erikson’s work with particular interest in his explanation of the ‘adolescent stage’ Erikson’s Contribution Freud’s views about the nature and construction of the human personality significantly influenced Erik Erikson’s understanding of humanity. There was a considerable difference between the two men: whereas Erikson was an ego psychologist, Freud was an ID psychologist. Erikson stressed on the functions of society and culture and the divergences that can occur within the ego itself while Freud highlighted the conflict between the superego and ID. At all psychosexual phases, Erikson observed that the person grows in three levels concurrently: social, biological, and psychological, which represent the person, his or her connection to society, and individualism. His work was a lifetime representation of human development...
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...Erik Erikson Born on the 15th of June 1902, Erik Erikson was a German born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst. He is most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis. Erik’s mother was from a prominent Jewish family who lived in Copenhagen, Denmark, little is known about Erik’s biological father and he was adopted by his stepfather in 1911. He was a tall, blond, blue-eyed boy who was raised in the Jewish religion, making him the centre of bullying at his temple for being a Nordic and at his grammar school for being a Jew. The development of identity became one of Erikson’s greatest concerns. In 1930 he married Joan Mowat Serson, a Canadian dancer and artist whom Erikson had met at a dress ball. He converted to Christianity during his marriage and they had two sons together. During 1930, with Hitler’s rise to power in Germany, the burning of Freud’s books in Berlin and the potential Nazi threat to Austria the Eriksons left to Copenhagen only to find out they were unable to regain Danish citizenship, so they left for the United States. In the U.S. Erikson became the first chid psychoanalyst in Boston. Erikson served as a professor at prominent institutions such as Harvard and Yale even though he lacked even a bachelor degree. Sigmund Freud described personality development as a series of stages. Early childhood being the most important. He believed that personality developed by the age of about 5. Like Freud, Erik Erikson believed in the importance of...
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...childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Throughout the course we have been introduced to a number of psychologists that have developed their own theory of how people develop into successful or unsuccessful adults. This expository paper will cover the theory of Erikson's psychosocial stages during development, the influences that culture has and the cognitive, social and physical changes a teenager will experience. But does Erikson's theory on adolescence development truly hold a solid structure for a child's success? Adolescence is the age stage of 11-18, the period of life between childhood and adulthood where...
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...the qualities of thinking characteristic of each stage. (Objective 7) Piaget’s stages of cognitive development are : Sensorimotor Stage (Birth- age 2)- Start of understanding of cause and effect relationships. Development of reflexes to active use of sensory and motor skills to explore its surroundings Preoperational Stage (Ages 2-7)- Language and thought development occurs. Cannot solve conservation problems. Still understanding cause and effect relationships. Begins thinking of imagination and symbols to represent object, actions and situations Concrete Operational Stage (Ages 7-11)- Can solve conservation problems. Logical thoughts start to develop but still cannot solve complex verbal problems. Logi Formal Operational Stage (Adolescence- Adulthood)- Logically can solve all types of problems. Solves complex, verbal and hypothetical problems. Able to think in abstract terms 3. List and describe Erik Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial...
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...DEVELOPMENT MATTHEW ROBISON 10-28-2010 NOTES FOR INFORMATION ON CHAPTER TWELVE C. Adolescence - - Psychosocial Development (Chapter 12) What are some components of the adolescent’ search for identity? Erickson believes that cognitive development enables them to construct a theory of the self because as adolescents they have a “kind of maturational malice” that is vital to a process that builds on achievements of early stages. What are examples of immature thoughts? Here are several. Trust, autonomy, initiative and industry lay the groundwork for coping with challenges of adulthood; however an identity crisis is seldom fully resolved in all of these factors in the short time of adolescence, as issues concerning identity come up again and again throughout adult life. What is the psychosocial conflict of identity vs Identity confusion and the resulting virtue of fidelity? It is explained as becoming a unique individual adult with coherent sense of self and valued role in society. Identity crisis is based on Eriksson’s life experience. His struggle and confusion caused him to find any identity the leading him to the immigrant status as his identity where he saw and experienced many things that he struggled with and worse yet decided to change and have news thoughts and actions that he had to consciously considered successful in his identity to himself. An adolescent who resolves the identity crisis satisfactorily develop the virtue of fidelity according to Erickson men...
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...completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future. However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. Erikson's stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating his or her biological forces and sociocultural forces. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis of these two conflicting forces (as shown in the table below). If an individual does indeed successfully reconcile these forces (favoring the first mentioned attribute in the crisis), he or she emerges from the stage with the corresponding virtue. For example, if an infant enters into the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) with more trust than mistrust, he or she carries the virtue of hope into the remaining life stages.[1] Hopes: trust vs. mistrust (oral-sensory, birth – 2 years)[edit] * Existential Question: Can I Trust the World? The first stage of Erik Erikson's theory centers around the infant's basic needs being met by the parents and this interaction leading to trust or mistrust. Trust as defined by Erikson is "an essential truthfulness of others as well as a fundamental sense of one's own trustworthiness."[5] The infant depends on the parents, especially the mother, for sustenance and comfort. The child's relative understanding of world and society come from the parents and their interaction with the child. A child's first trust is always with the parent or caregiver; whomever...
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...------------------------------------------------- The stages Hul Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infants, 0 to 1 year) * Psychosocial Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust * Virtue: Hope The first stage of Erik Erikson's theory centers aro und the infant's basic needs being met by the parents. The infant depends on the parents, especially the mother, for food, sustenance, and comfort. The child's relative understanding of world and society come from the parents and their interaction with the child. If the parents expose the child to warmth, regularity, and dependable affection, the infant's view of the world will be one of trust. Should the parents fail to provide a secure environment and to meet the child's basic need a sense of mistrust will result. According to Erik Erikson, the major developmental task in infancy is to learn whether or not other people, especially primary caregivers, regularly satisfy basic needs. If caregivers are consistent sources of food, comfort, and affection, an infant learns trust- that others are dependable and reliable. If they are neglectful, or perhaps even abusive, the infant instead learns mistrust- that the world is in an undependable, unpredictable, and possibly dangerous place. [edit]Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlers, 2 to 3 years) * Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt * Main Question: "Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?" * Virtue: Will As the child gains control over eliminative...
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...1. Trust vs. mistrust * Basic trust is the sense that others are dependable and will nurture and provide for you, as well as the sense that one is worthy of care, and inherently trustworthy. It is based in good, appropriate, responsive parenting. The baby is busy soaking up the stimulation available- food, sensory stimulation- and actively assimilates these experiences into a picture of self and the world. This is an interactive stage, as the baby tries to explore and get the parent to pay attention. If the world is not responsive to the baby’s needs, s/he develops a sense of mistrust. Some mistrust is useful, as complete naiveté or gullibility puts a person at risk. In a healthy resolution, there is more trust than mistrust however, allowing the person to connect with others and trust them. * The virtue developed is Hope. 2. Autonomy vs. shame, doubt * During the second year of life the toddler develops a sense of autonomy and self control, due in part to toilet training and motor development, walking and climbing. The psychological issue is broader, though, including the concepts of holding on and letting go. Adults that support toddlers’ exploration and protect them from their vulnerability build in a sense of personal control. Those who are over-protected or shamed by their experiences or parents’ discipline develop a sense of doubt in their efforts at independence. Autonomy should prevail in a healthy development, but some shame and doubt enable moral...
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...Influences of Sexual Behavior in Adolescence During Adolescence, children are more likely to imitate other role models because they want to be accepted by others in their age group and peer pressure. The importance of peers and media in middle childhood and adolescence can influence them to have risky sexual behaviors. Due to the need for acceptance during adolescents, children are more likely to act upon certain risky behaviors they wouldn't otherwise act upon. The media is the biggest influence in adolescents that promotes sexual behavior. Sexual explicit behavior affects an adolescent by initiating early sexual tensions and leading to drastic consequences they aren't ready to accept. The Need for Acceptance Adolescence is a time when children are trying to understand their identity in their society. As most of their time is spent in school, children feel like they need a sense of acceptance and belonging in a particular peer group. The need for this recognition leads them to make certain choices; they feel like they need change their attire, how they talk, and how they behave so they can be accepted into a group. Certain groups have higher expectations and joining them increases social statuses, adolescents get too...
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...Kristen Embry PSY 223 Test 3 1. Puberty is a stage in the lives of both males and females in which their bodies begin to develop from a child to an adult. During puberty both males and females will develop and grow more rapidly than any other time in their lives except for infancy. Everyone goes through puberty, but everyone doesn’t necessarily go through it at the same age or in the same way as someone else. There isn’t just one single event that determines when puberty is beginning. It is a set of events that may happen gradually or very suddenly. Puberty typically begins between the ages of 8 and 14 in girls and between 9 and 15 in boys. However, it is hard to know exactly when puberty has begun in either sex due to unseen hormonal changes that precede physical changes by up to three years, according to our text book on page 303. During puberty, boys will notice several physical changes occurring. These include a major growth spurt, the shoulders becoming broader, and an appearance of body hair under the arms, on the chest, and on the face. They will begin to notice their voices changing from a childlike tone to a deeper, more adult tone as well as begin to have body odor and acne due to hormones being produced at a high rate. The male genitals will undergo some changes as well. As we watched in the video on puberty, the penis will grow longer and wider while the testicles drop into place ready to aide in reproduction later in life. Wet dreams, or nocturnal emissions...
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...Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Cheryl M. Todd PSY7220 Capella University Abstract This comprehensive case analysis will follow Gwen Cohen-Green through the following three stages of development: early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence. Within each of the three stages I will identify Gwen’s social and emotional development, theories pertaining to her development, validation, and predominate factors. A complete analysis and synthesis will support the findings, and recommendations will be given to support her. Table of Contents Introduction Case Study: Early Childhood Case Study: Middle Childhood Cased Study: Early Adolescence Analysis and Synthesis Recommendations Conclusion References 1 1-5 5-10 10-15 15-16 16-17 17 18-20 Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Introduction This study will identify the child I have chosen for my case study project and follow her through each of the following stages: early childhood, middle childhood and early adolescence. Secondly, the study will include an analysis and synthesis of developmental domains and of environmental and influential factors and finally, the study will make recommendations for optimal development. Early Childhood: Case Study Gwen Cohen-Green is an only child that lives with both her mom and dad in a suburban setting. Mom and dad both work long hours with mom being the primary parent to attend conferences as well as being the disciplinarian. Gwen’s parents are...
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...interest in the psychology of identity may be traced to his birth. He was born on June 15, 1902. The circumstances of his birth were concealed from him in his childhood. His Danish-born mother, Karla Abrahamsen, came from a prominent Jewish family in Copenhagen. At the time of her son's birth in Germany, Karla Abrahamsen had not seen her husband, Jewish stockbroker Waldemar Isidor Salomonsen, for several months. Nonetheless, the boy was registered as Erik Salomonsen .There is no more information about his biological father, except that he was a Dane and his given name probably was Erik Erikson was a student and teacher of arts. While teaching at a private school in Vienna, he became acquainted with Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud. Erikson underwent psychoanalysis, and the experience made him decide to become an analyst himself. He was trained in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute and also studied the Montessori method of education, which focused on child development and sexual stages. Theories of development and the ego Erikson is credited with being one of the originators of Ego psychology, which stressed the role of the ego as being more than a servant of the id. According to Erikson, the environment in which a child lived was crucial to providing growth, adjustment, a source of self-awareness and identity. One of the main elements of Erikson's psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of...
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...In this paper the different stages of human development will be discussed there is Piaget's Stages of Development and Erikson's Stages of Development. First we will begin with Piaget's stages by starting with the Sensorimotor stage the typical age range is from birth to nearly 2 years. In this staged an individual are able to experience through their senses and actions (seeing, hearing, touching, and mouthing). One of their developmental phenomenon is object permanence. Object permanence is use to describe a child's ability to see an object and know that it exist although they can no longer see or hear it. This concept is important because it plays a role in the theory of cognitive development. This theory was created by Jean Piaget who suggested that children can understand the world we live in through their motor abilities. Next stage is preopertational and the typical age range is 2 years to about 6 or 7 years this stage is when children are able to represent things with words and images, using intuitive rather than logical reasoning. One of the developmental phenomenon is egocentrism this refers to their inability to see a situation from another point of view. Piaget felt that an egocentric child feels that everyone around them not only see what they do but feel and hear as well. Concrete operational is the stage when thinking logically, grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations. The typical age for this...
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...term homosexuality was first used. A homosexual (2011), according to Merriam Webster Online, “of or having sexual desire for those of the same sex.” In order to understand the development of identity of homosexuals, it is first important to be mindful of the framework of sexuality in general. The term homosexuality is used to depict the comprehension of sexuality however; in today’s society; the preferred verbiage to define individuals is being gay or lesbian. Homosexuality and Life-span Development Sullivan and Schneider (1987) argue that homosexual coming out in youth has to be seen from a non-derogatory developmental perspective. In an attempt to react to the unique pressures found in adolescents showing an increasing gay or lesbian identity, psychologists and counselors must become familiar with the distinctive development of gay and lesbian adolescents, in addition to the sexual identity development literature in general. Reviewing the developmental issues of gay and lesbian adolescents creates thoughts concerning developing services to assist them. Often times, adults are hesitant to pay attention to adolescent communications concerning sexuality. These feelings begin to arise during what Erik Erikson has defined as stage 5: Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion and more often than not, when adolescents refer to themselves as gay or lesbian, it is written off as experimentation, an adjustment reaction, or simply a phase (Niolon, 2011). While homosexual...
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