...Impact of ADR/GDR on performance of Indian Corporations International Corporate Finance By Group 10 Shaurya Anand 11P047 Hemant Chawla 11P079 Ishan Agrawal 11P081 Narsinha Jawalgaonker 11P082 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Regulatory Framework 3 3. Why should there be any impact on liquidity or volatility 4 4. Analysis 5 5.Impact on Liquidity 10 Conclusion: 13 References 14 1. Introduction Increasing globalization in the last decade has made Indian financial markets more integrated with the rest of the world. As a result, many Indian companies have gone for raising funds in foreign capital markets by way of issuing ADRs and GDRs. Though cross listing is viewed positively by many corporations, many researchers have shown that changes in liquidity and volatility may affect quality negatively in the domestic markets. Since companies from emerging markets go for raising funds from foreign liquid markets, some policymakers fear that if allowed unrestricted, this may impact the development of local equity markets and hence prove disastrous for emerging markets. Existing studies show that effect of foreign listing depends on factors specific to firms, market and country. Indian GDRs trade on European exchanges and ADRs trade on US exchanges. Also, since US requires higher quality disclosures than Europe, cost of listing in US markets is higher. 2. Regulatory Framework As part of its economic liberalization policy in 1992, Indian...
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...Indian companies get their issues listed on LUXEMBOURG stock exchange. Subscription for such securities can come from any part of world, except India. Companies making Euro Issue can issue depositary receipts, foreign currency convertible bonds or pure debt bonds. Pure debt is not preferred by the investors for two reasons: (i) No Capital appreciation, and (ii) low credit rating of India by various international agencies. Depository receipts and foreign currency convertible bonds are more popular among the investors. Depository receipts are of two types: (i) Global depository receipt and (ii) American depository receipt. 2 Q. No.1 : Write a note on Global Depository receipts. (May 1996, May, 2003, 2008) May 2004 Nov. 2008) Answer A GDR is negotiable certificate that represents...
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...INVESTMENT BANKING Submitted to Prof. Vaibhav Banjan Group members- Kunal Tambe Diptesh Mayur Prasad Dube Kunal Sharma I. INVESTMENT BANKING: Investment banking, or I-banking, as it is often called, is the term used to describe the business of raising capital for companies and advising them on financing and merger alternatives. Capital essentially means money. Companies need cash in order to grow and expand their businesses; investment banks sell securities to public investors in order to raise this cash. Generally, the breakdown of an investment bank includes the following areas: * Corporate finance The bread and butter of a traditional investment bank, corporate finance generally performs two different functions: 1) Mergers and acquisitions advisory and 2) Underwriting. On the mergers and acquisitions (M&A) advising side of corporate finance, bankers assist in negotiating and structuring a merger between two companies. If, for example, a company wants to buy another firm, then an investment bank will help finalize the purchase price, structure the deal, and generally ensure a smooth transaction. The underwriting function within corporate finance involves shepherding the process of raising capital for a company. In the investment banking world, capital can be raised by selling stocks or bonds (as well as some more exotic securities) to investors. * Sales: Sales are another core component of any investment bank. Salespeople take the form of: 1) the classic...
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...RESEARCH INVENTY: International Journal of Engineering and Science ISSN: 2278-4721, Vol. 1, Issue 5 (October 2012), PP 34-42 www.researchinventy.com Role of Foreign Direct Investment in India: An Analytical Study 1 Dr. Jasbir Singh,2Ms. Sumita Chadha,3 Dr. Anupama Sharma 1 Associate Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi Assistant Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi 3 Assistant Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi 2 Abstract: International Economic Integration plays a vital role in Economic Development of any country. Foreign Direct Investment is one and only major instrument of attracting International Economic Integration in any economy. It serves as a link between investment and saving. Many developing countries like India, are facing the deficit of savings. This problem can be solved with the help of Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign investment helps in reducing the defect of BOP. The flow of foreign investment is a profit making industry like insurance, real estate and business services and serving as a catalyst for the growth of economy in India. The present study is based on the objectives like (a) to know the requirement of amount of foreign investment by India, for its economic Development and (b) to analyze the trend and role of FDI & FIIs in improving the quality and availability of goods has been beyond doubt. To analyze all these objectives data has been gathered through secondary...
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...Page 1 – JPMorgan Depositary Receipt Guide 1. Introduction and market snapshot……………………………………………………………………….3 2. Depositary Receipt Structures……………………………………………………………………………..9 3. The JPMorgan Advantage…………………………………………………………………………….……..17 4. Establishing your Depositary Receipt Program…………………………………………….….22 5. Maintaining your Depositary Receipt Program……………………………………..…….….31 6. Legal and Regulatory Framework…………………………………………………………..………..38 7. Glossary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….57 Page 2 – JPMorgan Depositary Receipt Guide Increasing globalization and investor appetite for diversification offer a unique opportunity to companies looking to tap a new investor base, expand awareness, or raise capital. By creating a depositary receipts program, you gain the flexibility and access you need to achieve your company’s strategic goals. Depositary receipts hold special appeal for investors because they make investing in a company beyond the investor’s home borders easy and convenient. That ease fuels investor appetite, which in turn has driven explosive growth in the depositary receipt market. Companies from more than 80 countries have gained new investors outside their home markets. More than 2,100 issuers have issued depositary receipts. 500 depositary receipt programs are listed on US exchanges, providing the issuing company with important access to new capital. Depositary receipts account for 16% of the entire US equity market.* Since JPMorgan established the first...
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...Q1] what is the maximum permissible bank finance? As per the recommendations of Tandon Committee, corporates should be discouraged from accumulating too much of stocks of current assets and should move towards very lean inventories and receivable levels. The committee even suggested the maximum levels of Raw Material, Stock-in-process and Finished Goods which a corporate operating in an industry should be allowed to accumulate These levels were termed as inventory and receivable norms. Depending on the size of credit required, the funding of these current assets (working capital needs) of the corporates could be met by one of the following methods: · First Method of Lending: Banks can work out the working capital gap, i.e. total current assets less current liabilities other than bank borrowings (called Maximum Permissible Bank Finance or MPBF) and finance a maximum of 75 per cent of the gap; the balance to come out of long-term funds, i.e., owned funds and term borrowings. This approach was considered suitable only for very small borrowers i.e. where the requirements of credit were less than Rs.10 lacs · Second Method of Lending: Under this method, it was thought that the borrower should provide for a minimum of 25% of total current assets out of long-term funds i.e., owned funds plus term borrowings. A certain level of credit for purchases and other current liabilities will be available to fund the build up of current assets and the bank will provide the balance (MPBF)....
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...Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India CONSOLIDATED FDI POLICY (EFFECTIVE FROM APRIL 5, 2013) Government of India Ministry of Commerce & Industry Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (FC Section) CIRCULAR 1 OF 2013 SUBJECT: CONSOLIDATED FDI POLICY. The “Consolidated FDI Policy” is attached. 2. This circular will take effect from April 5, 2013. (Anjali Prasad) Joint Secretary to the Government of India D/o IPP F. No. 5(1)/2013-FC.I Dated the 05.04.2013 Copy forwarded to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Press Information Officer, Press Information Bureau- for giving wide publicity to the above circular. BE Section for uploading the circular on DIPP's website. Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai Hindi Section for Hindi Translation 1 INDEX DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER CHAPTER-1 INTENT AND OBJECTIVE 1.1 Intent And Objective 5 5 CHAPTER-2 DEFINITIONS 2.1 Definitions 7 7 CHAPTER-3 GENERAL CONDITIONS ON FDI 3.1 Who can invest in India? 3.2. Entities into which FDI can be made 3.3 Types of Instruments 3.4 Issue/Transfer of Shares 3.5 Specific conditions in certain cases 3.6 Entry routes for Investment 3.7 Caps on Investments 3.8 Entry conditions on investment 3.9 Other conditions on Investment besides entry conditions 3.10 Foreign Investment into/Downstream Investment by Indian Companies 13 13 15 17 20 26 29 30 30 31 31 CHAPTER-4...
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...Table of Contents Capital Account Transactions Pages 03 to 08 FEMA Regulations – Capital Account Types of Capital A/c Transactions Foreign Institutional Investors Pages 09 to 11 Foreign Direct Investment Pages 12 to 15 American Depository Receipts Pages 16 to 17 Global Depository Receipts Pages 18 to 19 External Commercial Borrowings Pages 20 to 21 Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds Pages 22 to 25 Capital Account Convertibility Pages 26 to 28 Tarapore Committee and Current Status Pages 29 to 35 What is Capital Account Transaction? Capital account transaction is defined as a transaction which:- ➢ Alters the assets or liabilities, including contingent liabilities, outside India of persons resident in India. In other words, it includes those transactions which are undertaken by a resident of India such that his/her assets or liabilities outside India are altered (either increased or decreased). For example:- (i) a resident of India acquires an immovable property outside India or acquires shares of a foreign company. This way his/her overseas assets are increased; or (ii) a resident of India borrows from a non-resident through External commercial Borrowings (ECBs). This way he/she has created a liability outside India. ➢ Alters the assets or liabilities in India of person resident...
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...A PAPER On “CONVERTIBILITY OF INDIAN RUPEE” By, Sr. No | Name | PRN | 1 | Mr. Sachin Jadhav | 15020448102 | 2 | Mr. Santosh Ghongade | 15020448103 | 3 | Mr. Rajan Batra | 15020448104 | 4 | Mr. Narayan P.S | 15020448105 | 5 | Mr. Sameep Gadkari | 15020448106 | 6 | Mr. Nandkumar | 15020448015 | 7 | Mr. Bhushan Patil | 15020448027 | 8 | Mr.Vikrant Birje | 15020448056 | Guided By, Prof.S.K.Vaze International Financing TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr. No | Topics | Page No. | 1 | Objectives | 3 | 2 | Foreign Exchange-An Overview | 3 | 3 | Convertibility of Indian Rupee-History | 4 | 4 | Convertibility of Currency-Meaning | 4 | 5 | Current Account Convertibility | 5 | 6 | Capital Account Convertibility * Important Provisions under FEMA | 6,7 | 7 | Convertibility of Indian Rupee-Positive Effects | 9 | 8 | Capital Account Convertibility-Negative Effects | 10 | 9 | Key Points and Analysis | 12 | 10 | Conclusion and Recommendations | 14 | 11 | Bibliography | 15 | Objectives: A. To know Foreign exchange mechanism followed in the past and current practices. B. To understand the concept of “Convertibility of Currency” C. To Study journey of convertibility of Indian rupee pre and post Liberalisation and impact on exchange rate. D. Brief study of Indian laws of regulations and prohibitions in context of the currency convertibility...
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...transportation, insurance, Government not included elsewhere (GNIE) and miscellaneous (such as, communication, construction, financial, software, news agency, royalties, management and business services); (b) Income; and (c) Transfers (grants, gifts, remittances, ets.) which do not have any quid pro quo. 4.3. Under the Capital Account, capital inflows can be classified by instrument (debt or equity) and maturity (short or longterm). The main components of the capital account include foreign investment, loans and banking capital. Foreign investment, comprising Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Portfolio Investment consisting of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) investment, American Depository Receipts/Global Depository Receipts (ADRs/GDRs) represents non-debt liabilities, while loans (external assistance, external commercial borrowings and trade credit) and banking capital, including non-resident Indian (NRI) deposits are debt liabilities. 4.4. The data on merchandise trade are available from two sources namely; (a) from the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S) on customs basis; and (b) from RBI...
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...Case 3 Question 1 The Nestle Group would like to partially list one of its largest non-food holdings, Alcon, for several reasons. Nestlé’s top executives would like to discover the true valuation for each of the company’s holdings on a separate basis. Up until now, Nestlé’s EBITDA figure represented Nestlé as a group, not independent of its non-food holdings. While this measure was comparable with others in the industry, the executives felt that it was not truly representative of either Nestlé or Alcon. Although small in comparison to Nestlé, Alcon’s growth and profitability had outpaced the Nestlé Group as a whole and, thus, could possibly skew investors’ true valuation of both companies. By listing Alcon, the executives believe that there would be no better way to shed Alcon of its buried position under Nestlé’s food and beverage division. This way, the market can naturally decide the value of Nestlé amongst the expansive food and beverage industry and Alcon amongst the niche ophthalmology industry. At the time of this debate, Nestlé was trading at a discount relative to other similar corporations in the food and beverage industry. The executives credited this to the fact that the non-food divisions of Nestlé, such as Alcon and L’Oreal, were incorporated in Nestlé’s food and beverage market valuation. Listing Alcon would therefore force analysts to break down Nestlé into its divisions and allow the food and beverage division to stand on its own. Once the executives were...
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...The essential facts/rules/regulations the NRIs must know NRI Guide 2012 2012 A Comprehensive Guide for Indians residing outside India Prakash Nair Prakash@yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com . 1|Page NRI GUIDE (Ver 1.00) (A Comprehensive Guide for Indians residing outside India) Prepared by Prakash Nair Prakash@yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com 2|Page NRI Guide 2012 www.yourownadviser.com PREFACE This NRI guide has been compiled with the help of information available in official website of various government departments like Reserve Bank of India, Income Tax Department, Government of Kerala and other reliable sources. I have taken adequate care to provide current and authentic information. This NRI Guide is intended to serve as a ready reference book to guide NRIs on various matters affecting their financial and other related subjects. This does not purport to be a legal document. So I am not sure that, any errors occurred while compiling this reference guide. In case of any variation between what has been stated in this NRI Guide and the relevant Act, Rules, Regulations, Policy Statements, Government Orders/Circulars etc., the latter shall prevail. Kindly note that, rules related to NRIs are subject to change. Errors and omissions are expected. Ver.2 of this NRI Guide will be published soon with more useful information. Prakash Nair Prakash @yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com Date : 12-Jan-2012 Your suggestions,...
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...Instrumentos de inversión en mercados emergentes Fondos de inversión Cotizaciones extranjeras de valores de los mercados emergentes Certificados de depósito Inversión directa en valores en los mercados emergentes Derivados Las inversiones en mercados emergentes puede hacerse de cuatro maneras principales: 1 inversión directa en valores de los mercados emergentes; 2 inversiones indirectas mediante adquisiciones de acciones de empresas de los mercados emergentes que cotizan en mercados desarrollados; 3 fondos de inversión abiertos o cerrados, fideicomisos o empresas de inversiones; y 4 certificados de depósito de empresas del mercado emergente. Fondos de inversión Algunas de las primeras empresas de inversiones fueron fondos cerrados. En 1822, el rey Guillermo I de los Países Bajos creó lo que hoy se reconoce como el primer fondo de inversión. Se formó en Bruselas, Bélgica, a fin de invertir en empréstitos de gobiernos extranjeros. En la década de 1880 se constituyeron fondos similares en Escocia e Inglaterra. Uno de los fondos cerrados más antiguos es el Foreign and Colonial Investment Trust, creado en Londres en 1868 y que sigue existiendo. Éste y otros fondos semejantes derivaron al principio de fondos formados por familias pudientes del siglo XIX, que nombraban fideicomisarios para que supervisaran sus activos. Más tarde, esas asociaciones se convirtieron en empresas, para que sus acciones pudieran negociarse ampliamente y pudieran participar...
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...three: * Long Term Sources of Finance: Long term financing means capital requirements for a period of more than 5 years to 10, 15, 20 years or may be more depending on other factors. Capital expenditures in fixed assets like plant and machinery, land and building etc. of a business are funded using long term sources of finance.. Long term financing sources can be in form of any of them: * Share Capital or Equity Shares * Preference Capital or Preference Shares * Retained Earnings or Internal Accruals * Debenture / Bonds * Term Loans from Financial Institutes, Government, and Commercial Banks * Venture Funding * Asset Securitization * International Financing by way of Euro Issue, Foreign Currency Loans, ADR, GDR etc. * Preference Capital or Preference Shares * Debenture / Bonds * Lease Finance * Hire Purchase Finance * Short Term Sources of Finance: Short term financing means financing for period of less than 1 year. Short term financing is also named as working capital financing. Short term finances are available in the form of: * Trade Credit * Short Term Loans like Working Capital Loans from Commercial Banks * Fixed Deposits for a period of 1 year or...
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...PUBLIC ISSUE IPO Initial Public Offer• When an unlisted company makes either a fresh issue of securities or offers its existing securities for sale or both for the first time to the public, it is called an IPO. This paves way for listing and trading of the issuer‟s securities in the Stock Exchanges. Eligibility for IPO • a) Net tangible assets of at least Rs. 3 crore in each of the preceding three full years • b) Distributable profits for at least three out of the immediately preceding five years • c) Net worth of at least Rs. 1 crore in each of the preceding three full years • d) The issue size should not exceed 5 times the pre-issue net worth • e) If there has been a change in the company‟s name, at least 50% of the revenue for preceding one year should be from the new activity denoted by the new name • Alternative routes Recognizing that many good companies, for one reason or the other, may not be able to comply with all the eligibility norms, two other alternative routes are available to such companies: • Alternative I: • Issue shall be through book building route, with at least 50% to be mandatory allotted to the Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs). (b) The minimum post-issue face value capital shall be Rs. 10 crore or there shall be a compulsory market-making for at least 2 years OR • Alternative II: • A) The “project” is appraised and participated to the extent of 15% by FIs/Scheduled Commercial Banks of which...
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