Running Head: 78592029ADULT HEALTH CONCEPT

Adult Health Concept

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Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the adult health based on logical concepts of mobility and oxygenation. The emphasis is rather focused on old patients who have locomotive problems. These old patients can no longer engage in massive physical activities. The reduced activities may be due to various physical impairments. In a situation where the patient is suffering from hypertension and angina, the best medical practice shift to oxygenation.
The paper gives a close analysis to a patient by the name Danilo Ocampo. The patient is a retired pathologist. The patient is 74 years old with a declining health in the past few years. The patient is suffering from hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, and class II heart failure. These multiple ailments have incapacitated his movements. Due to his cardiovascular disorders the patient takes medication such as metoprolol, lisinopril, and Aldactone which is also supplemented with furosemide off and on.
Ocampo has a well background in medicine which offers him a good understanding of pharmaceutical properties of the medication. He has on and off admissions to the hospitals due to a multiple combination of the medication that he takes. The adverse side effect of the drugs he is using has caused multiple admissions to the hospital. At times he is forced to get out of the hospital before he gets better so as to take care of the ailing wife.
Mobility concept
Mobility impairment is a limitation in independent and purposeful physical movement of the body or of one or more extremities. The alteration in a person’s mobility can either be permanent or temporary. The causes of mobility are highly associated with fractures of the bones, strokes, morbid obesity, trauma or multiple sclerosis. Mobility can as well be as a result of changes in a person’s body as they age. This is due to loss of muscle strength and mass characterized by less mobile and stiffer muscles. The gait changes can also affect a person’s balance. Mobility is crucial to maintenance of independent living among seniors. The moment mobility is affected, a person’s activities of daily living is affected too.
Risk factors
Physical impairment may be as result of very many factors. The physical disability that one experiences may either be congenital, or due to fractures. Other causes may include muscle dystrophy, cerebral palsy, amputation, multiple sclerosis, pulmonary disease, and heart diseases among others. The most attributable risk factor to the old patients is mainly characterized by muscle dystrophy. These are groups of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weaknesses and the degeneration of a person’s skeletal or voluntary muscle used to control movements. Adult population is mostly associated with myotonic muscular dystrophy.
Persons with physical impairment may experience deficits in motor and fine motor functioning, locomotor and non-locomotor functioning. There is also a deficit in cognitive, adaptive and social behavior skills and impairment of language, vision, hearing or other sensory areas. Due to muscle stiffness and spasticity, the patients may need help with learning and daily activities. They are usually characterized by a limited range of motion and reluctance to attempt movement. The person may experience pain, discomfort, anxiety, or depression. Such individuals can also have musculoskeletal or neuromuscular impairment as well.
However mobility risk factors may be grouped into interpersonal, environmental, and organizational risk factors. Interpersonal risk factors related to mobility include advanced old age, low socio-economic status, comorbidity, lack of motivation. This usually led to dependant personality and high level of lack of self efficacy. It also entail the lifestyle factors that may be characterized by high rate of smoking, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. The physiological factors may involve vitamin D deficiency, inflammation and poor nutritional status (Adamson, 2003).
Oxygenation concept
This is the addition of oxygen to the system which may include the human body. In the context of ocampo, oxygenation is mainly done to improve the level of oxygen concentration in the tissues. This is done due to the cardiovascular diseases or impairment he is suffering from. Conditions like hypertension and myocardial disorder are known to reduce level of oxygen in the blood. The cause of weakness of oxygen in the blood may be due to lack of better nutrition that the body requires to build red blood cells. In ocampo situation, this may be a necessary cause due to lack of proper nutritional uptake. The deficiency can be attributed to the fact there is no one responsible for checking on his meals and the fact that the wife is also ailing.
Risk factors
The patient ocampo is suffering from myocardial infarction. This is a condition that is characterized by high level of oxygen in the tissues. The condition requires regular maintenance of oxygen in the bloodstream. In cases where the situation is not corrected in time it is bound to result into fatigue, weakness of the joints as well as being in a coma. The general condition can be described as hypoxia. However, the extreme cases of high concentration of oxygen results into heart infarction or heart ischemia.
High concentration of oxygen in the body can be as a result of harmful effect of breathing molecular oxygen. It is also known as oxygen toxicity syndrome, oxygen intoxication and oxygen poisoning. High level concentration of oxygen in the tissues is referred to as hyperoxia. Oxygen toxicity can cause seizures, brief period of rigidity followed by convulsions, and unconsciousness. When damage is caused to the lungs, there is a resultant feeling of pain and difficulty in breathing. High level of oxygen concentration can cause damage to the bones making one to be weak and unable to move freely. The damage can also take place in the cells of the body causing damage and adverse effects like the heart damage, a condition referred to myocardial heat infarction.
The patients suffering from myocardial infarction like ocampo himself may experience conditions like the tunnel vision, tinnitus (ringing in the year), irritability or personality changes and dizziness. The conditions may be followed by intense muscle contraction which can result for few minutes. This is usually followed by spasms of muscle relaxation and contraction producing convulsive jerking or clonic. This ends with a period of unconsciousness usually referred to as postictal state.
The best practice for this condition always relies on external factors. Underwater immersion, exposure to cold and exercise will reduce the onset of nervous system conditions. Decrease in tolerance is also attributed to retention of carbon dioxide. Other factors such as darkness and caffeine increase tolerance.
The biochemical basis for reducing the toxicity level is the partial reduction of the oxygen level by one or two electrons. The patient ocampo is known to usually seek for this therapy at the hospital. The electrons are always reduced to form reactive oxygen species. The species are natural bi-products of normal metabolism and have greater significance in cell signaling. It should be noted that prevention of oxygen relies entirely on the setting. The conditions as earlier mentioned can take place under water, through exercise. Exercise is done by walking the patient up and about to increase level of muscular activity. It can also be based on the culture and the society setting. People should be trained on danger of oxygen toxicity and the prevention methods that can be used whenever the situation occur. Drugs that are used by the survivors must also be obtained from a trained professional doctor. This will enable the correct usage of the medication. There should also be a developed use of recreational oxygen where the customers breathe oxygen through the canula which is an oxygen bar.
The patients of the oxygenation can also undergo oxygen massage that involves oxygen detoxification which is about removing the body toxins and reducing the body fats. In reference to the patient named, access to these therapies seems to be limited. This can be attributed to the reasons that ocampo does not accept assistance from the neighborhoods. This has been seen when the patient sometimes leave the hospital before the doctor discharge.
The family members of ocampo are likely to face a lot of issues regarding the patient health. Ocampo time despite of his health is tightly scheduled since he takes care of his wife Lydia who is also suffering from dementia. This family is also likely to get adverse economic situation since the patient is on and off to the hospital for therapies. There admissions and purchase of the drugs require financial resources which can impinge the whole family into economic problems. The reduced mobility also causes less productivity to the entire family members since most of the time is spent in taking care of the sick. The consequence of drug use can also lead to resistance to treatment by the body which can eventually be fatal.
In conclusion, old age is characterized by various factors that may include muscle weakness, unconsciousness and altered personality. The best approaches like combating oxygen toxicity can help ease the situation. Compliance to the drug use according to medical prescription and regular exercise are some of the ways through which diseases like myocardial infarction, angina and heart failure can be best tackled. The current practices of medical therapies are the most effective especially in a situation where there is no close neighborhood assistance to the situation. In medical, practice to counter any defect is always qualitative in nature, where it deploys both medical and community methods in treatment. One method i.e. biomedical cannot work in isolation from the folk etiology.

References
Adamson J, Hunt K, Ebrahim S. (2003). Association Between Measures of Morbidity and Locomotor Disability: Diagnosis Alone is Not Enough. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology; 57: 1355–60.
Avlund K, Damsgaard MT, Schroll M (2001). Tiredness as Determinant of Subsequent Use of Health and Social Services Among Non-Disabled Elderly People. Journal of Aging Health: 13(2), 267-86.