...Running Head: Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures Jeremy Keturi University of Phoenix 03/10/2011 ACC/537 Accounting has multiple forms and concepts depending on the type of business. This paper is going to identify the sources of generally accepted accounting principles; and identify the source of hierarchy with an explanation of why the hierarchy is important. This paper will describe effective accounting, along with the difference between accrual-based accounting from cash basis accounting. The last item discussed will be three business types, structure and their features. “The sources of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are financial accounting standards board (FASB Standards), interpretations, and staff positions, accounting principles board (APB Opinions), and American institute of certified public accountants (AICPA)” (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007). [“The financial accountant standards board (FASB) is the source of the Hierarchy. The Hierarchy of generally accepted accounting principles is a standard that the FASB is working. What the Hierarchy does, it identifies the source of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements”] (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007). Effective accounting is completeness, relevance, accuracy, clarity, properly communicated, timely, and cost efficient. Completeness...
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...Accounting Standards Board Renee’ Livious ACC/541 March 11, 2012 Thomas Gruber Accounting Standards Boards For a business to be successful, anything for that matter, guidelines and policies have to be put in place. This also involves internationally run businesses as well. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) have worked diligently through the years to ensure these guidelines are followed. The following discussion will be about the convergence project of boards, their relationship and the relations between their original pronouncements. Discussion will also reflect how the Master’s of Science in Accountancy program prepares the student for a professional life within the accounting vocation. International Accounting Standards Board The IASB, which was once the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), is the first international standard-setting body (International Convergence of Accounting Standards—A Brief History) organization based in the United Kingdom that formed in 2001 to advocate harmonization. They strove to make the standards uniformed for national and international companies and have one set of financial statement to accommodate both parties. Their purpose is also to maintain and ensure the standards for accounting are followed and understood...
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...Financial Reporting Research In many cases, a business is not successful without a well-organized financial branch of their company. Whether it is a small business and reporting is done by the owner or if it is a large business that has a financial department, a company needs to know if it is making a profit. Modern accounting is believed to have begun around 1494 A.D. Book keeping entered into the Unites States in late 19th century. The first accounting exam was held by and organization in 1896. Today, accounting is used throughout the world and business to communicate, buy, sell and barter with each other very frequently and therefore, International accounting principles have been developed for the entire globe (Csebfalvi, 2012). In today’s highly competitive business world the environment requires companies to create a business strategy that includes accounting. This portion of their business strategy will help them achieve their strategic goals for the organization. In 1973, the International Accounting Standings Committee came in to existence in order to establish new international standards. The International Accounting Standards Board is the committee responsible for developing International Financial Reporting Standards (Knowledge guide to international accounting standards). This firm ensures that businesses are applying these standards to their financial reports. The first recorded account of international accounting was an article by Lord Benson called The...
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...Modern advances in technology, communication and transportation have changed the local marketplace into a global economy. Most of the large US corporations are now multinational, operating not only in the United States, but also doing business and raising capital in other countries. Some now generate more than 50% of their revenues abroad. Foreign corporations also transact business in the US, with some companies based in the US but owned by foreign corporations, and a lot of companies traded on the NYSE are now foreign. All of this means companies need to know and report in accounting standards for many different countries. Investors and creditors also need to know the difference between standards when analyzing financial reports for comparability and consistency. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an international body based in London, England that was designed to combat this problem by creating a single set of global accounting standards, called the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). They are a high-quality, understandable and enforceable set of internationally recognized standards. The majority of countries have now adopted IFRS, including all the countries of the European Union, Russia, Hong Kong, Australia and India. Many more planning on doing so in the future including Canada and Mexico. As a way of reconciling US accounting standards with international standards, the IASB met with the US standard setter, the Financial Accounting...
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...Accounting Standards Boards Paper Accounting Standards Boards Paper This paper will discuss the relationship of the two accounting boards, International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Both groups are working on a venture known as the convergent project. The convergent project is an attempt by the IASB and FASB to eliminate differences between the International Financial Reporting Standards and the US GAAP. This paper will also explain how the MSA program will help students to prepare for a career in the accounting field. The Security Exchange Commission (SEC) was established by the Security Exchange Act in 1934. The SEC is the authority to establish financial accounting standards for publically held companies in the United States. The FASB was established in 1973 as the official body charged with issuing accounting standards. It is a private organization and is documented by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants as well as the SEC. The mission of the FASB “is to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting” (FASB.ORG, 2014). The FASB also oversees that reporting from publically held companies provide useful information investors, auditors and creditors, as well as anyone else who needs the information. The FASB issues Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) and other accounting pronouncements that make up the Generally Accepted Accounting Procedure. The GAAP is...
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...TR i-4 LEMBAGA PIAWAIAN PERAKAUNAN MALAYSIA MALAYSIAN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD Technical Release i-4 Shariah Compliant Sale Contracts © Malaysian Accounting Standards Board 2010 1 TR i-4 This Technical Release (TR) contains material in which the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation (IASCF) holds copyright and which has been reproduced in this Statement with the permission of IASCF. Copyright in the International Financial Reporting Standards (including Interpretations), International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Exposure Drafts, and other IASB publications belong to IASCF. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing to MASB or as may be expressly permitted by law or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. No part of the materials incorporated in this publication, the copyright of which is held by IASCF, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing to IASCF or as may be expressly permitted by law or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. TR i-4 Shariah Compliant Sale Contracts is issued by the MASB in respect of its application in Malaysia. 2 TR i-4 CONTENTS paragraphs INTRODUCTION IN1–IN6 MASB TECHNICAL RELEASE i-4 SHARIAH COMPLIANT...
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...STUDY MATERIAL Integrated Professional Competence Course PAPER : 1 ACCOUNTING VOLUME – I BOARD OF STUDIES THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA This study material has been prepared by the faculty of the Board of Studies. The objective of the study material is to provide teaching material to the students to enable them to obtain knowledge and skills in the subject. Students should also supplement their study by reference to the recommended text books. In case students need any clarifications or have any suggestions to make for further improvement of the material contained herein, they may write to the Director of Studies. All care has bee n taken to provide interpretations and discussions in a manner useful for the students. However, the study material has not been specifically discussed by the Council of the Institute or any of its Committees and the views expressed herein may not be taken to necessarily represent the views of the Council or any of its Committees. Permission of the Institute is essential for reproduction of any portion of this material. © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission, in writing, from the publisher. Revised Edition Website E-mail Committee/ Department ISBN No. Price Published by : : : : : : :...
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...Accounting Standards Board Paper Katherine Meyer ACC/ 541 Kenneth Burton July 30, 2012 The Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board have been critical in modernizing the accounting field. The Accounting Standards Board was created out of criticism of the field and the Financial Accounting Standards Board was created out of criticism of the Accounting Standards Board. The histories of the boards have improved the accounting profession and have made the flow of information more fluid. Around 1959 the methods that were used to formulate accounting principles were in question because the methods had not arisen from research or had been based on theory. About the same time, the CAP was being questioned for issuing inconsistent standards. The CAP was made up of part- time members whose independence quickly came into question. The members of the CAP were also required to also be members of the AICPA and it was not long before accountants and the financial statement users were demanding a wider representation in the development of accounting principles. In response to the demand the AICPA forms the Accounting Principles Board or the APB. The APB was made up of seventeen to twenty- one accounting professionals, individuals from the industry, the government, and academia. The objectives of the APB were to advance the written expression of the generally accepted accounting principles and to narrow the areas of differences in appropriate practice...
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...At present, financial accounting standards are established and propagated on the basis of two key conceptual structures, namely, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Boards (IASB) (Cong 2013). This essay will discuss and justify that accounting theory played a role in setting of accounting practices but it played no significant role in setting of accounting standards. Rather, several accounting standards were set by the conceptual frameworks formulated by the accounting standards-setting groups. Several examples will be presented for supporting the arguments. There is need to analyze and justify the evolution of accounting theory to conceptual structures because accounting standards play a vital...
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...CHAPTER 1 Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE | | | | |Topics |Questions |Cases | |1. |Subject matter of accounting. |1, 2 |4 | |2. |Environment of accounting. |3, 29 |6, 7 | |3. |Role of principles, objectives, standards, and accounting |4, 5, 6, 7 |1, 2, 3, 5 | | |theory. | | | |4. |Historical development of GAAP. |8, 9, 10, 11 |8, 9 | |5. |Authoritative pronouncements and rule-making bodies. |12, 13, 14, 15, |3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17 | | | |16, 17, 18, 19, | | | | |20, 21, 22, 24 | ...
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...Comparing IFRS to GAAP Business, financial markets and mergers crossing international borders has become the new norm because of the advances in technology. This has led to many people calling for one set of international accounting standards. I will compare the international standard known as IFRS to the U.S. standard known as GAAP. IFRS The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) was developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Currently, there are 115 countries using the IFRS. GAAP The United States uses the General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which was created by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and officially recognized by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). SOX Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) created the internal control standards that apply to publicly traded companies on U.S. exchanges. Rules or Principles The purpose of IFRS and GAAP are conceptually the same. They both set out to establish accurate objective financial transparency for the use of investors and creditors. The main difference is the approach each take. The IFRS has easier requirements for accounting and reporting. Thus, it has been called a principle based system, whereas the GAAP is considered rules based. To provide an example of the rules-based and principle-based concept one only has to look at the way they each handle revenue recognition. According to Kimmel (2012), the GAAP has over 100...
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...Accounting Standards Boards Paper In 2002, a formal agreement took place to work toward the merging and standardization of international financial reporting rules. The two entities are described in further detail in the following paper along with the progress of the project. This paper also details how the completion of the MSA program prepares students for a professional life within the accounting vocation. The globalization of the business environment over the last decade has brought about the importance of transnational financial reporting. Users of this information must be able to understand not only the accounting principles used by the company, but the language of the country where they reside, and the currency used in preparation of the financial statements. “If investors and creditors cannot obtain understandable financial information about companies that operate in foreign countries, they are not likely to invest in or lend money” (Schroeder, Clark & Cathey, 2011). The result is a move by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to harmonize and eventually converge accounting standards commonly used in different countries. History of the relationship between the FASB and the IASB The IASB was formed in 1973 and is based out of London, England. They develop and enforce financial reporting standards for publicly held companies. The first efforts to harmonize domestic and international financial reporting...
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...FINANCIAL REPORTING AND COST CONTROL GROUP-3 PRESENTED BY:AKSHAY ESHAA RANJAN SAI CHARAN SHARATHCHANDRA H J VIKASH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) CONTENTS :INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OF IFRS STANDARDS OF IFRS WHY IFRS IS PREPARED ? ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES INDIAN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Differences between ifrs , ind gaap and us gaap INTRODUCTION :- IFRS is set if international accounting standards developed by IASB (International Accounting Standard Board) under the governance if IFRS to set a high quality accounting standards. There are 120 nations who are following IFRS. WHAT IS IFRS ? International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are designed as a common global language for business affairs so that company accounts are understandable and comparable across international boundaries. OBJECTIVES OF IFRS To develop, in the public interest, a single set of high quality and globally accepted financial accounting standards. It is to promote the use and rigorous application of those standards. Transparent for all users and comparable over all periods. Provides a suitable starting point for accounting in accordance with IFRS. Can be generated at a cost that does not exceed the benefits. WHY IS IFRS NECESSARY ? It is believed that IFRS, when adopted worldwide, will benefit investors and other users of financial statements by reducing cost of investments and increasing the quality of...
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...the market by being the only company that is selling a new technology. The new technology is known as BIO-07, new medical equipment that’s innovating the previous model BIO-02 by improving considerably the blood collection process. Hemo Tech signed an exclusivity contract with Extract Co. through which Hemo is offering a large variety of services including, but not limited to supplies, screening and monitoring test services, having the main target of reducing contamination level. Based on the International Financial Reporting Standards, also known as IFRS, Hemo Tech is interested to find out what accounting standards the company needs to use in order to offer more accurate information regarding the deliverables. In the same time FASB (The Financial Accounting Standard Board) was adopted by Hemo Tech, n order to determine which of the products deliverables are or not. One thing to be mentioned is the fact that this new technology that Hemo Tech is using is approved in advance by FDA (Food and Drug Administration). VSOE (Vendor Specific Objective Evidence), TPE (third-party evidence) and ESP (the estimate selling price) become the main point of interest for Hemo Tech, which needs to figure out which of the techniques is the best at serving its needs. Analysis As O’Connor noticed, when managing high-tech revenue streams, “a proper revenue recognition can make the difference between viability one quarter and being out of business the next” (O’Connor, 2002). In the case presented...
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...Using the FASB Codification of Accounting Standards The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Codification of Accounting Standards is the current single source of the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The Codification of Accounting Standards is a database and research system created by the Financial Accounting Standards Board that combines many of the authoritative resources about accounting standards into one searchable system. Some of the people who would use the Codification are accounting and reporting professionals, financial analysts, and investors. The FASB Codification allows users to easily search and navigate the content, cutting back on research time and making access to information quicker and more efficient. It was created with the goal to simplify user access to all authoritative U.S. GAAP, reduce the amount of time and effort required to solve an accounting research issue, mitigate the risk of noncompliance, and provide real-time updates as new standards are released. The FASB Codification includes all level A through D generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) issued by a standard setter and pronouncements issued by the FASB, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF), Accounting Standards Executive Committee (AcSEC), Accounting Principles Board, and relevant portion of authoritative content issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The Codification reorganizes the thousands of U.S. GAAP...
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