...Handbook for RCOG Trainers July 2011 Contents Introduction Section 1: Introduction to RCOG educational roles 1.1 College Tutor 1.2 Educational Supervisor 1.3 ATSM Director 1.4 ATSM Preceptor 1.5 ATSM Educational Supervisor 1.6 Deanery Ultrasound Co-ordinator 1.7 Ultrasound Educational Supervisor 1.8 Subspecialty Training Programme Supervisor (STPS) 4 5 5 7 8 10 12 13 15 16 Section 2: Structure of postgraduate education 2.1 The curriculum 2.2 Postgraduate training, assessment and appraisal 2.3 Annual review of training 2.4 RCOG forms for appraisal 2.5 MRCOG examinations 2.6 DRCOG examination 18 22 25 30 31 32 34 Section 3: Managing local/regional education 3.1 Guidance for dealing with the poorly performing trainee 3.2 Regional education 3.3 Welcoming the new trainee 3.4 Training needs for trainers 3.5 Top tips for College Tutors and Educational Supervisors 35 35 36 39 39 40 2 Section 4: Resources 4.1 Bibliography for medical education 4.2 List of educational resources 42 42 42 Section 5: Appendices 5.1 Appendix 1: Sample letter of welcome 5.2 Appendix 2: Example of introductory programme 45 45 47 3 Introduction The delivery of training and education is a core responsibility for the National Health Service (NHS). The General Medical Council sets the standards for undergraduate and postgraduate medical education and works with the Colleges to determine the curriculum, assessments and implementation. The Royal College of Obstetricians...
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...How the Future Predicts Science Fiction As the author David Levine said that prediction is very difficult, especially about the future. All of us and science fiction writers are hardly to precisely predict what will happen in the future. Why it’s difficult to precisely predict future? First of all, every science fiction writers have their individual experience and personal preference.Additionally,according to the history, we can make a conclusion that nothing will happened as like as before, our world is changing, our views of the future have changed over time. What’s more, science fiction writers aren’t futurists, they wouldn’t attempts to make some accurate prediction, so they prefer to based on the development tendency of the world and what people are concerned about right now to make some literary categories.Therefore,it’s the future that predicts science fiction. Science writers need not even be set in the future,they are just trying to write an entertainment and thought-provoking stories to attract people’s mind.they prefer to fall into one or more of the following literary categories,Cautionary tales,Thought experiments,Literalized metaphors and Explorations of new science and technology.To some extent,they are a batch of nonmalignant socialists.Because they have transmitted a mass of message which is conductive to our life.So it’s the future that predicts science fiction. Beside of these,each science fiction writers is an individual human being with...
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...Blood Questions Answer the first 45 items with: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Stay the same 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. An increase in plasma levels of erythropoietin will cause blood viscosity to: The activation of plasminogen will cause the size of a blood clot to: Pooling of blood causes the likelihood of clot formation to: Dehydration would cause the hematocrit to: A decline in plasma albumin levels would cause plasma osmotic pressure to: An increase in plasma levels of EPO would cause RBC count to: Aspirin causes the likelihood of platelet activation to: A reduced ability to produce thrombin would cause the time required for blood clot formation to: A decrease in white blood cell count would cause the likelihood of an infection to: 10. A large decrease in RBC count would cause blood viscosity to: 11. During the body’s response to an acute bacterial infection, you would expect the neutrophil count to: 12. During the vascular spasm phase of hemostasis, the diameter of the affected blood vessel will: 13. If the liver was unable to produce normal quantities of plasma proteins, plasma osmotic pressure would: 14. A blocked bile duct would cause plasma levels of bilirubin to: 15. In response to a significant increase in altitude, the body’s production of erythropoietin will: 16. In response to a decrease in blood oxygen content, plasma levels of erythropoietin would: 17. As plasma osmotic pressure decreases, interstitial fluid formation will: 18. As the percentage of blood occupied...
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...Science: Advantages & Disadvantages By deepakkatyayan | November 2011 * Zoom In * Zoom Out Page 1 of 5 Science – Its Advantages and Disadvantages One of the striking features of 20 century is the progress of is no section oh human society in which science has not brought revolution. But still the term is debated among the conscious people that whether science is blessing or it is a curse for humanity. The facts, which are drawn by systematic study, are applied practically for the welfare of mankind or for the destruction of humanity. For example a gun in the hand of a guard is used for the safety purposes but the same gun in the hand of a terrorist may take the life of many products of science. It is up to the human beings how they utilize them. Let us discuss how science serves humanity and how it is harmful for it. Blessing of Science Blessings of science are numerous. Science has completely changed the living style of man. Now man is living in a totally 18 century. From home to office, from farm to factory, form village to town, in short everywhere in life now we can see the unlimited blessing of science. At home, we find that science has provided many comforts to the human beings. Whether it is kitchen, lounge, shaker, chopper, toaster and many other appliance have brought a revolution in the working of a kitchen and a housewife. Although it is a fact that science can not fight with fate and it often fails to defeat nature yet it has done a lot to minimize...
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...Title | Examining Different Arguments Related to the Choice of a Career | Assessment Part A: Critically Evaluating an Argument | Build your mindmap. | Arts and Sciences (Advantage): Lots of flexibility in career choices: Logically Sound | Arts and Sciences (Disadvantage): Leads to a career in food service - 'Do you want fries with that?': Irrational Appeal | Education (Advantage): The best way to make a difference in the world: Either/Or Thinking | Education (Disadvantage): Guaranteed low paying job: Overgeneralization | Nursing (Advantage): People always will need nurses: Logically Sound | Nursing (Disadvantage): Too much schooling (according to Theo, the Law student): Overgeneralization | Information Systems and Technology (Advantage): No other degree concentration is as innovative (according to Grace): Either/Or Thinking | Information Systems and Technology (Disadvantage): Too limited in scope for much advancement in business situation (according to Ritesh): Shifting the Burden of Proof | Business (Advantage): Infinite career options (according to Ritesh): Overgeneralization | Business (Disadvantage): Boring work, stuck behind a desk all day: Overgeneralization | Health and Human Services (Advantage): All the benefits of Arts and Sciences, but vastly more focused and relevant: Logically Sound | Health and Human Services (Disadvantage): Job options are all in very un-creative fields.: Overgeneralization...
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...Exploring Social Sciences Grade 10/10 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the interdisciplinary approach to the study of current social problems. List and discuss at least three advantages and three disadvantages, justify your choices. (Question worth 5 points) The advantages of the interdisciplinary approach: 1. The interdisciplinary approach captures multiple sciences rather than one science. 2. Expands the students understanding between all disciplines 3. Enhances communication skills The disadvantages of the interdisciplinary approach 1. Trying to understand all of the sciences at once 2. Time consuming preparation in curriculum 3. Too many different teachers Interdisciplinary can mean that many teachers get together to teach different disciplines. The advantages can make a student an all-around student by learning many different disciplines at once but this can be a disadvantage for students as well. Some will not be able to learn well in a team taught environment. 2. What new social science fields do you think will be important ten years from now? Justify your choice by using data from this week’s readings. (Question is worth 5 points) I think that fields such as economic psychology and psychological economics will be around 10 years from now. These sciences have to do with how people view and deal with the economy and right now that is very important to most citizens, especially with the election of new Presidents. Cognitive science will also...
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...paper argues that the RBV holds much promise as a framework for understanding strategic marketing issues but cautions that, before it is adopted, it needs to be fully understood. Consequently, the paper charts the development of the RBV from its origins in early economic models of imperfect competition, through the work of evolutionary economists to the contributions of strategy and marketing scholars over the past two decades. This broad literature base has given rise to a great deal of ambiguity, inconsistent use of nomenclature and several overlapping classification schema. The paper seeks to draw together common themes of firm heterogeneity, barriers to duplication, sustainable competitive advantage and Ricardian rents within an overall model of resource-based competitive advantage. The second part of the paper describes three aspects of strategic marketing likely to benefit from adoption of the resourcebased perspective, namely, strategic analysis, positioning and international marketing strategy. In terms of the former, it is argued that the RBV helps to overcome some of the frequently cited problems of the SWOT framework. Similarly, it contends that...
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...Reproductive Sciences Abstract This paper is based on genetic and reproductive science and their benefits and limitations regarding individuals, families, and society. The paper covers the screening and treatment for diabetes and what methods are used to prevent it development. The paper also contains information regarding In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and its benefits for individuals and families. The use stems cells and its advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. Analyze the benefits and limitations of genetic and reproductive sciences for individuals, families, and society. The benefit of genetic science for individuals is that it can determine if the person has a possible genetic disorder and give them a better chance at preventing the disorder from becoming active, monitor the disorder, or treat the disorder. For example, diabetes is a genetic disorder that can be discovered through genetic testing. Lifestyle changes such as exercising and lowering their body mass index (BMI) can prevent someone for developing diabetes, and the testing can monitor diabetes if a person develops it. Diabetes can also be treated by the use of insulin and dieting if monitored correctly. The limitation of genetic science for individuals is the emotional outcome of the test results. Some people may get upset and begin to feel guilty, depressed, or even become anxious once they receive their results (Cho, et al., 2012). The benefits of genetic science for families...
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...Information Science and Technology THE ROLE AND EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE CREATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE A. Talebnejad[1] Faculty of Management and Accounting Shahid Beheshti University Email: taleb149@yahoo.com Abstract -By the appropriate use of information technology, organizations can achieve sustainable competitive advantages. This technology because of including some characteristics such as being up-to-date, fast and precise and having different geographic localities all the time, has improved organizational efficiency, effectiveness and performance. In this article, we intend to investigate the role and effect of information technology in the creation and maintenance of sustainable competitive advantages from two different approaches: market-based approach and the resource-based approach. In the Market-based approach, meeting customer's and creating values for them, using information technology and the issue of achieving the competitive advantage and position in the market by organizations are addressed. In the resource-based approach, compatibility of the organization's resources such as those of information technology and organizational skills, particularly managerial ones are investigated. Amongst different organizational skills and resources, only managerial skills of information technology can create a sustainable competitive advantage. Keywords: Information Technology, Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Creation of...
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...Review Questions 1. What are diagnostics? How is this related to the health sciences? A diagnostic is to identify something. This relates to health science by you have to know what you are working on and how to do you need to identify it first. 2. What is trepanation? Why was this used? A trepanation is where a surge drills a hole in the patient head to release pressure. This is used to help people who are suffering with migraines or other head related injuries. 3. Describe three ways that healthcare is funded. Three ways that health care is funded is by taxation, social insurance, and private health insurance. 4. What are private healthcare sites? What are their characteristics? Private healthcare sites are where the office or hospital are ran by a for-profit company. The patient or insurance company pays for the bill. The characteristics for these is that they can give you more advance testing or having more staff and equipment since they cost more to go to them. 5. What is patient-centered care? Patient- centered care is to focus more on the patients and not just their illness. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Private health insurance is a common form of healthcare payment in the United States. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of private health insurance? Some advantages of private health insurance is more staff members, specialized services, and more equipment. But some disadvantages to this is how much it cost. Requires...
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...Read this paragraph on advantages and disadvantages of science. In today’s world it’s almost impossible to live without science. We use science all the time in different aspects of our daily life. The world would be a certainly different place to live in without cell phones, airplanes, computers and other gifts of science. All the technology devices need power to run and without science, it would be impossible to product the much needed electricity to run the various devices. Thanks to science, we now know more about our planet and how things work and are continually trying to discover more. Science is used in many homes from the kitchen, sitting room among other places. Science is used to develop cures for various diseases, provide food and building of major cities around. Science makes life easier for humans. People can now travels from one place to another do business, go for vacation etc. With the increasing population, it’s important to device ways to ensure everyone has enough food; science is widely used to discover new and better ways to produce food for the ever rising population. The advancement in technology is another gift by science, technology makes work easy and faster for people. Though science is a major blessing to the human race, it also has its disadvantages. As man continues to advance and automate everything pollution continues to increase. The machinery developed pollute the air which reduces the life of man. The introduction of various pollutants in...
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...Management Science I MODULE 9 9.1. Strategy Formulation : An Overview The corporate world is in the process of a global transformation. Mergers, acquisitions, outsourcing and downsizing are becoming common word everywhere. Privatization is allowing free enterprise to take on functions that previously were the domain of government. International boundaries are fading in importance as businesses take on a more global perspective and the technology of information age is telescoping the time it takes to communicate and make decision. Strategic management takes a panoramic view of this changing corporate terrain and attempts to show how large and small firms can be more effective and efficient not only in today's world but tomorrow as well. Strategic management is the set of managerial decisions and action that determines the way for the long-range performance of the company. It includes environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, evaluation and control. It emphasizes the monitoring and evaluation of external opportunities and threats in light of corporation’s strength and weakness. Business policy has a general management orientation and tends primarily to look inward with its concern for properly integrating the corporations many functional activities. But strategic management as a field of study integrates the business policy with the environmental opportunities and threats. Therefore strategic management has tended to replace business policy as...
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...A Case for Case Studies Margo A. Ihde Liberty University Author Note Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Margo A. Ihde, Psychology 255-B05, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Va. 24515. E-mail: mihde@liberty.edu A Case for Case Studies Case Studies are utilized across many disciplines including but not limited to medical science, political science, social science and psychology. There is however some confusion as it relates to the use of case studies. The first such confusion that must be clarified is what the definition of a case study is and what constitutes a case study. The second clarification is to identify the reasons for using a case study. A third area is outlining the advantages and disadvantages of using a case study. Lastly, when a researcher concludes a case study would be the best option they then must determine where and in what ways would the data and information be sourced. Identifying the answers for these four areas is imperative to understanding and utilizing a case study. Case Study – Defined The definition for a case study within all many disciplines is very similar. A case study is usually described as an investigation into a real situation involving an individual, a group, an organization, or a society focusing on a single subject or object (Pegram, 2000). To begin, identifying a case studies purpose would contribute to determining what would and should be investigated. The study could focus on the “history...
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...Management Science I Prof. M.Thenmozhi MODULE 9 9.1. Strategy Formulation : An Overview The corporate world is in the process of a global transformation. Mergers, acquisitions, outsourcing and downsizing are becoming common word everywhere. Privatization is allowing free enterprise to take on functions that previously were the domain of government. International boundaries are fading in importance as businesses take on a more global perspective and the technology of information age is telescoping the time it takes to communicate and make decision. Strategic management takes a panoramic view of this changing corporate terrain and attempts to show how large and small firms can be more effective and efficient not only in today's world but tomorrow as well. Strategic management is the set of managerial decisions and action that determines the way for the long-range performance of the company. It includes environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, evaluation and control. It emphasizes the monitoring and evaluation of external opportunities and threats in light of corporation’s strength and weakness. Business policy has a general management orientation and tends primarily to look inward with its concern for properly integrating the corporations many functional activities. But strategic management as a field of study integrates the business policy with the environmental opportunities and threats. Therefore strategic management has tended to replace...
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...SOCIOLOGY – AQA – UNIT 4 - CRIME AND DEVIANCE The exam is split into 3 questions: • Q.1 is a pure methods section which contains two parts a) 12 marks and b) 21 marks. You should spend 45 minuets on this question. • Q.2 is a method in context question. Part a) is for 9 marks [could also be a 3 and 6 mark question] and part b) is for 15 marks. You should spend 30 minuets on this question. • Q.3 is a theories essay for 33 marks. THIS QUESTION IS SYNOPTIC! You should spend 45 minuets on this question. Below is a list of all the areas and studies you need to know for each section of the exam. Don’t worry if you don’t know all the studies, each college/school are likely to teach slightly different ones, just make sure you know about that amount for each section. Q.1 For the first two pure crime parts you need to know: Functionalist theories of crime and deviance Durkheim – Social control, social regulation including suicide Merton-Strain theory, blocked aspirations Cohen – Status frustration Cloward and Ohlin – Deviant subcultures New Right/Right Realism James Wilson – Strict law enforcement needed Wilson and Kelling – Broken windows, zero tolerance Murray – Cultural deprivation, single parents and ineffective, the underclass Erdos – Families without fathers Subcultural theories Cohen – Delinquent subcultures Cloward and Ohlin – Delinquency and opportunity, criminal, conflict and retreatist...
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