...What Does The Victorian Tea Set Tell Us About Consumption In 19th Century Britain? A) Conspicuous Consumption and Social Emulation Consumption began to increase greatly as the industrial revolution kicked in, meaning that demand rose substantially for many goods not readily available to the masses beforehand, for example, tea. The Victorian tea set can tell us a great deal about consumption and conspicuous consumption in 19th century Britain. For instance, that appearance and the expensive belongings people had were important to one’s image and social stature, therefore, for families that were able to afford such things such as an expensive Wedgwood tea set were seen as important and wealthy people. The Victorian tea set also became a fashion accessory. Furthermore, luxury and consumption also began to grow more hand in hand. However, conspicuous consumption and social emulation affected the working classes greatly which will also be explored. Wedgwood, being a producer of high quality tea sets in the 19th century, began to aim its products at a much wider market by the 1840s by producing mid – range tea sets so that more British households could afford such luxuries.[1] This shows that demand and conspicuous consumption was on the rise as many more people began the need for this new fashion accessory, hence Wedgwood expanding into this mid – range market. The rise in demand of tea sets ultimately evolved from the fast growing popularity of tea, as it became a respectable...
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...Veblen felt that once the consumer purchased the required goods of a desired class and through conspicuous consumption demonstrated the ownership of these goods that the consumer was then consider by society to be a member of that class. Duesenberry agrees with Veblen to some extent but expands on Veblen’s theory in noting that in order to maintain standing within the class that the consumer must be in a dynamic state of increased spending to obtain an increasingly higher quantity and standard of goods in order to maintain status. As other members of the class increase discretionary spending class, consume superior goods and demonstrate the ownership of these goods, the standards of the class move upward. The required level of spending and...
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...people that believe that they are better than another for any given reason, an unjust bias comes into play. Many forms of mass media display ethnocentrism in their marketing tactics, whether it is hidden or in full view for the naked eye to see, it’s there! Ethnocentrism can be concealed from the unsuspecting consumer so well that, unless being instructed to dissect the intent of the product/ good at hand, people may be gladly accepting a slap in the face with a smile. An example of how ethnocentrism is reflected in mass media is the use of bill boards: where they are displayed, and who and what’s displayed on them. In urban communities, where the majority of the residents tend to be middle/ low class citizens, there are bill boards advertising the sale of liquor using faces of well- known celebrities to endorse the products. At just about every free-way exit, there are advertisements for casinos, drug help numbers and locations, and other displays targeting a certain class of people. When commuting through the suburban areas, all of these” less than pleasing” advertisements are not crowding the skyline or in plain view, as if to say “the suburban communities are filled with better citizens than those of the city”. What an insult! Are we not all human beings capable of and born into a world of sin? Suburbanites come to frolic and mingle with the folks of the city, then go back to their “perfect world”...
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...University of Phoenix Material Consumption and Mass Media Worksheet 1. Respond to all questions with academic paragraphs of at least 50 words. State your point of view and explain it thoroughly. • What is conspicuous consumption? How does conspicuous consumption influence purchasing decisions? Think about a high-priced item that you have bought or would like to buy. To what extent does conspicuous consumption affect your decision? Conspicuous consumption is the lavish spending of unnecessary items, intended to show off wealth. This type of consumption influences decisions through media advertising, as well as our cultural values and societal pressure to conform. I bought a Michael Kors bag for myself a couple years ago, and I blame it all on conspicuous consumption. I would have been just fine with any other generic brand, but felt that I finally deserved a quality, name brand bag, which I could show off to my friends and family. I still use it, and it has been one of the best purchases I’ve ever made. • What is conspicuous leisure? Examples of conspicuous leisure are abundant on television. In what ways are leisure activities informed by social and economic class? Provide an example of a popular leisure activity. What assumptions can you make about the participants of the activity? Conspicuous leisure is just like conspicuous consumption, except it is defined for leisure activities, such as vacations or other activities. It can cost a lot of extra...
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...Discovering How Advertising Grows Salesand Builds Brands | Year | 2012 | Dependent Variable | Sales and building of brands | Independent Variable | Advertisement, Experience and Emotions | Sample Size | 332 respondents180 were male152 were femaleStudy was conducted in US | Exogenous Factors | culture | Endogenous Factors | Promotions, HRM and customer service. | Moderating /mediating variable | Emotions, past experience etc | Hypothesis | H1: sales is the operatinghierarchy. We also find the first empirical evidence thatintermediate effects are dynamic constructsH2: Their hypothesized model alsoconjectures the presence of a feedback loop from salesto experience. The authors argue that a consumer’smind “is not a blank sheet, but already containsconscious and unconscious memories of product purchasingand usage.is positively correlated with impulse buying. | Author Name | Ganesh Iyer, David Soberman and J. Miguel Villas-Boas | Article Name | The Targeting of Advertising | Year | 2005 | Dependent Variable | Profits | Independent Variable | Advertising, Price and segmentation. | Sample Size | --------------------- | Exogenous Factors | Market environment | Endogenous Factors | Purchase timing, awareness and brand switching | Mediating/ Moderating variable | Attractiveness of advertisement. | Summary | - Major improvementsin the quality of consumer information and the growth of targeted media vehicles allow firms toprecisely target advertising to consumer...
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...social characteristics such as their social class, gender, race, or age affect how businesses market to them? How does targeted marketing affect consumer consumption? The purpose of this paper is to introduce the field of conspicuous consumption and how certain social characteristics influences buying behavior and how businesses target consumers based on these differences. Social Characteristics, Business and Consuming How do social characteristics such as race, gender and class impact businesses? How do these social characteristics influence consumer choice? Businesses are a part of society so it makes sense that that one can influence the other. Businesses market to their key demographic all the time in order to specifically cater their products or services to their intended customer base but there is a relatively new phenomenon that shows some individuals in a lower socioeconomic class artificially try to portray themselves as being in a higher class than they really are. This type of “show boating” of certain status symbols can influence a business and their decision to expand their marketing efforts to groups outside their originally intended customer base. This phenomenon is called “conspicuous consumption” and is defined by Patsiaouras and Fitchett (2012, p. 154) as the “competitive and extravagant consumption practices and leisure activities that aim to indicate membership to a superior social class.” Throughout junior high and high school, I, like many of...
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...Consumerism I- Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts. The term is often associated with criticisms of consumption starting with Thorstein Veblen. Veblen's subject of examination, the newly emergent middle class arising at the turn of the twentieth century, comes to full fruition by the end of the twentieth century through the process of globalization. In this sense, consumerism is usually considered a part of media culture. Sometimes, the term "consumerism" is also used to refer to the consumerists movement, consumer protection or consumer activism, which seeks to protect and inform consumers by requiring such practices as honest packaging and advertising, product guarantees, and improved safety standards. In this sense it is a movement or a set of policies aimed at regulating the products, services, methods, and standards of manufacturers, sellers, and advertisers in the interests of the buyer. In economics, consumerism refers to economic policies placing emphasis on consumption. In an abstract sense, it is the belief that the free choice of consumers should dictate the economic structure of a society (compare producerism, especially in the British sense of the term) The term "consumerism" goes back to at least 1915 in the sense of "advocacy of the rights and interests of consumers" (Oxford English Dictionary), but in this article the term "consumerism" refers to the sense first recorded...
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...partial fulfillments of the requirements for BUA 311-Business Ethics Octuber 2, 2015 Semester and Year: Fall, 2015 Address: 2100 College Street City, State, Zip: Newberry SC, 29108 Email: tomas.garcia@newberry.edu Instructor: Gerald Seals Abstract This paper discusses how compulsive spending fits the ethical issue of compulsive behaviors and describes the different ways compulsive consumption can be manifested. Addictive behaviors are characterized by the ability to produce immediate satisfaction or relief from any discomfort. Addictions begin as pleasant behavior but later in variable term for each of them, enslave the subject who feels compelled to repeat, despite the discomfort that you are causing, and may provoke some conflicts. If the person is caught in this repetitive behavior, he finally created a real addiction. We talk about addiction when an addictive behavior so largely it involves the subject that leads to a dependency. Conspicuous consumption is becoming a cultural problem in the society, leading to crippling consumer debt and our consumption is unsustainable both economically and environmentally. Consumerism goes hand-in-hand with a compulsive attitude. This compulsive attitude is a pathological behavior and is considered as physiological dependence, or a behavior addiction. It is considered a recurring behavior, which despite attempts to resist the urge occurs. A behavior is considered compulsive when it results from compelling impulses...
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...MEANING OF CONSUMERISM Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts. The term is often associated with criticisms of consumption starting with Torstein Veblen. Veblen's subject of examination, the newly emergent middle class arising at the turn of the twentieth century, comes to full fruition by the end of the twentieth century through the process of globalization. In this sense, consumerism is usually considered a part of media culture. Consumerism is also used to refer to the consumerists movement, consumer protection or consumer activism, which seeks to protect and inform consumers by requiring such practices as honest packaging and advertising, product guarantees, and improved safety standards. In this sense it is a movement or a set of policies aimed at regulating the products, services, methods, and standards of manufacturers, sellers, and advertisers in the interests of the buyer. In economics, consumerism refers to economic policies placing emphasis on consumption. In an abstract sense, it is the belief that the free choice of consumers should dictate the economic structure of a society. It was first used in 1915 to refer to advocacy of the rights and interests of consumers but in this article the term consumerism refers to the sense first used in 1960, emphasis on or preoccupation with the acquisition of consumer goods (Oxford English Dictionary). DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMERISM The development...
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...History project Topic: Popular Cultural in HongKong(Film) Un Cheuk Lam 4C35 The Cinema of Hong Kong has consider as the pioneer of Chinese language movie. Hong Kong was the third largest motion picture industry in the world (after Hollywood and India cinema) and the second largest exporter. Hong Kong film has retained much of its distinctive identity and continues to play a prominent part on the world cinema stage. In the West, Hong Kong's vigorous pop cinema (especially Hong Kong action cinema) has long had a strong cult following, which is now arguably a part of the cultural mainstream, widely available and imitated. Especially between the 1970's - 1990's, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of Asian movie in that time. Back to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strict rule. " Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways "...
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...In a world of consumerism, children represent a giant portion of an important demographic to marketers because of their purchasing power. They greatly influence their parents buying decisions and are the consumers of the future. Since children have this advantage, advertisers know they should be a main target. Advertising was created to influence the creation of the consumer. This method became a revolutionary development. The advertisers’ goal was to cater to the consumers’ wants and desires. Products have embedded values in their marketing messages to glamourize self-indulgence and narcissism. Although the advertisers use what they knew from the consumer to shape their wants to create in commodities. Marketers and advertisers use several...
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...CULTURAL EFFECTS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Andrew J. Marsiglia, PhD, CCP Cultural value systems have a direct effect on consumer behavior and vary by the major cultural dimensions between countries but become increasingly complex when people immigrate to foreign countries that have different cultural dimensions. In these situations, people are subjected to a wide variety of cultural reference groups that ultimately affect their consumer behavior. Consequently, marketers must develop marketing communication that addresses cultural and reference group factors from both a domestic and global perspective; that means marketers must adhere to the Levi-Strauss maxim to think globally but act locally. To this end, marketers use market segmentation and micromarketing to develop customer-centric marketing messages with the goal of providing precisely defined marketing messages that satisfy consumer’s need for personal information regarding products and services so that consumers should be adequately stimulated to purchase the product or service being advertised. www.lead-inspire.com December 26, 2010 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Effects of Cultural Values on Consumer Behavior......................................................................... 3 Characteristics of Cultural Values .................................................................
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...important ramifications for the China luxury market in general, because lower levels of differentiation between brands in the mind of the Chinese customer results in a reliance on other more overt cues to establish perceptions of prestige. For example, Joanne Ooi comments on branding in China and notes that “You must be expensive, prestigious and international to seduce the Chinese consumer.”[1] Furthermore, according to an Ernst and Young report cited by the case, Chinese customers are “more conspicuous customers who took pride in sporting international labels, which they considered a sign of success and wealth.”[2] Thus, in the Chinese luxury market, price, prestige, and international brand recognition are generally preconditions for the success of a luxury brand. Another unique characteristic that defines the Chinese luxury market is the tension between “Confucian values of humility and the pursuit of status as a tool for upward mobility," according to Tom Doctoroff of the advertising agency JWT.[3] This tension has important implications for the segmentation of the Chinese luxury market because it places some...
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...boycotts Religious beliefs Khalil Al-Hyari, Muhammed Alnsour and Ghazi Al-Weshah 155 Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan, and Mohamed Haffar Received 28 March 2011 Accepted 8 June 2011 Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK Abstract Purpose – In a constantly changing and increasingly globalised world, religions still play a significant role in influencing social and consumer behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model that explores the link between religious beliefs and consumers’ boycotts towards particular products. Certain important concepts are linked to boycott, these include: conspicuous consumption of global brands, animosity and country of origin. Design/methodology/approach – First, a critical literature review on empirical consumer animosity, conspicuous consumption, religion, and consumption studies is undertaken. Second, qualitative techniques are used to collect the primary data. This is undertaken with reference to the case study of boycotting of the international Danish brands in Saudi Arabia, in order to highlight the relative emphasis of each of the factors that may influence consumer purchase behaviour of global brands. Findings – The findings of this study show that there is a strong relationship and a clear link between religiosity in Arabic/Islamic collectivist cultures and consumer behaviour (mainly boycotting). It also shows that consumers in such societies are collectively influenced by these factors...
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...quality, design, features, brand, packing, services, warranties, returns. Price: List price, discounts, allowances, payment period, credit terms. Promotion: Sales promotion, advertising, sales force, public relations, and direct marketing. Place: Channels, coverage, assortments, locations, inventory, transport. Strategic Marketing Choose de value: STP: Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. The marketing staff must segment the market, select the appropriate market target, and develop the offering’s value positioning. Tactical Marketing Provide the value: Product development, service development, pricing, sourcing making, distributing. Communicate the value: Sales force, sales promotion, and advertising. Strategy Formulation: Overall cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. 1) Diagnose Advantages: Consumers can use safely and easily with no risk, and it poised no injury or poising. Target Market: Women Distribution: Direct through national grocery, hardware, and drug chains (Safeway, Kmart…). Pricing: $0.99 – Suggested Retail Price $2.49 (2 unit) – Cost $0.392 – Retail net revenue $0.75. Price Positioning: 5 to 10 times more expensive Sales expenses: $60,000 ($50K for travel, and sales calls - $10K advertising). Advertising: Good Housekeeping Magazine. Sales Forecast: 5 millions of units - Current Sales: Several hundred thousand. Budget: $250,000 for fixed costs. 2) Analysis General Marketing...
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