...was indeed a distinctive and varied "negro/black American" culture and it was centered here in Harlem of New York City. It was a culture movement that began around 1920s. Before it was called the Harlem renaissance it was known as the "New Negro Movement", that was named after the anthology edited by Alain Locke in 1925. The Harlem Renaissance grew out of the changes that had taken place in the black community since the abolition of slavery, and which had been accelerated as a consequence of the First World War. It can also be seen as specifically African-American response to an expression of the great social and cultural change taking place in America in the early 20th century under the influence of industrialization and the emergence of a new mass culture. This movement impacted urban centers throughout the United States. Across the cultural spectrum (literature, drama, music, art, dance) and also in social thought (sociology, philosophy), artists and intellectuals found new ways to explore the historical experiences of black America and the contemporary experiences of black life in the urban North. Challenging white superiority and racism, African-American artists and intellectuals rejected merely imitating the styles of Europeans and white Americans and instead celebrated black dignity and creativity. Asserting their freedom to express themselves on their own terms as artists, they explored their identities as black Americans, celebrating the black culture that had emerged...
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...Thesis Statement: Hollywood portrays African Americans in a way that reinforce many misconceptions by the majority, rather than projecting an objective reality. Often times limiting African Americans to star in “stereotypical” roles. After watching numerous films, I found that African Americans in Hollywood were generally depicted in service or blue-collar occupations, such as a house cleaner or a postal worker. Similarly, in an extensive review of Blacks in film, I found that Hollywood often portrayed African Americans in occupational roles, such as a servant, a crook, a cook, an entertainer, a musician, a sad non-White person, an exhibitionist, an athlete, or a corrupt individual. Moreover, in viewing various films they only affirm that most stereotypes about Blacks are...
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...Aretha Franklin from deserted child to teenage mother to Grammy winner to inductee into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. 3. Bogdanov, Vladimir. All Music Guide to Soul: The Definitive Guide to R&B and Soul. San Francisco, CA: Backbeat, 2003. Print. a. This is a complete guide to the uniquely American world of the blues. The roots of the blues can be found in the turn-of-the-century Mississippi Delta, but today its reach extends into all kinds of music including rock, jazz, country, soul, and more. 4. Brown, Ruth, and Andrew Yule. Miss Rhythm: The Autobiography of Ruth Brown, Rhythm and Blues Legend. New York: D.I. Fine, 1996. Print. a. Tony Award winner Ruth Brown is a rhythm-and-blues revolutionary, a woman whose early successes earned her instant worldwide fame and launched a career that has influenced such legendary performers as Aretha Franklin, Dinah Washington, Little Richard and Stevie Wonder. This candid autobiography offers the true story of her extraordinary life and career. 5. Burnim, Mellonee V., and Portia K. Maultsby. African American Music: An Introduction. New York: Routledge, 2006. Print. a. is a collection of thirty essays by leading scholars whch survey major African American musical genres, both sacred and secular, from slavery to the present. The work brings together, in a single volume, treatments of African...
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...Introduction to World Music Professor Glenn McMillan 1003 M Room gmac@mec.cuny.edu Office Hours Appointments Only 718 270 4929 Music 100 Please leave email Introduction to World Music Syllabus-Spring 2013 This course is an introduction to music and to the musical mechanics from a global perspective. There will be three aims: • to increase the students understanding of music, including its elements, structures, and terminology through live performances, students and guest artists; • to increase the students awareness, cultural connections to explore and their understanding of global relationships; how these cultures utilize musical elements, and the role that music plays within that culture; and • Most importantly, to increase the students understanding of the origins of the students’ owns individual music appreciation and the connection to the global village. Course Objectives • To explore and reconsider ideas about cultural contact in the process of musical change • To understand music terminology • To understand, review and write reports on live performances using terminology demonstrating knowledge of musical elements within rhythm, pitch, and structure • To understand and further identify the social, economic, historical, philosophical and psychological elements, which affect the form of the assigned music • To identify aurally and explain rhythm...
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...is frustrated by. Baraka finds controversy in the ideas white critics write about regarding jazz music. Baraka states, “Most jazz critics have been white Americans, but most important jazz musicians have not been.” In the 1960’s, when Baraka made this statement, jazz was becoming more popularized and socially accepted. African American jazz musicians took a long, strenuous journey over decades to push their music into the spotlight to become one of the most popular music styles in society internationally. The special element of jazz is its raw emotion. Baraka distinguishes between “White Jazz”, music that is learned and skill that is obtained technically, and “Negro Jazz” , music based on emotion passed down from generation to generation. The hardships experienced by African Americans and passed down through ancestry create the deep emotions that make up jazz. Baraka expresses that a white critic can fall into the trap of simplifying the genre to musical technicalities because they can never truly feel the music and understand its roots. Baraka uses an example of a solo to justify his point. He goes into detail about how a meaningful solo means almost nothing on paper. The screams, shouts, and other sound effects, along with the rapid change in tone mean so much more than any music sheet could ever describe. “…Screams and rants are only musical once one understands the music his emotional attitude seeks to create.” Each note “means something, and the something is, regardless...
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...The Impact of Slavery on American Society DeVry University Abstract The subject of slavery has been the focus of a variety of controversies, debates, and protests throughout American history. Besides the Civil War era there has not been another time in history when slavery has been such a volatile topic as it has become in the last half decade. Even in modern day America the subject of slavery evokes significant discussions and has influenced legislative decisions such as the recent removal of the Confederate flag from South Carolina’s State House grounds and other government and public locations throughout the South. This paper seeks to review the literature attaching the history of slavery and present examples of the ethnic and cultural contributions that aided in the growth and diversity of America. It will also introduce examples of today’s societal issues including educational, economic, and social variances; the right to support cultural heritage; and the significant role history plays in influencing decisions made in America today. Introduction American history is filled with heinous acts that many would like to forget happened; slavery is no exception. Although it was a necessity of the times, slavery is undoubtedly one of the most volatile topics of discussion today; not just because of the inhuman and discriminatory treatment that was inflicted on an entire race, but also because of the perceived continued existence of some of those same...
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...2024 The Harlem Renaissance: A Flourishing of African American Culture The Harlem Renaissance was a pivotal period in American history that spanned the 1920s, marked by an extraordinary outpouring of African American art, literature, music, and thought. This cultural movement not only redefined African American identity but also had a profound impact on the broader American cultural landscape. The movement was characterized by a newfound sense of racial pride and a desire for social and economic equality. This book explores the contributions of key figures in the Harlem Renaissance, the impact of their work, and the lasting legacy of this significant cultural awakening. ORIGINS OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE The Great Migration, which saw millions of African Americans move from the rural South to urban centers in the North, set the stage for the Harlem Renaissance. Harlem, a neighborhood in New York City, became the epicenter of this cultural explosion. The migration brought a concentration of talented individuals who sought to escape the oppressive conditions of the South and to find new opportunities in the North. The vibrancy and diversity of Harlem provided the perfect environment for a cultural renaissance....
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...soil helped contribute to the city’s high economic base as a market, travel and exchange center, attracting a highly diverse population. During the early 20th century many of the arriving African American musicians began moving to an area in Memphis known as Beale Street. Beale Street allowed musicians to create soulful and emotionally charged music relating to the struggles they faced involving racism throughout the country (Charlton 9-10). Beale Street musicians such as W.C Handy later helped popularize a form of music throughout Memphis known as “the blues,” which would eventually become a nationwide craze throughout the United States. During the early 20th century Beale street contained the “largest urban black population in the south” (Robertson 4). Thousands of African Americans traveled from all over the U.S to Beale Street for a chance at a better lifestyle (Robertson 4). Beale Street attracted many former slaves to its union territory between the 1860’s and the 1870’s (Williams). With them the music they brought “was a blending of European form (12-bar structure) and African traditions (rhythm), accompanied by narrative lyrics (Conover 10). This synthesis of musical cultures helped to shape the development of the music of Memphis, and aided early musicians in creating a style of music later known as the blues. One important musician who incorporated these styles into the early shaping of the blues was William Christopher Handy. Handy was born eight years after the civil...
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...the music industry? What impact does racism and politics have on the artist and fan base? SUMMORIZE SOURCE INFORMATION FOR EACH ANNOTATION Suisman, David. "Co Workers in the Kingdom of Culture: Black Swan Records and the Political Economy of African American Music." Teaching the Journal of American History Vol. 90, No. 4.March 2004 (2004): 1295-1324. Web. 1 Mar. 2004. African American owned Record Company, which produced records for African American consumers, was faced with attempts by a large record corporation to force them into bankruptcy. Why would a large company do this for such a small African American owned company? How would it merit attention from African American people in this medium when you have more important subjects like voting rights and lynching? Moreover, why would it merit any attention at all, not to mention, selling records to black consumers. This article answers these questions and investigates the rise and fall of the small record company and explores the political economy in which it operated. Black Swan Records created by Henry H. Pace, who saw a way to respond to a hostile environment that African American people faced with, both in the entertainment industry and in American society. The protégé of W.E.B Du Bois, also saw that African Americans were not equally even when they were freed from slavery. Access to material goods that cultivate and motivate African Americans creative spirits were denied by America. The fear of African Americans, by...
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...of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2009 The Experience of African American Hospice Patient/Family with Board Certified Music Therapy as a Component of their Plan of Care Elizabeth Joy Gifford University of San Francisco, lgiffman1@aol.com Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.usfca.edu/dnp Part of the Nursing Commons Recommended Citation Gifford, Elizabeth Joy, "The Experience of African American Hospice Patient/Family with Board Certified Music Therapy as a Component of their Plan of Care" (2009). Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects. Paper 14. This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at USF Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact zjlu@usfca.edu. COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2 Section I: Introduction Statement of the Problem Although 60% of African Americans in the United States have stated that they would want hospice care when they are dying (AARP, 2003), they only comprise 8% of all hospice enrollees (NHPCO, 2007), despite the fact that they represent 13% of the total population in this country (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008). In fact, hospice care in this nation has always been underutilized by African Americans (Connor, Elwert, Spence, & Christakis, 2008). In the San Francisco Bay Area, among Medicare-certified...
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...Jazz This was a very interesting piece of work by Toni Morrison. I have read other works of Morrison’s and she has a way of writing that can’t be only captured in one point of view or perspective in my opinion. There is always this underlying metaphor or meaning that isn’t recognizable from first glance. In Jazz I feel that there are two things that are the major overtones of the novel. The first is the different affects and types of desires and the other would be the comparisons that can be made back to jazz music. First I want to touch on her concepts of desire. Morrison is theorizing the nature of desire; particularly African American females desire (Cannon, 235). The desires of the two main characters in the novel are what give the story its flare and captivity of the reader. The first example would be the husband Joe. He gets caught up in a love triangle with his wife Violet and mistress eighteen year old Dorcas. First was his going and seeking out Dorcas and having found that sexual desire he yearned for he then kills her to “keep the feeling going” (Cannon, 235). This is what brings Violet’s emotions to light. With her finding out about her husband’s disloyalty drives her into an instant state of anger and depression. Initially Violet only understands sexual desire and that becomes confusing upon the finding of her husband’s doings. Now that everything is in the open her sexual desires then start to manifest into jealous rage. Her first outburst of this jealous rage...
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...MUS 351 Midterm Review Terms * A&R: artistry and repertoire (material they perform). The division of a record label or music publishing company that is responsible for talent scouting and overseeing the artistic development of recording artists and/or songwriters. * Accent: a stress or special emphasis on a beat. * Amplification: artificial volume enhancement—an effect typically achieved through electronic means. * Answer song: song a song (usually a recorded track) made in answer to a previous song, normally by another artist. * Apollo Theater: The last stop in the Chitlin circuit in NYC where the Motown Revue performed for ten days. A music hall in the United States, and the most famous club associated almost exclusively with African-American performers. * Backbeat: extra emphasis on the second and fourth beats in quadruple meter. * Beat: a regular pulse which lasts throughout a piece of music. * Blues: a secular, predominantly black American folk music of the 20th century, which has a history and evolution separate from, but sometimes related to, that of jazz. * Bridge: a contrasting section which also prepares for the return of the original material section. * Call and response: a performance practice in which a singer or instrumentalist makes a musical statement which is answered by another soloist, instrumentalist, or group. * Chitlin’ circuit: the string of performance venues throughout the eastern, southern...
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...neighborhood of New York City, many French-speaking black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance.[1][2][3][4] The Harlem Renaissance is unofficially recognized to have spanned from about 1919 until the early or mid-1930s. Many of its ideas lived on much longer. The zenith of this "flowering of Negro literature", as James Weldon Johnson preferred to call the Harlem Renaissance, was placed between 1924 (the year that Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life hosted a party for black writers where many white publishers were in attendance) and 1929 (the year of the stock market crash and the beginning of the Great Depression). Contents [hide] 1 Background to Harlem 2 Development of African-American community in Harlem 2.1 An explosion of culture in Harlem 3 Music 4 Characteristics and themes 5 Influence of the Harlem Renaissance 5.1 A new black Identity 5.2 Criticism of the movement 6 Notable figures and their works 6.1 Novels 6.2 Short story collections 6.3 Drama 6.4 Poetry 6.5 Leading intellectuals 6.6 Visual artists 6.7 Popular entertainment 6.8 Musicians and composers 7 See also 8 References 9 External links 10 Bibliography Background to Harlem [edit] Until the end of the Civil War, the majority of African Americans had been enslaved and lived in the South. After the end of slavery, the emancipated African Americans began to strive for civic participation, political equality and...
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...WOMEN IN MUSIC Read the article “Black Music Critics and the Classic Blues Singer” by Phillip McGuire and answer the following discussion questions: 1. Why were the Blues considered “distasteful” by society? Blues was considered “distasteful” by society because there were so many people going around preaching and brainwashing the public. They wanted people to believe that blues was crude, barbaric, vulgar, suggestive, and a music form that should appeal only to animal emotions. 2. How were blues-women viewed by other “trained, professional” musicians? John Wesley Work III viewed the blues-women as a singer with “not much hope in earth-a thoroughly disillusioned individual… [who] translated everyday happenings into her own intimate inconvenience. Later in the article Dave Peyton from the Defender stated that black musicians should be trained and understand what they should do to meet European standards. 3. Discuss ways in which songs by blues-women represented social protest and reflected personal views of oppression. (You may give example of song lyrics.) Lyrics and titles represented social protest and personal views of oppression in the songs of blues-women. Throughout this article McGuire provided a number of examples that allowed his readers to see how blues-women exemplified these things...
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...Jazz and Rap What is known today as “pop” or popular music evolved in American society at the end of 19th centry. Pop music, which accounts for the majority of the music, is a mix of many different styles of music, such as jazz and rap. Although jazz and rap originate from two different groups of people, the African-American and South African, they are both musical art forms and related to African people. However, there are some obvious differences, which are reflected in instruments, musical styles and effects on the audience. First of all, different instruments have different effects on jazz and rap. Considering many genres of jazz, many instruments are used, such as piano, violin and guitar. “Meanwhile, the central instruments remained central, with the exception of the clarinet, and new approaches developed for the trombone, saxophone, piano, guitar, string bass, and drums”(Kernfeld 167). On the other hand, rap has no specific instruments to be used. Instead, making vocal imitations of instruments or body beat, which have the same effects as a drum, is the core of rap music. In addition, musical styles differ between jazz and rap. Heavy rhythms characterize the free-style poetry of rap. “Rhythm is such a key element to making a song sound great, the rhythm is actually where the lyrics begin for many artists-the rhythm is the first thing they come up with, before they even have words for the song”(Edwards p113-116) Moreover, the free-style rap is full of battle...
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