...International Air Transport Association - Introduction IATA - The International Air Transport Association - was founded in Havana, Cuba, in April 1945. It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe, reliable, secure and economical air services - for the benefit of the world's consumers. The international scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100 times larger than it was in 1945. Few industries can match the dynamism of that growth, which would have been much less spectacular without the standards, practices and procedures developed within IATA. At its founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today it has some 230 members from 126 nations in every part of the globe. The modern IATA is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association founded in the Hague in 1919 - the year of the world's first international scheduled services. Early Days The old IATA was able to start small and grow gradually. It was also limited to a European dimension until 1939 when Pan American joined. The post-1945 IATA immediately had to handle worldwide responsibilities with a more systematic organisation and a larger infrastructure. This was reflected in the 1945 Articles of Association and a much more precise definition of IATA's aims than had existed before 1939. To promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce, and to...
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...Transport and Logistics Systems Name Institutional affiliation Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 1.1. Introduction 4 2. Transport and modes of transport 5 2.1. Transport 5 2.2. The modes of transport 5 2.3. Air Transport 5 2.4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Transport 6 Advantages 6 2.5. Economic and Environmental Impacts of Air Transport 6 Economic Impact 6 2.5.1. Road Transport 7 2.6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Road Transport 7 Advantages 7 2.6.1.1. Economic and Environmental Impacts of Road Transport 8 2.6.2. Rail Transport 8 2.6.2.1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Rail Transport 9 2.6.2.2. Economic and Environmental Impacts of Rail Transport 9 2.6.3. Water Transport 9 2.6.3.1. Advantages and Disadvantages of water transport 9 2.7. Economic and Environmental Impacts of Water Transport 10 2.7.1. Pipeline Transport 10 2.7.1.1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Pipeline 10 2.8. Economic and Environmental Impacts of pipeline transport 10 2.9. Interrelationships between transport and logistics 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Abstract The whole process of transport determines the effectiveness of moving goods and people. The advancement in techniques and management roles improves the moving of commodities, service quality, operating...
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...| Vehicular Pollution and Sustainable remedies: New Delhi | [Type the document subtitle] | [Type the author name] [Pick the date] | Vehicular Pollution and Sustainable Remedies: New Delhi New Delhi, the capital of India is considered to be most polluted cities in the world caused by spectacular vehicular growth in the past 2-3 decades. It has been observed that air quality in New Delhi is deteriorating each day due to vehicular emissions that bring about great levels of ambient air pollutants in the city. Main Factors identified as reason for increased pollution due to vehicle are: High volume of traffic and urban population dynamics; excessive increase in private and personal vehicles; growing traffic jams; improper maintenance of vehicles; less eco-friendly mode of transport and bad fuel quality.(download). Automobile vehicles emit several pollutants depending upon the type and quality of fuel consumed by them. Major pollutants are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, photochemical oxidants, lead, particulate matters, oxides of sulphur and hydrocarbons etc. Vehicular emission cannot be avoided as it is released or emitted at ground level where we breathe (Ashok Kumar, N.D). Main Pollutants and Health Effects (Ashok Kumar, N.D) Pollutant | Health Effect | SPM | Damage of lungs, bronchitis and asthma | SO2 | Acid rain, damage to lungs, eyes and skin | NOx | Form Smog damage to respiratory system and eye irritation | CO | Toxic causes blood poisoning...
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...Research in Transportation Business & Management 10 (2014) 40–44 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Research in Transportation Business & Management Transferring low-cost marketing practices from air to rail services: The Ouigo case Paul Chiambaretto a,b, Anne-Sophie Fernandez c a b c MRM-Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier Business School, 2300 Avenue des Moulins, 34080 Montpellier, France Ecole Polytechnique, PREG-CRG, Bat. Ensta, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau, France MRM-ERFI, University of Montpellier 1, Espace Richter, Rue Vendémiaire, Bât. B, CS 19519, 34960 Montpellier Cedex, France a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 24 October 2013 Received in revised form 11 May 2014 Accepted 12 May 2014 Available online 29 May 2014 Keywords: Low-cost High-speed train Replication strategy Intra and intermodal competition a b s t r a c t More and more airlines have adopted a low-cost business model and many scholars have studied the characteristics of such marketing strategy. While other transport modes have decided to copy and adopt this strategy, we investigate how they replicate this business model. To do so, we in-depth study the operational and marketing characteristics of Ouigo, the new low-cost offer launched by the French rail operator SNCF in 2013. Based on interviews and secondary data (press articles, reports, etc.), we analyze how the rail operator has adapted the low-cost model used by airlines to the...
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...relationship. The write up will follow up with the EPA and other agencies reactions and discuss the impact and the changes in the logistics management by the companies around the world. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain Management refers to the flows of processes though which the goods are moved from the customer order to the acquisition of raw materials, supply, production, and distribution of the goods to the relevant customer. It basically refers to the management of the activities for the collections of raw materials to the production at the factories to the distribution of these goods. The manager must coordinate with all of these pieces in a cordial manner for the effective management of the supply chain (Mentzer, 2001). LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT Logistics Management is widely known concept in the global world. All companies rely on the logistics for the efficient flow of the goods and services. For Example: Industrial manufactures rely heavily on these logistics for the transportation of the mass-produced items. At the same time, the consumer goods manufactures want their goods to be delivered to the outlets and warehouses before the customer calls for it. Therefore, Logistics management has now evolved into one of the most important links in the supply chain process (DHL, 2010). Logistics refers to the part of the supply chain management that plans, implements and processes the flow of the goods and services from the source to the end consumer. It includes both thee...
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...Carriers and its model with implications for the future of the industry segment. 2/23/2014 [Student ID Number] [Name] Low Cost Carriers Has there been too much hype about the Low Cost Carrier concept? Characterize the LCC business model, assess their reasons for success and failure, is it a sustainable business model, or is it in transition? Can you provide an outlook for the future of this industry? Before delving into the topic, it is necessary to explain what Low Cost Carriers actually entail and what the underlying concept behind it is. There are different names for the low cost carriers which include budget airlines, discount airlines and even no-frill airlines. The concept behind LCC is to present the customer with a low cost air travel but with fewer benefits (Dresner and Lin, 1996). Since the ticket price is low, the airlines puts a price tag for extras in the flight in order to generate more revenue for the revenue lost through decreased prices on tickets. The airline companies are able to generate a low cost operating structure which allows them to charge a lower price and hence maintain a reasonable amount of profitability. In order to analyze the topic, it will be needed to trace the history of the pioneering Low Cost Carriers in the world and how their model started off and how it has evolved over time to accommodate the changing market trends. Various case studies will be looked upon related to different low cost airlines which have survived – such as South-West...
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...C13121173D PROGRAMME : BSSCM MODULE : PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT LEVEL : 2.1 ASSIGNMENT Discuss the policy instruments that the government of Zimbabwe applies to intervene in the freight-transport industry and point out in your view how these measures affect business logistics management and performance in the country. Introduction Transport policy deals with the development of a set of constructs and propositions that are established to achieve particular objectives relating to social, economic and environmental development, and the functioning and performance of the transport system. Policy has to be dynamic and evolutionary. The Relevance of Transport policies arise because of the extreme importance of transport in virtually every aspect of economic, social and political activities of nation states. The Logistics Performance Index ranked Zimbabwe at position 103 out of 155 economies, an indication on how difficult it is to move goods by roads in the country. Transport Sector Environment in Zimbabwe The transport sector environment is made up of public and private institutions and organisations. These are supported by legislation, which is implemented and policed by various institutions and individual operators of motor and non-motor transport. Legislation provides the methodology and procedure to handling and managing transport challenges and opportunities. The Institutions and organisations...
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...Running head: Transportation and Logistic Chain Ahmed Lajili Ali UB.ID# 0860828 University of Bridgeport Mechanical Engineering Master of science Principle of Logistic ((MEEG 574)) Pr. David Burnell Abstract Purpose: to introduce the issue of the transportation and logistics chains. Finding: outlines how the individual papers affect debate on the nature and development of transportation in the supply chain. Originality: provides a summary of the perspectives studied within the transportation in the supply chain. 1. Introduction My research is on the transportation and logistics chains. Products are transported between different places in different stages within a supply chain. The transportation has a large impact on both responsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation allows a supply chain to be more responsive but reduces its efficiency within a supply chain (Chopra & Meindle, 2007, p.53). Transportation has a significant impact, because it controls the speed of response and reply as stated in Newton's third law of every action there is always opposed an equal reaction. An example of Amazon is a company that sells products on the internet and uses UPS or FedEx, which is a transportation company that delivers products to customers. This is an example of transportation within a supply chain. In logistic today wrote article for Rosenau...
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...Case Study 2.1 - Senco Electronics Company Anonymous Student ASCI 644 Integrated Logistics in Aviation Management January 15, 2014 If a product has to be delivered to another country, you are basically left with only two choices, ocean freight or air freight. These two options differ in many ways and choosing between them should depend on the situation. Since the high tech computer industry reacts quickly to customer demand, using air transportation mode to transport goods across the Pacific is more reliable and provides more control over the flow rate of the product entering the U.S. market. By adopting a Just-in-Time manufacturing model, Senco or any other U.S. computer manufacturer could become more lean and efficient. This method alone would keep warehousing cost at a minimum and reduce out of stock items and keep customer satisfaction high. On the other hand, ocean freight allows for larger lot sizes, less shipment frequency, longer in-transit times and less reliability than shipment by air (Bowen & Leinbach, 2009). While air freight is most expensive, ocean fright is one of the cheapest ways to transport goods from one country to another. Cargo ships have large cargo holds and, more significantly, the cost of the voyage is shared by a lot of other cargo that is on the same ship. When delivery time is not an issue, this is the option that should be used because it will save you a lot of money (Zinner , 2011). On the other hand, the customer should always be left...
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...electronic commerce for logistics and freight transport Markus Hesse * Department of Earth Sciences, Geographic Sciences and Urban Research, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany Accepted 24 June 2002 Abstract The paper considers the significance of electronic commerce (e-commerce) for freight transport, logistics and physical distribution, regarding both business to business and business to consumer commerce. The possible implications of e-commerce are analysed in the broader context of structural change, going beyond narrow assessments that overstate the significance of e-commerce and its potential to make freight traffic more efficient. The main argument of the paper is threefold: first, most recent analyses of freight transport and logistics implications of e-commerce are overstating the current relevance of e-commerce applications on the one hand, and neglecting the influence of the underlying structural change in the entire logistics system on the other. Second, conventional analyses of certain efficiency benefits of ecommerce are probably too optimistic, whereas its negative effects are underestimated at the same time. E-commerce is likely to support longer transport distances and often higher delivery frequencies, increasing demand for land, due to the establishment of new transhipment points (distribution centres) and, to a certain extent, a shift towards truck and air freight transport modes. Third, e-commerce and IT are interrelated...
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...and Unions Fidel Castro HRM 531 June 20, 2011 Che Guevarra Labor Laws and Unions American Airlines Background American Airlines (AA) history goes back to 1926 when a young aviator named Charles A. Lindberg started air routes to transport mail between St. Louis to Chicago. Lindberg seek the help of other aviators and expanded to other types of types of services such as transport of foods. Later on under the name of American Airways, Lindberg acquired and organized other small airlines. The small airlines were mostly independent carries and they all were branded under American Airways. Throughout the decades AA participated in the development of our current mail systems and play important parts in the American conflicts such as World War II, where AA turned their fleet to the military, Air Transport Command, to include their air crews. AA has been always been reinventing itself offering new services, keeping itself with aviation technology and by introducing new customer services. It innovated with services like magnetronic reservoir to keep track of available seats. AA was the first to offer nonstop transcontinental service and later on the first to offer coast-to-coast jet service. They also introduced a Family Plan to give discount air fares to traveling families. AA attention to customer service introduces the first flight attendant college and the AADVANTAGE travel awards program. AA was the first airline to use electronic ticketing and it was one of the first...
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...PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA (University of the City of Manila) Intramuros, Manila COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Human Resource and Operations Management, Marketing Management Submitted to: Prof. Christopher Malanum Submitted by: Acuna, Charzel R. Alcoran, Rachelle Anne K. Aquino, Patricia Mae Ann E. AUGUST 2015 Part 1: Channels of Distributions Channels of Distribution Few producers sell their goods directly to final users. Instead, most use intermediaries to bring their products to market. According to Philip Kotler, distribution channel is a set of interdependent organizations that help make a product or service available for use or consumptions by consumer or business user. Here are some definitions from different websites: Goods and services often pass to consumers through multiple channels. While increasing the number of ways in which a consumer can find a good has the potential to increase sales, it also creates a complex system that can make distribution management difficult. In addition, the longer the distribution channel the less profit a product manufacturer might get from the sale. (Distribution Channel Definition| Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/distribution-channel.asp#ixzz3jhyoJ8Pg) The path through which goods and services travel from the vendor to the consumer or payments for those products travel...
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...continents across the world. It is based at the Kuala Lampur International Airport where its core operations are run, and recent statistics indicate that it has the strongest influence in East and south Asia regions. However, it is also important to note that its influence is also growing in Europe and Australia, which technocrats believe to be the growing influence in the kangaroo routes leading to Australia and the pacific (Alamdari & Fagan, 2005). The organization has undergone tremendous changes to position itself strategically in the rapidly changing world of air transport. With the increased competition ranging from the swiftly growing carriers including the Emirates, Qatar airways and Etihad airways, and the low cost competitors such as Air Asia and Jetstar to the well-established carriers such as Cathy Pacific and Singapore airlines, the organizations have enacted strategic changes to position itself on the global air transport market. The wakeup call came in 2005 when the airline experienced its worst experience. The Malaysia Airline System achieved success in two years and braced the impact of the financial meltdown that rocked the world at around that time. The underlying success factor behind its swift recovery attributes to the strategic and competitive strategies implemented, and effective decisions made that have since sustained its competitive advantage over other airlines (Alamdari & Fagan, 2005). It is not for any organization, let alone an airline industry to...
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...The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an industry trade group for airlines around the globe. IATA represents 240 airlines or 84% of total air traffic. They assist different aviation activities and help form industry policy on aviation issues. IATA was founded in Havana, Cuba in April 1945. They consisted of 57 members in 31 countries. They promote “safe, reliable, secure and economical air services” for their consumers worldwide. IATA’s schedule is 100 times larger than in 1945. “Few industries can match the dynamism of that growth, which would have been much less spectacular without the standards, practices and procedures developed within IATA.” IATA was able to small due to only being limited to Europe and North America. The current IATA we have today is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association founded in The Hague in 1999. That same year was the world’s finest international scheduled services. The old IATA was limited to certain regions until 1939 when Pan America joined. After 1945 IATA’s infrastructure kept growing and as a result, it led to larger responsibilities with a more systematic organization. IATA set out new aims much more precise than the ones before 1945. Including “promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce, and to study the problems connected therewith” also, “To provide means for collaboration among the air transport enterprises engaged directly...
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...JANUARY 2016 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION A management information system (MIS) is a computerized database of financial information organized and programmed in such a way that it produces regular reports on operations for every level of management in a company. It is also possible to obtain special reports from the system easily. But how does the information are being obtain and received throughout the world? Simply because wireless communication takes place. Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. The most common wireless technologies use radio. This is actually the process on how UPS are recognized all over the world. It is accessible and easily search and found by the customers because of the wireless communication. BACKGROUND OF STUDY Inter modal transport can be described as the transport of merchandise by at least two transport modes with a minimum of one stage being made by train, by truck, or by maritime modes. In other words, it is a cargo unit that is transferred from a transport mode to a another. The optimal combination of modes allows transporters to achieve what is known as economies of scope. In a majority of cases, the first and/or last steps of the cargo itinerary consist in truck transportation and are to be minimized. More than ever, delivery firms' activities are based on inter modal transport to optimize delivery times and, in turn, their...
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