...March 14, 2013 Anthropology 101 Dr.Tovar As far back as time goes many old cultures adapted a lifestyle of hunting and gathering food for themselves in order to survive. This was known as a foraging and it is one of the oldest methods of survival for small groups of tribes everywhere. However, this method had its good days and bad days. Sometimes hunters could bring back enough food to last them for a few days at a time, and then sometimes they wouldn’t find anything at all. So, the bond of kinship began to form amongst the tribe. The premise of a kinship bond was to share your goods and food with someone less fortunate. For example, in the San tribe if a group of hunters went out and only some came back with food, the other hunters would share some of their spoils as to help one another out. So as you can see and will find out, this lifestyle and kinship bond has the ability to help the San tribes prosper a long time. The San tribes of southern Africa live in the Kalahari Desert and have so for a long time thriving through foraging. Their concepts and principals of kinship ties are so straightforward and understandable that it is easy to see why they have flourished for centuries. Specific examples of kinship are shown through how this tribe thinks, how they act, and how they live their lives. When it comes to living day by day, the San use their women to gather all sorts of berries, nuts, and fruits to bring to eat while the men go and bring back the meat. Although they...
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...Idle No More Wilfredo Q. Mamaril Jr Stenberg College Idle No More The “Idle no More” movement is a grassroots political undertaking of a large group of Canadian Aboriginal people which consist of First Nations, Inuit’s and Metis. The primary focus of the movement is on Indigenous rights and environmental protection. It began as a fairly small group in Canada, but rapidly became international in scale essentially from rapid proliferation through the use of social media such as Facebook and Twitter (OJEN, n.d.). The movement has also attracted a great deal of attention in the Canadian national and local mainstream media, through rallies, protests, teach-ins and direct political actions. Political actions such as flash mobs and round dances around the country protested against omnibus Bill C-45 (currently known as the Jobs and Growth act, 2012) that was introduced and announce by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in October 2012 without consulting the Indigenous peoples (OJEN, n.d.). The vision of Idle No More is to “call on all people to join in a peaceful revolution, to honour Indigenous sovereignty, and to protect the land and water” (idlenomore.ca, n.d.). The Idle No More manifesto contends that “the state of Canada has become one of the wealthiest countries in the world by using the land and resources. Canadian mining, logging, oil and fishing companies are the most powerful in the world due to land and resources. Some of the poorest First Nations communities (such as...
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...Stove Fuel for Portable Pack Stove Quantity Notes Review Date BOB Pack Item (Write in other items as necessary) Clothing Lightweight Long Sleeve Shirt Pants Underwear Wool Hiking Socks Mid-weight Fleece Brimmed Hat Leather Work Gloves Shemagh Rain Poncho Shelter and Bedding Tarp Tent Sleeping Bag Ground Pad Fire Ignition Source Fire Tinder Waterproof Container Quantity Notes Review Date BOB Pack Item (Write in other items as necessary) First Aid First Aid Kit Insect Repellant Mylar Survival Blanket Hygiene Disinfecting Wet Napkins Hand Sanitizer All Purpose Soap Hygiene/Signal Mirror Small Pack Towel Toilet Paper Tools Survival Knife Multi-Tool Lighting LED Headlamp Mini LED Keychain Light Glowstick Candle Quantity Notes Review Date BOB Pack Item (Write in other items as necessary) Communications Cell Phone Crank Power Charger Emergency Radio with Hand Crank Survival Document Portfolio $500-$1000 in Small Denominations Quarters Local Area Map Compass Small Note Pad and Pencil Emergency Whistle Self Defense Pepper Spray Handgun Ammunition Miscellaneous 550 Parachute Cord Cotton Bandana Duct Tape 55 Gallon Contractor Grade Garbage Bag Resealable Bags in a Variety of Sizes Sunglasses N95 Face Mask Sewing Kit Quantity Notes Review Date BOB Pack Item (Write in other items as necessary)...
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...STAT 572 Survival Analysis HW7 Problem: Data set: WHAS, Covariates: AGE, SEX, MITYPE. Perform survival regression. 1. Data Description. In this case, there is one continuous variable (AGE), and two categorical variables (SEX, MITYPE). We are studying how these three predicators affect patients’ survival time. For SEX, Male=0 and Female=1. For MI Type of patients, there are three values: 1 | Q-Wave | ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) | 2 | Not Q-Wave | non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) | 3 | Indeterminate | | Table 1.1 MI type explanation 2. Variable Analysis Since AGE is a continuous variable, to be convenience, we make it as categorical variable CAGE using 25%, 50% and 75% quantile at FSTAT=1. Using PROC UNIVARIATE to decide the cut point as follows: Variables | 25% Quantile | 50% Quantile | 75% Quantile | AGE | 64 | 72 | 80 | Table 2.1 Quantiles Cut Point for AGE Thus, all the variables are categorical, such that we can use the LIFETEST to test if different levels of covariates have the same effect on the survival curve. We are doing hypothesis testing for each predictor: H0:SSEX=0=SSEX=1 vs. H1:Not H0 H0:SMI=1=SMI=2=S(MI=2) vs. H1:Not H0 H0:SCAGE=0=SCAGE=1=SCAGE=2=S(CAGE=3) vs. H1:Not H0 First, we will test the equality over SEX, and compare the KM curve using LIFETEST and PHREG. Test | Chi-Square | DF | Pr > Chi-Square | Log-Rank...
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...Chapter 3: Introduction to Reliability Theory Claver Diallo OUTLINE 1. Part 1: Basic Reliability Models 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. System Reliability function Probability distributions Reliability Block Diagram Serial and Parallel Structures Stand-by Structure k-out-of n Structure Complex structure 2. Part 2: Reliability of Structures 3. Part 3: Reliability Allocation 4. References 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Chapter 3 - Part 1: Basic Reliability Models SYSTEM System: a collection of components or items performing a specific function. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 STATE OF A SYSTEM A system is considered to be in one of the two following states: In operation (Up) Failed (Down) Transition from one state to the other occurs according to a known or unknown probability function. de aF de aF delllliiiiaF de aF 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 noitca ecnanetniaM noitca ecnanetniaM noitca ecnanetniaM noitca ecnanetniaM riapeR riapeR riapeR riapeR e eruliaF gn arepO gn arepO gniiiittttarepO gn arepO SYSTEM LIFETIME Lifetime is a measure of performance. Lifetime is a measure of performance. In general, lifetime is measured by the number In general, lifetime is measured by the of hours the system was in operation. number of hours the system was in operation. It can also be measured by the number of It can also be measured by the number of km or miles raced, number of pages copied, pages copied, km or miles raced, number wheel rotations, …etc. of wheel rotations, …etc. Lifetime (T) is a...
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...confronted with an unexpected survival situation man has the potential to overcome many challenges, beat incredible odds, and come out a survivor. But just what is survival anyway? Survival is the art of surviving beyond any event. To survive means to remain alive; to live. Survival is taking any given circumstance, accepting it, and trying to improve it, while sustaining your life until you can get out of the situation. And most importantly, survival is a state of mind. Survival depends a great deal on a person's ability to withstand stress in emergency situations. Your brain is without doubt your best survival tool. It is your most valuable asset in a survival situation. It isn't always the physically strong who are the most effective or better at handling fear in emergency situations. Survival more often depends on the individual's reactions to stress than upon the danger, terrain, or nature of the emergency. To adapt is to live. Mental skills are much more important than physical skills in survival situations. A person's psychological reactions to the stress of survival can often make them unable to utilize their available resources. You most likely won't use your physical skills if you don't have a positive mental attitude. One definitely must be in the proper frame of mind to survive an unplanned survival situation. Attitude or psychological state is most certainly number one. It is undoubtedly the most important ingredient of survival. With the proper attitude almost...
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...1. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was created on 13, September, 2007 by the General Assembly in New York, America. | 2. The declaration was created for all Indigenous Peoples so that they were returned the rights they deserved, such as the rights to their language, employment, health, education and other major issues. | 3.“As an international instrument, the Declaration provides a blueprint for Indigenous peoples and governments around the world, based on the principles of self-determination and participation, to respect the rights and roles of Indigenous peoples within society. It is the instrument that contains the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of Indigenous peoples all over the world” - Mick Gooda, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner. | 4.Was a turning point in the struggle for Indigenous Rights because this statement was created after a long time of suffering endured by the Indigenous Peoples. | 5.It reduced the levels of disadvantage and discrimination, returned the Indigenous Peoples their rights to cultural identities, self- representation, and to their values and beliefs have been noticeably respected at an international level. | 6.The world’s indigenous peoples do not share the same story of colonization. In the New World, white European colonizers arrived and settled on the land, disregarding the Indigenous people. | 7.Many countries have continued to tackle the problem of...
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...Tran 1 Duc Tran INDV 150 10/03/2009 Why they survived The novel “Life of Pi” by Yann Mantel is one of the most interesting ones I have ever read. The protagonist Pi Patel really impressed me with his amazing story. He survived 227 days after a shipwreck, while stranded on a boat with a Bengal tiger in the Pacific Ocean. After reading the novel, I was pushed strongly to find more information about survivors like Pi. And I was so surprised when I found out that all these survivors shared the same traits. First, a survivor must have saved his precious energy and not wasted time confronting the others who were on the same boat. That means he must have stood calm in the difficult situation. Pi did that when he tried not to fight against dangerous animals such as a hyena, an orangutan and a tiger. He kept away from them and let them fight against the other. Then Richard Parker killed the hyena and Pi tried to tame the tiger. In addition to Pi, Kiley, whose story was mentioned in the article “Miraculous survivors: Why they live while others die” by John Blake of CNN, also kept away from her two male companions in the boat who bickered and cursed with the others. Because the two men wasted much energy on fighting so they died shortly after the shipwreck. And due to her ruthless decision, Kiley survived. Second, all these survivors were able to control themselves and hope for the best. What helped them most was the act of prayer. Both Kiley and Pi always prayed all the time...
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...What Is The Most Important Thing To Survive A Disaster? ‘The End is Near’ – While this short but somewhat perturbing phrase might have become a common sight since the Mayan prediction of 2012, reactions to it vary from one person to another. However, deep down, everyone realizes that it could indeed be the grave truth and naturally feel apprehensive. In such a situation, the next sensible step is to acquire training in survival skills and make adequate preparations should disaster strike sooner than expected. Given the fact that ‘End’ could arrive in various ways – an explosion, a natural disaster or an accident being some of the possibilities – the onus is on you to grasp the situation and swing into action swiftly and logically. Ensuring survival is the main objective and for fulfillment of this goal, presence of one factor, namely the will and determination to survive followed by resilience, is a must. True though it is that your training will teach you what to do in the event of a disaster and how to organize things around you, first and foremost it is imperative to maintain clarity of thought and resisting panic attacks. Panic is the first reaction that most humans exhibit when faced with a disaster irrespective of its magnitude and it does take plenty of fortitude to overcome this emotion but it must be done. Letting panic sweep over your thoughts would not just cloud your judgment but also plunge you into the depths of despair wherein the temptation to give up would...
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...the theory that persons, groups, and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin had perceived in plants and animals in nature. According to the theory, which was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the weak were diminished and their cultures delimited, while the strong grew in power and in cultural influence over the weak. Social Darwinists held that the life of humans in society was a struggle for existence ruled by “survival of the fittest,” a phrase proposed by the British philosopher and scientist Herbert Spencer. The social Darwinists—notably Spencer and Walter Bagehot in England and William Graham Sumner in the United States—believed that the process of natural selection acting on variations in the population would result in the survival of the best competitors and in continuing improvement in the population. Societies, like individuals, were viewed as organisms that evolve in this manner. The theory was used to support laissez-faire capitalism and political conservatism. Class stratification was justified on the basis of “natural” inequalities among individuals, for the control of property was said to be a correlate of superior and inherent moral attributes such as industriousness, temperance, and frugality. Attempts to reform society through state intervention or other means would, therefore, interfere with natural processes; unrestricted competition and defense of the status quo were in accord with biological selection....
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...demonstrations Hamilton became one of the most important evolutionary theorists of the twentieth century through his concepts of kin selection and altruist behavior in nature. As he realized that the simplicity of natural selection could only be seen in an objective viewpoint, he began to search for further evidence of selection and evolution more subjectively until coming to the conclusion that evolution works through genes. Hamilton unveiled the behavioral pattern of altruism (sacrificing one’s life for the survival of others) in animals and came to the conclusion that such behavior in their species was, for the most part, due to gene propagation and it happened within members of a group that were closely related to one another. According to Hamilton, these genes that are passed on help determine altruistic behavior in future generations also. This type of natural behavior is known as kin selection “(acts of altruism performed by an individual that, while of no survival nor reproductive benefit to that individual, results in the passing on of the genes that caused the altruistic behavior.)” Altruistic behavior in nature takes part in processes such as evolutionary fitness (determines how good organisms are at getting their genes into future generations) and individual or group selection (some individuals or groups specifically survive to reproduce certain genes that will increase in frequency in the next generations.) Its evolution can happen through processes of cooperative...
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...War usually tells us a story that is about death, violence, brutality and tragedy faced by the soldiers that are sent to the battlefield. However, war doesn’t only tell that story, but rather looks at the survival and sacrifices that soldiers must face in order to survive – and uncovers the true reality of war. This can be seen in selected stories from Tim O’Brien’s novel the things they carried and Wilfred Owen’s WWI poem Dulce Est decorum. Through the individual stories the man I killed and the things they carried, we are able to explore how the author struggles to deal with the effects of war, surviving through the guilt and heartache of expected murder and sacrificing individual dreams in order to keep his team safe. Similarly, Owen’s poem explores how individuals have to survive through the ghastly environments associated with war at the cost of individual lives. Both texts reveal how men at war are forced to sacrifice their hopes and dreams in order to survive the demands of war. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, the things they carried, the composer gives us an insight into the mindset and the emotional depth of soldiers in war, and the difficult sacrifices needed to make in order to survive. The theme of sacrifice is most evident in the chapter the things they carried, as the main character Jimmy Cross faces a moral dilemma; to either sacrifice his dreams, or to sacrifice the safety of his team, after the death of Ted Lavender in which he felt responsible for. The quote “He had...
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...The Netsilik people’s arctic environment produced little plant life, so the Netsilik had to rely on hunting to obtain most of the resources they needed to survive. The Netsilik would hunt caribou on the tundra. They used just about every part of the caribou to increase the survivability in such a harsh climate. The Netsilik people implemented caribou bone, hide, and meat to survive in the arctic tundra. The Netsilik people implemented caribou bones to make several different types of tools for several different types of functions. The cleaned caribou bones could be made into many different tools such as knives, blades and fleshers. The father in the video was making arrows for his bow using the caribou’s bones. He also created a toy for his child using some bone and a string. Archaeologists could find remnants from these tools by finding broken/whole ones near a settlement of one of these family groups. The Netsilik people implemented caribou hide to create there shelter, and clothes. Caribou hides were ideal for winter clothing. In the video, the mother cut the hair from the hides then scraped the fat and flesh from the inner surface. This work was often done using tools made from caribou bone or antler. Then she was drying it to later create clothes for her family or possibly add on the shelter. The shelter was made from caribou hides sewn together and secured over a structure of willow poles. The hides dried with fur were used as sleeping mats as shown in the...
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...How are the thoughts and feelings presented in the extract from Origin of the Species? Compare to War of the Worlds. The extract from Darwin’s Origin of Species – ‘Recapitulation and Conclusion’ – presents Darwin’s final ideas of Natural Selection and to convince and challenge the scientific community, as well as the general population due to the religious controversy. Similarly to Darwin’s extract, the novel ‘The War of the Worlds’ by H. G. Wells also challenges traditional thinking and presents ideas of Natural Selection. However, indicates a sense of fear and shock at the rate of changing opinions which are presented through language, structure and form. Both the extract and the novel present ideas of change in the fields of science and religion. Darwin presents the idea that science is much more powerful than originally thought. Although, does not dismiss religion, therefore creating a balanced argument, which makes his theologies more accepted by the readers. ‘…not as special creations, but lineal the descendants…’ This quote is representative of Darwin’s controversial ideas as he is disagreeing with past assumptions by suggesting a limit to God’s power – ‘not as special creations...’, highlighting that man or God has...
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...Preface In our data analysis we do some univariate analysis before proceeding to models. In survival analysis it is highly recommended to look at the Kaplan-Meier curves for all the categorical predictors. This will provide insight into the shape of the survival function for each group and give an idea of whether or not the groups are proportional. We also consider the tests of equality across strata to explore whether or not to include the predictor in the final model. For the categorical variables such as marital, eservice, plusservice and totalservice we use the log-rank test of equality across strata which is a non-parametric test. For the continuous variables such as age, address, income, education, employment, and reside we use a univariate Cox proportional hazard regression which is a semi-parametric model. Univariate analysis We consider the Chi-squared test for age, address, income, education, and employ. All the variables have p-values of 0.0000 thus age, address, income, education, and employ are the potential candidate for the final model since the p-value is less than our cut-off value of 0.2. But we get different result in case of reside. We consider the Chi-squared test for reside which has a p-value of 0.5413 thus reside is not a potential candidate for the final model since the p-value is more than our cut-off value of 0.2. The log-rank test of equality across strata for the predictor marital has a p-value of 0.0136, thus marital will be included as a potential...
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