...360 CRIME AND ALCOHOL MCGLOTHLIN, W., COHEN, S., & MCGLOTHLIN, M. S. (1967). Long-lasting effects of LSD on normals. Archives of General Psychiatry, 17, 521–532. NASH, H. (1962). Alcohol and caffeine: A study of their psychological effects, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. ROE, A. (1946). Alcohol and creative work. Quarterly Journal of the Study of Alcohol, 415–467. TART, C. T. (1971). On being stoned. Palo Alto. CA: Science and Behavior Books. is complex (involving multiple factors in addition to alcohol), and that alcohol is often blamed without justification for criminal offenses. HOW OFTEN DOES DRINKING PRECEDE THE COMMISSION OF CRIMES? The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), an agency of the U.S. Department of Justice, reviewed the role alcohol played in crime by looking at convicted offender data from 1996 (Greenfield, 1998). On an average day in 1996, an estimated 5.3 million convicted offenders were under the supervision of criminal justice authorities. Nearly 40% of these offenders, about two million, had been using alcohol at the time of the offense for which they were convicted. Whether the offender was on probation or was incarcerated in a local jail or a state prison, offenders were about equally likely to have been drinking at the time of the crime. What they consumed was similar, with beer being the most commonly used alcoholic beverage: 30 percent of probationers, 32 percent of jail inmates, and 23 percent of state prisoners said that they had been drinking...
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...Alcohol Abuse and How it Affects Everyone S. Adams Should society care about alcohol abuse? Many people believe that to consume alcohol is a personal choice and an expression of free will. Some of those people don’t consider how alcohol use affects anyone other than the drinker. By listening to alcohol advertising and watching actors in movies one would get the impression that alcohol gives people an increased social status; they become self-confident, sexually attractive, and fun to be around. Initially people start out drinking for fun; it can relax and reduce inhibitions but at some point and for whatever reasons some people become addicted and can’t stop. What often begins as a fun escape and great stress relief can become a habit that can destroy everything good in life. Eventually everyone becomes affected by alcohol use in one way or another. The purpose of this paper is to prove that alcohol affects people who don’t drink alcohol at all or those who drink responsibly. Research suggests that alcoholism is a societal disease that negatively affects everyone because alcohol abuse creates higher crime rates, alcoholics cause more accidents and create higher costs in the workplace, and alcohol creates an increase in health-related issues. There is a strong correlation between alcohol use and violent crime, which is how the phrase “mean drunk” came about. People that abuse alcohol are six times more likely to commit a violent crime and thirteen times more likely to commit...
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...Do liquor sales affect the crime rates in the Richmond Tri-Cities area? The Authorization Statement The purpose of this comprehensive data analysis will utilize secondary data to determine if there is a direct correlation between liquor sales and crime rates in the tri- cities area. Project Summary TITLE: The proposal will provide a comprehensive data analysis regarding is there a direct correlations between liquor sales and crimes rates in the tri-cities area PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The purposed project analysis will collect 10 years of sales data from the Virginia ABC Board and the City of Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County crime statistics reports in an effort to determine if liquor sales have an effect on the crime rates in the tri-cities area. Due to the large data volume, the team will provide the following data analysis: i. Provide two sets of independent data that will be composed into Scatter Charts. ii. If the team determines there is a direct correlation between liquor sales and crime rates, the team will proceed in determining the Linear Regression and the Coefficient of determination regarding liquor consumption and criminal behavior. iii. A comprehensive summary report with itemized data and presentation will be presented with an answer to the teams’ hypothesis: Does liquor sales affect the crime rate in the Richmond Tri-cities area? SCOPE OF PROJECT To determine if...
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...Physiology and Psychological Distress of family and friends of an Addict. Vonsha Marshall COM/156 July 7, 2013 University of Phoenix Ms. Roberts Introduction Even though you may not be the person using alcohol or drugs, or violating the law, you can Certainly be a victim of an alcohol or drug-related crime. In fact, millions of people each year are victims of alcohol or drug related crime, including millions of young people. (NCADD, 2013). Generation after generation have suffer from some form of psychological and physical distress dealing with a love one are a close friend whom may have had an alcohol or drug addiction. Ranging from lied to for no reason, stole from or spending our money to bail them out of jail as well as providing transportation to and from different places. Everyone seem to overlook the matter of the physiology and psychology distress that an addict my cause to different individuals as well as family members. People who use drugs and alcohol are often times attempting to numb disturbing emotional and psychological pain that they don't want to feel (Dayton, 2010). Over the years I have witness several friends allow some type of addiction to take over their daily routine. Fighting a battle within a battle, numbing the pain only to be faced with pain again. Living with addiction often results in cumulative trauma that deeply affects family members. When addicts are using they are, for all intents and purposes, out of their minds...
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...Alcohol Related Problems Introduction Alcohol related problems is one of today’s contemporary issues, as there are studies that suggest that due to alcohol related problems there are various impacts that it can have to an individual, and it can include social harms and any antisocial behaviour, such as alcohol fueled violence. This literature review will explore academic readings that can help assist identity key issues relating to a criminology perspective of alcohol related problems. Alcohol can have a huge impact on an individual lives which can also effect the community. Ergo, based on past research from the academic readings this literature review will explore prevention strategies that help reduce social harm to the individual and the community, and also the consequences that alcohol can lead to. Benefits of the Literature Review By analysing the academic sources, it can assist in gaining proper knowledge of the effects that alcohol can lead to and the prevention strategies that are able to prevent and reduce social harm to the individual and community from the misuse of alcohol. Ergo, this literature review will benefit ‘assignment three’ as it is able to give a proper understanding of ‘alcohol related problems’ within areas, such as Manly. Consequences of Alcohol Related Problems The Australian Medical Association (2012) mentions that most Australians, especially the youths within society are drinking in a way that puts their own health at risk, which...
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...started the law which mentioned all intoxicating liquors whether it be sale, transportation, or any other related alcohol usage is prohibited. The Volstead Act also helped in enforcing prohibition for the amendment. During this time there was a lack of support in trying to ban alcohol amongst many individuals and groups but the ban still continued on thanks to the help of the Anti-Saloon League. This organization enabled legislation for the enforcement of national prohibition beginning in 1920. Although it was passed and did reduce the availability of alcohol, it failed to do what is was meant to do. Prohibition directly led to the increase in crime and corruption during the twenties, the public health problems associated with bootleg liquor, alcohol substitutes, the irritated tensions between religious, racial, social groups, and political disturbance. A nation of drunkards was persistent in the U.S. Neil Dowe gathered thousands of signatures demanding the ban of sale of alcohol. It was passed in Maine but sooner decayed over years. Temperant walked the streets and drunkenness of was no more. People found loopholes around the law such as liquor sellers hiding it underneath their pantlegs called bootleggers. Men were more occupied on drinking rather than supporting their own families. Prior to the 20th century, there had never been national attempt to restrict alcohol production in the America. However, by the end of that century, various groups started pushing for prohibition...
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...pag-inom anumang oras na gusto nila. - Alcoholics maaaring mabawi nang walang tulong mula sa pamilya. Alcohol consumption can have adverse social and economic effects on the individual drinker, the drinker’s immediate environment and society as a whole. Indeed, individuals other than the drinker can be affected, for example, by traffic accidents or violence. It has an impact on society as a whole in terms of resources required for criminal justice, health care and other social institutions. Strong efforts are made in many countries to estimate the overall economic and social costs ofalcohol use. Social and economic costs cover the negative economic impacts ofalcohol consumption on the material welfare of the society as a whole.They comprise both direct costs - the value of goods and services delivered to address the harmful effects of alcohol, and indirect costs - the value of personal productive services that are not delivered as a consequence of drinking. In industrialized countries, estimates of social and economic costs ofalcohol use can reach several percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), ranging for instance from 1.1% in Canada to 5-6% in the case of Italy. Estimates of social and economic costs can help: * make the case for public policies on alcohol, * target policies and public expenditure on the most important problems (e.g. the costs of alcohol versus other psychoactive...
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...Name Course Tutor Date Drug, Alcohol, and Crime Introduction Alcohol refers to an intoxication ingredient that’s found in wine, beer, and liquor while a drug relates to any substance apart from food that if smoked, inhaled, injected, consumed or is dissolved under the tongue it results in a physiological change of the body. The combination of the two might lead in a crime which is can be denoted as unlawful practices that are punishable by the law. Alcohol and drugs contribute much to the high rate of the offence in most societies though considering other risk factors such as child exposure to violence and mental or biological health. The risk factors aside research have examined alcohol and drug abuse to be the major contributor to crime. The relationship of narcotics to crime is quite complex and yet controversial; the puzzling question is whether people who use drugs are already crime oriented or is there a direct connection between drugs and alcohol consumption to criminal activities. Taking a case study of the Australian community it has been documented that the estimated cost of alcohol and drug-related crime range from $1.96 billion to over $4 billion. The statistics are quite the same to every as alcohol and drugs prove to be the biggest ingredient to spark up the crime. Through observational study, it has been identified that illegal drug users who engage in intensive drug use are bound to amplify and take part in pre-existing criminal activities. This has sensitized...
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...status of cannabis during 1619-1915, coupled with a ban on alcohol during 1920-1933, has provoked questioning of the rationality of the current US federal legislation on both drugs, as marijuana is currently illicit whilst alcohol is not. Research has suggested that marijuana could be equally if not more beneficial than alcohol to the economy, with fewer negative externalities. This discussion has been sparked anew after the states of Colorado and Washington infringed federal legislation by instating the open legality of marijuana. The topic, in current debate, must be viewed objectively to reach a valuable conclusion, since much of the argument is highly opinionated and biased owing to the stigma attached to such substances. Marijuana is currently a Schedule I substance under federal law whereas alcohol is federally regulated through the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) alongside stringent state and county laws. Existing federal law makes alcohol legal to those over the age of 21, with high taxation placed on consumption. Hence, the substance is highly regulated, although not currently prohibited. We intend to examine the economic effects that alcohol has on the economy and compare these findings with the hypothetical benefits of legalised marijuana. Analytically considering the reasoning behind its current illegal status, we will compare the negative externalities of cannabis against those of alcohol to determine whether there is logic behind the prohibition...
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...Amendment Introduction I am not a drinker; I am seventeen. But even as someone who doesn’t fully realize the effects and significance of alcohol in our society, I can recognize simple freedoms and liberties, like being allowed to drink alcoholic beverages, even if I was always told growing up that it wasn’t necessarily a good thing to do. So I view the 18th Amendment, the prohibition of alcohol, as an amendment that did more harm than good being passed: it infringed on simple drinking rights, it stunted economic growth, and encouraged illegal alcoholic distribution and a rise in criminal activity. Which is why I am glad that the 21st Amendment was introduced to repeal the prohibition of alcohol as a good thing, short and...
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...Philmon Com 156 October 09, 2011 Diana Marquez Legalization of Cannabis The controversial issue of legalizing cannabis is a topic worth discussing. Let’s look at each aspect of health risks and benefits to the legalization of cannabis. Legalizing cannabis could have a positive effect on the crime rate in America as the statistics will show this. The most beneficial part of legalizing cannabis will be the economic gains that will come from legalizing marijuana. While there are some health risks associated to the legalization of cannabis the benefits of a decrease in crime and increases in the economy greatly out weigh the cons to legalizing cannabis. There are many health benefits and risks to the legalizations of cannabis. Cannabis is used to treat patients who have pain associated with certain diseases like human immunodeficiency virus. The pain that these patients endure is called neuropathic pain. In a study done by “Dr. Ellis and colleagues found that 46 percent of patients administered medical marijuana experienced at least a 30 percent reduction in pain” (Uddin, 04/11). Having a pain reduction without having to take a pill is a plus as there are many side effects that go along with some pain pills. Another benefit to the use of cannabis is an increase in appetite. This is very important in patients undergoing cancer treatment. “Medicinal marijuana can signal a food craving within a patient's body, encouraging the patient to eat to provide energy...
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...control a man’s appetite by legislation and makes crimes out of things that are not crimes” said by Abraham Lincoln. (patheos.com) “One vigorous clash between small-town and big-town and big city Americans began. In January 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect. This amendment launched the era known as Prohibition, during which the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited”. (The Americans) Prohibition had both positive and negative effects in the 1920’s. Prohibition had a number of successes. For example, “wife beating and lack of family support decreased 82%, drunkenness decreased 55.3%, assault decreased 53.1%, vagrancy decreased 52.8%, disorderly conduct decreased 51.5%, delinquency decreased 50.0%”. (prohibitionists.org)...
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...country's well being. On the other hand, prohibition had negative impacts on organized crime increasing its rate because there were high demands for alcohol, which criminal businesses illicitly sold smuggling and bootleg industries were developed by gangsters and organized crimes, increasing people to drink alcohol rather than diminishing...
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...Beginning in 1920, the 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol, but the idea of sobriety began more than a century earlier. Eventually, religious groups, politicians, and social organizations supported total abolishment of alcohol, leading to Prohibition. The 18th Amendment caused an influx of organized crime and was eventually repealed in 1933. Why did Americans want the Prohibition amendment passed? How did Prohibition fit into the goals of the progressive reform? What were its effects, and why was it eventually repealed? And was the passage of this amendment right or wrong? The Prohibition, started with the ratification of the 18th Amendment in 1919. The ban was not officially put into effect until January...
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...problem due to its diverse effects that not only impact on an individual drinker, but also on the society as a whole. This is particularly because the damaging effects of alcoholism are directly linked to many social evils which may affect individuals otherwise not related to the drinker. According to Wells and Graham (34), the society normally pays a heavy price for alcoholism in the form of traffic accidents, family or domestic problems, health issues and medical expenses and interpersonal violence. One of the major social consequences of alcoholism is its potential negative impacts on the family. Studies suggest that alcoholism is behind a significantly high percentage of the instances of domestic violence including physical or verbal abuse of spouses or children, and is responsible for the break up of many marriages. For example, intoxicated events can have lasting consequences in the family through domestic violence. In addition, money spent on buying alcohol particularly by heavy drinkers may divert scant economic resources that could have otherwise been used for the benefit of the family. It is also worth noting that children living in the family with an alcoholic normally have higher rates of depression, lower grades and frequently feel socially isolated. Another important damaging effect of alcoholism to the society is related to its link with higher rates of violent crime and conflicts in neighborhoods. Generally, the consumption of alcohol particularly at higher levels...
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