...advertising agencies exert over the general public is not being used responsibly. Essentially, advertising is trying to accomplish four objectives: first, advertisements are meant to create awareness, second they strive to establish a brand’s name and identity, third advertisements seek to provide information to the public in a way that is memorable and lastly, and controversially, advertisements are used to convince the consumer that he or she will be better off with their product. (Business Ethics: Truth in Advertising, film) Some advertisements have been accused of more egregious violations of ethical behavior, in particular advertisements for alcohol and tobacco. While the use of most products will not directly kill you, if alcohol and tobacco are used as instructed they will lead to death; these products have no redeeming value. Alcohol related...
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...Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs: A Community Concern Introduction Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use on college and university campuses poses tremendous concern for parents, students, higher education professionals, governmental officials, and the general community. No school is immune to substance use and resulting adverse consequences. Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana are the most commonly used drugs on college campuses, but this use encompasses drugs of varying forms including amphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, hallucinogen, inhalants, opioid, phencyclidine, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, steroids, and polysubstances. An essential feature of substance abuse is a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to recurrent and clinically significant impairment or adverse consequences. Substance use and abuse are characterized by noted inefficiencies in life functioning, impaired relationships, high-risk behavior, and recurrent legal troubles. Substance dependency emerges from repeated use of the substance despite significant problems related to its use. Substance abuse appears to be etiologically linked to "complex interactions of genetic predisposition, psychological vulnerability, and sociocultural influences" (Archer and Cooper, p. 77). Extensive family history of addiction, poor self-esteem, negative emotional orientation, and few coping skills actively play a role in substance dependency. Skewed perceptions of social norms, peer values and behaviors, and pre-college...
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...Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs The use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs has been going on for many years legally and illegally. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 66% of people from the age of 12 or older reported in 2014 that they drank alcohol in the past 12 months, with 6.4% meeting the criteria for an alcohol use disorder (NIDA). A major cause of death in today’s time is drunk driving, about 5 thousand people die under the age of 21(NIDA). Among that same population, approximately 25.2% were also users of tobacco of some sort (NIDA). The use of other drugs, prescription and illegal, is at 10.2% (NIDA). One of the major causes of death is a result of alcohol. Ethyl alcohol or ethanol, better known as alcohol, is produced by the fermentation yeast (NIDA). It is a nervous system depressant which can be found many different beverages such as wine, beer, and other hard liquors. Depending on the amount consumed, it will have different effects on the body also depending on the persons weight, metabolism, amount of food eaten beforehand or during, and how fast the alcohol is consumed. The consumption of alcohol while consuming illicit drugs is very dangerous. With alcohol being a depressant and the drug (if it is a depressant) will make the depressant effect more intense will lead to memory loss, coma, or even death. On the other hand, if the drug is a stimulant it can alter your judgment of how intoxicated you really are since they have...
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...During economic hardship, many “sensitive” topics, such as tobacco, drugs and alcohol are always on the table for debate; since they influence and impact our personal lives, people’s beliefs and the economy. As the United States of America continues on its present path of accumulating a deficit, many political opinions and justification will be voiced to clarify the excessive funds allocated to aid various tobacco, drugs and alcohol programs/budgets. These programs includes, but not limited to: education and awareness; local support groups; rehabilitation centers to medical finance assistance for care and medication. The programs listed above can easily be justified by local, state and/or national government bodies, but how about monies that are being missed used and/or irrelevant in helping society, which I like to, refer them as “scam expenses”. Tobacco products in the United States have influence two major problems in today’s economy. First, in recent years, numerous state governments have enacted higher tax rates on cigarettes. The governments overall explanation of higher tariff of tobacco products would hopefully lead to a decrease smoking rates. However, some disagree and different publications note the increase in taxes was solely for the purpose of increasing revenue. Overall state tax revenue from tobacco sales have dwindled in recent years in states like New York, which presently has the highest state tax on cigarettes in the United States. At first glance, people...
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...Teenagers are faced with many life altering decisions and are often influenced by friends, family and social media. Unfortunately, many teenagers are making the wrong decisions and turning to other outlets such as drugs and alcohol. Due to these decisions, the rate of drug and alcohol use is on the rise and our society seems to be a part of this problem. Between the ages of twelve and nineteen is a period in a teenager’s life that determines what kind of adult he or she will become. This period of adolescence, is known as the “formative years. Parents teach their children at a very young age the importance of friendship. Many friendships begin as early as pre-school. Adults begin teaching children the importance of friendship and fitting in, being the cool kid or the popular kid is taught in the early years of school. Social interaction is important; however, at what cost do we as parents pressure our children at this crucial age the importance of being part of the in-crowd? Do we as adults set the pace for our children to continue this form of belief as they move into adolescents that they feel the need to stay part of the in crowd an succumb to peer pressure? Another contributing factor that could be adding to the use of drugs and alcohol in adolescents could be the lack of parenting time and family time in our society today as well as the number of divided families. With both parents out of the home working, youth are given an increased amount of time that they...
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...The question, “Should health care be funded by an increased tax on alcohol and tobacco products?”, is an important question within the current climate in America, whereby the cost of health care is sky-rocketing, with no seeming end in sight. I propose that increasing taxes on these products is an enormous not only a benefit to the health care system but also a benefit to society as a whole. The burden of these increased taxes would be relatively minor to each individual, who uses either alcohol or tobacco, but would add up to a large contribution to the overall health budget, when all of these taxes are pooled together. Not only would this provide a positive financial contribution, it could also lower the burden of the health-care needs of individuals who drink and smoke. Research has shown that increasing taxes on alcohol alone decreases the number of car crashes by a such marked degree, that this in itself would justify raising taxes on alcohol. The fact that this is particularly evident in teenage drinkers only underscores the positive impact that these taxes would have....
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...progressively abused. This study’s central concern is the ethical dilemma plaguing advertisements in Lebanon. It focuses on how Lebanese people, especially the youth, are manipulated and influenced by the ethical digression exposed in advertisements. The three aspects examined were the portrayals of sexual appeals, alcohol and tobacco since they represent the most mistreated issues. The study used an electronic survey consisting of ten questions intended to depict the opinions of Lebanese people on current advertisements. It was found that the male and female participants mutually find present ads to be inappropriate when considering these aspects. Alcohol, tobacco and sexual portrayals pose a concern to the participants rendering them unethical. A general consensus proposed stricter regulatory measures to be taken against such advertisements. Lebanese advertisers must venture for opportunities and methods to publicize ideas and products without submitting them to immoral standards. Further recommendations and research gaps are presented in the study. Introduction: The Ethical Predicament of Advertisements: An in-depth study of publicizing tobacco, alcohol and sexual appeals. Imagine a world where humans are mentally captivated, fed through prescribed tubes and artificial packages and continuously exposed to selected dogmas, images and understandings. A situation seeming unbearable, torturous or even anachronistic, unfortunately describes the situation of our world...
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...by using the Table of Contents. If you need more specific or detailed information, you may obtain copies of the complete TTB regulations, Title 27 CFR (which includes Part 31, Alcohol Beverage Dealers), by visiting TTB's Regulations page at TTB.gov. Copies of the CFR are available for viewing at the Code of Federal Regulations (Annual Edition) page at the U.S. Government Printing Office Web site; you can also browse the e-CFR, a currently updated version of the CFR. Please feel free to contact TTB's National Revenue Center concerning any of the requirements that may not be clear to you. For your convenience, the mailing address and telephone number of the National Revenue Center are listed on the final page of this publication. John Manfreda Administrator, Tax and Trade Bureau -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Liquor Laws and Regulations for Retail Dealers Contents 1. General 2. Retail Dealers Must Register with TTB 3. Requirement to Amend Registration 4. Requirements on Retail Dealers Who Sell to Other Dealers 5. Closures on Bottles of Distilled Spirits 6. Refilling, Reusing and Disposing of Liquor Bottles 7. Prohibited Purchases of Distilled Spirits 8. Required Records 9. Inspection by Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Officers 1. General Retail dealers of distilled spirits, wine or beer must comply with certain requirements...
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...Petroleum and Petrochemical Bulletin |U.S. Application of API MPMS Chapter 11.3.3 |Bulletin 012-TBN | |Ethanol Density and Volume Correction Factors |Rev. 0 | In late 2011, API MPMS Chapter 11.3.3, Miscellaneous Hydrocarbon Product Properties – Ethanol Density and Volume Correction Factors was published. The standard includes implementation procedures for both pure and denatured ethanol. For volume or density correction from observed temperature to 60 °F, the implementation procedure given in API MPMS Ch. 11.1-2004 shall be used. Pure and Denatured fuel grade ethanol’s are considered “special applications” (formerly known as Table 6C or Table 54C) with an alpha coefficient of 0.000599/°F or 0.001078/°C for Pure Ethanol and 0.000603/°F or 0.001085/°C for Denatured Ethanol. The standard also notes “However, if occasional table differences of 0.001% (1 in 100, 000 volume units) are acceptable to all parties, commodity group Refined Products (formerly known as Table 6B) with an API gravity of 50.47 (pure) and 50.61 (denatured) may be used in lieu of the 6C table”. For this alternate Table 6B use the API must be entered, calculated and reported to (2) decimal places which makes this method impractical and as such is not recommended by IFIA member companies. Unlike the revised Temperature and Pressure Volume...
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...research that I chose for my paper is the reinforcement of smoking and drinking and how tobacco marketing strategies link themselves with alcohol in the United States. The reason I chose this topic is because I see this issue increasing within our society. The purpose of this research is to investigate tobacco companies’ awareness about concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol, their marketing strategies linking cigarettes with alcohol, and the benefits tobacco companies pursued from these marketing activities. Problems under Investigation Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of premature deaths in the United States, accounting for more than 440,000 deaths yearly. Alcohol consumption is the third-leading cause of deaths in the nation. Each year, approximately 79,000 deaths are caused by excessive alcohol use. The concurrent use of cigarettes and alcohol further increases risks for certain cancers, such as cancer of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. In addition, the use of both tobacco and alcohol makes it more difficult to quit either substance. The three basics issues are under investigation: 1. What tobacco companies knew about the association between drinking and smoking, especially about smokers’ drinking behaviors 2. How tobacco and alcohol companies developed cross promotions featuring cigarettes and alcohol 3. How tobacco companies linked cigarettes with alcohol in their marketing activities and the benefits they expected to gain from those activities ...
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...Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Should Tobacco and Liquor Adverts be allowed on Television? Promotion of alcoholic beverages and tobacco through media has been there for a long time. Along with tobacco advertising, it is one of the most highly regulated forms of marketing even though these are legal substances. Over the years, there has been debate about these adverts whether they influence the young generation decision to drink and smoke despite being illegal to sell alcohol or tobacco products to youths under 21 years. This is because many teenagers spend a significant part of the day watching television therefore coming across a few alcohol and tobacco adverts per day. This is one area where tobacco and alcohol industries have faced criticism leading to tightened legislation so as to avoid targeting of young people through these advertisements. Many people oppose the placing of these advertisements on television while some support it. Those who support it argue that most of these adverts do not target the young people, but they try to convince those people who are already drinkers and smokers to switch brands or drink responsibly. Companies that deal with these products are the ones who come up with such reasons so as to promote their industry. Others who support the placement of tobacco and alcohol adverts on television claim that these are legal substances so they should be aired any time. They also believe that the audience make their decision on whether to indulge in these...
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...of other tobacco products. You will also see long term elasticity of demand for cigarette smoking and what does this mean for the likely impact of taxes on long-term cigarette use and do you think taxing can be effective in decreasing the use of alcohol? Explain your answer using economic theory The people that are mostly affected by the increases in tax on cigarettes according to Frank J. Chaloupka would be the youth and Adults. The single most consistent finding of many econometric studies of the issue of cigarettes price being increased would lead to a drop in smoking. The ten percent increase in cigarettes price would overall drop the consumption of cigarettes sales by fiver percent. (Chaloupka, p. 3) By increasing the price in cigarettes it would most likely affect the youth and young adults do to the price increase. According to Study in 1996 by Chaloupka and Grossman they confirmed the earlier studies that the are three times as sensitive to the price increase then the adults (Chaloupka, p. 4) because they don’t have money like adults would have. Over all with the tax increase we will see a decrease in overall sales of cigarettes. To have the great effect on reducing cancer from the use of tobacco use we should tax Efforts to prevent the onset or continuance of tobacco use face the pervasive, countervailing influence of tobacco promotion by the tobacco industry, a promotion that takes place despite overwhelming evidence of adverse health effects from tobacco use. This...
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...Sin Taxes for Rising Health Care Costs Shante Dennard Eng. 122 Composition II Instructor: Jessica Harnish April 1, 2013 Over the years many states have failed to adjust tax rate inflation which has resulted in a loss of billions of dollars in potential revenue. That revenue could have help funded essential health and human needs programs or reduce the deficit. Revenue from alcohol and tobacco continues to be of more importance these days as our economy tries to overcome budget deficits. A 2008 report of the Congressional Budget Office estimated that increasing and reforming federal alcohol taxes could generate more than $28 billion in new revenue over five years. Alcohol and tobacco imposes enormous cost on society an according to the latest government estimates some $185 billion per year. Alcohol and tobacco should be taxed because health care imposes an enormous cost on society. This is associated with the underage use of alcohol and tobacco, traffic crash fatalities, certain crimes and alcohol related health problems. The author (Green, R. (2011) uses a public health nursing model, the Public Health Code of Ethics (Public Health Leadership Society, 2002), the American Nurses' Association (ANA) Code of Ethics (2001), and other relevant ethical theory to weigh and balance the arguments for and against the use of sin taxes. Some say that an increase in “sin taxes” will increase health care costs, but the government will take a greater role in regulating health...
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...A Tale of Two Vices The purpose of this paper is to provide a written critique of a research article written by John Rolfe entitled “A Tale of Two Vices: An Applied Economic Analysis of Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption.” In this paper I will offer a detailed analysis of the dependent and independent variables used in the study and I will offer an objective viewpoint on the effectiveness of the sampling methods used and the reliability of the study. The author begins his article by describing and defining his purpose for the research project. As a college student he moved from the Netherlands to the United States to study at the University of New Hampshire. The differences in tobacco and alcohol use from Europe to America surprised Rolfe. In beginning his research he found a statistic indicating that “Europe is the heaviest alcohol consumer region worldwide, with alcohol consumption per person over twice the average” (Alcohol Statistics in Europe, 2007 para 6). Europe ranks number one with the amount of alcohol consumed (Alcohol Statistics in Europe, 2007 para 6). The author decided to design a study to investigate the factors that influence alcohol and tobacco consumption across many countries. For the experiment, he used data from 63 different countries. To have accurate results the researcher should have separated the countries and compared them. The author began by conducting base research in academic journals. He learned that, “a country’s unemployment rate,...
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...required to have some type of medical Insurance. Should taxes on alcohol and tobacco be increased to help pay for rising medical costs? Medical expenses are rising by the year and we need to find out how to get some assistance to pay for these rising cost and alcohol and tobacco is a necessity and people will pay for it regardless. Taxes on alcohol and tobacco should be increased to help to pay for rising medical cost because it would help the middle and lower class, may lower the influence on tobacco and alcohol, and lower copays. The Affordable Care Act expands the affordability, quality, and availability of private and public health insurance through consumer protections, regulations, subsidies, taxes, insurance exchanges, and other reforms. That makes it easier for everyone to get insurance and also makes it mandatory for everyone to get insurance. However, you must obtain and maintain minimum essential coverage throughout the year, get an exemption, or face a tax penalty for each month you go without coverage. First, Taxes on alcohol and tobacco should be increased to help to pay for rising medical cost because it would help the middle and lower class. Medical expenses in a whole are expensive even with the affordable healthcare act. Which puts a strain on the lower and middle class who is already struggling and trying to maintain and to worry about medical expenses as well. Increasing taxes on alcohol and tobacco for medical expenses would help because the price will decrease...
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