...Aboriginal children were removed from their families in an effort to civilize them by assimilation into white society”, this entire quote is mindboggling because the word “civilize” is used derogatory as if Aborigines need taming like a wild animal. The mere fact that the government believes that the Aborigines so desperate need help makes them conceited. They were taken children from their families, and making them white because they though that it would improve their lives. Through a misguided attempt at helping the Aborigines, the government may have caused more damage than good. The whites thought that the Aborigines needed help to survive and that is just unreasonable because the Aborigines have been in Australia long before the British came. They have lived in Australia for more than 50,000 years before white settlement and did fine living on their own. The Board for the Protection of Aborigines also tried to purify them by attempting to make them white by making his hair straight; “His minders tried to force his hair straight, breaking comb teeth in his frizzy curls. It was a vain attempt by...
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...The Effects of Alcohol in the “The Swimmer” John Cheever’s short story, “The Swimmer”, discloses the vivid details of a man’s distortion of time, which ultimately leads to his unhappiness. Neddy Merrill, young and vigorous man, sets off on an aquatic journey by swimming in neighboring pools one to another. As he swims in his neighbors’ pools in order to reach his house, he experiences physical and emotional deterioration of his life. Cheevar’s “The Swimmer” reveals the physical and emotional damage of alcoholism reflected through passage of time taking place as Neddy’s journey progresses. To begin with, alcoholism causes great physical deterioration in Neddy. He initiates his journey as a “youthful slender man…seemed to have the especial slenderness of youth” (Cheever 401). Described as to have an “inexplicable contempt for men who didn’t hurl themselves into pool…[and] he never used a ladder [to get out]”, he feels happy and comforted when he is honorably served with a...
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...The book ‘’Maybe Tomorrow’’ tells the story of Boori Monty Pryor. It describes the career path and life story of an Aboriginal in Australia. From being a model to eventually becoming a writer or like it is called in the aboriginal cultural, a storyteller. The book is not a typical biography, because it has been written as a one-way conversation between Boori and the reader. Personally I find this somewhat confusing; jumping from one topic to the other does not feel comfortable to read. What it definitely does deliver on is giving a better understanding about the aboriginal culture, the difficulties they face from white Australians in this country and how every person in this culture needs to adapt to the way of the ‘white men’. There are many consequences to this manifestation. For example, the fact that alcoholism and suicide is a common factor in the aboriginal culture. It is very sad that several aboriginals try to cope with the struggles they face by consuming excessive alcohol or taking their own life. This transpires very much so in Boori’s life. Three of his siblings committed suicide and alcoholism was around him when growing up. It is very unfortunate that the book does not describe the personal story of his siblings. It would have giving the book a different aspect of why his siblings would decide to take their own life. Boori gives a good description what the most likely reason was but only his siblings truly know. Nobody will ever know what their personal experiences...
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...14–17year-old Australians and it has been estimated that one Australian teenager dies and more than 60 are hospitalised each week from alcohol-related causes. (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2009). In Australia alcohol misuse has many externalities to society. An externality is a benefit or cost that affects someone who is not directly involved in the production or consumption of a good or service (International Monetary Fund, 2012). The total cost to society of alcohol-related problems in 2010 was $14.352 billion (Australian Institute of Criminology, 2013). Figure 2: Alcohol Related Problems Cost on Society, 2010 (Australian Institute of Criminology,...
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...Dominique Carnegie Professor: Andrina Cleveland Alcoholism, Addictions and Abusive Behaviors January 30, 2015 Dominique Carnegie Professor: Andrina Cleveland Alcoholism, Addictions and Abusive Behaviors January 30, 2015 The History of Morphine The history of morphine began in the 1800’s when the German scientist “Friedrich Sertürner” discovered the drug morphine by dissolving opium in acid and neutralizing it with ammonia. The first country to manufacture morphine is Germany, and the first pharmaceutical to conduct research and development of morphine is “Merck”. “Merck” which is a German pharmaceutical company is one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical producers and has been first known for aiding in the production of morphine. Morphine was smoked at first; however, the 1840s Merck expanded on their research and development into morphine being used as a liquid been injected by syringe, because by using a syringe the effect of the drug would be felt much quicker, and be much more effective The method of injecting of morphine in the vein was first discovered and used by a scientist by the name of “Alexander Wood”. By the 1870’s morphine it became apparent that morphine was been abused to ae point in certain countries that (“The Opium Act was made and passed in Great Britain, restricting the sale of the drug to registered Chinese and Indians.”)With this said, another act was passed called the “Opium Exclusion Act”, which prohibits the import of opium into...
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...year Dahmer dropped out of University after only one semester of being enrolled and went and joined the army, after his father convinced him to do so. After the army discharged Dahmer due to his alcoholism he went to live with his Grandmother. While living with his Grandmother, Dahmer took another victim Steven Touni. Dahmer killed altogether 17 male men mainly African American. In July 1991 Jeffrey was finally arrested and was sentenced to a total of fifteen life sentences. In 1994 Dahmer was murdered by fellow inmate Christopher Scarver. When discussing what may have driven Dahmer to behave in such a matter the following theories are examine; Weiss (1973) theory on loneliness, next was a theory on alcoholism described in Gifford (2009), and the last theory used is Erick Erickson’s identity development theory. A SERIAL KILLER CASE STUDY: JEFFREY DAHMER (1960-1994) Jeffrey Dahmer was born in the year of 1960, and was murdered by fellow inmate while incarcerated in 1994 (Jenkins, 2004). Dahmer was serving his time in jail for the manslaughter of seventeen men in America. This case study discusses some possible psychological theories to help interpret and grasp what caused Dahmer’s behaviour and actions. The theories used were Weiss (1973), on loneliness, alcoholism focusing on alcoholism as a habit rather than a disease, and Erick Erickson’s Identity...
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...drawbacks associated with this trend are as follows. First of all, International tourists tend to export negative aspects of western culture. Since it is only the wealthy could be able to afford to travel around the world, many developing countries, like Thailand and Indonesia have become the playground of the tourists who are mainly from more affluent ones. In many such nations, the influx of mainly western tourists has brought the problems, such as prostitution as well as alcoholism and drug abuse. Admittedly international tourism does have the potential to foster greater understanding and tolerance between people who are from different countries with different cultural background. however, this is unlikely to occur while it remains such a potent symptom of western cultural domination and moral decadence The even more disturbing, though, is the environmental degradation that international tourism has cause in many parts of the world. A particular good example of this is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia - the countless boats, divers and snorkelers that have visited the reef over the past few decades have gradually destroyed vast section of coral. Similarly, world renowned Kuta Beach in Bali has become heavily polluted in recent years. In order to be sustainable, greater regulation of global tourism is required. In conclusion, the challenges presented by the booming international tourist industry are numerous and complex. Although they are by no means insurmountable...
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...seeking their knowledge, they were physically and emotionally abused. Hunger also made their life much harder. So, in order to survive, they had to search for food and eat other peoples’ leftover foods ( Simon 2014). For many years, they have been suffered from loneliness, dislocation, stress and grief. Consequently, psychological harm and mental illness came into their lives which made them harder to survive. Even when they came out of the constitutions, they experienced the loss of their identity, culture, community and family (Read 2006). Thus, many aborigines became alcoholisms which is one of the ways to relieve their pain and trauma. The bitter memories and pains made by the government are still in the hearts of aborigines today. Reference * Korff, J 2015, ‘A guide to Australian’s stolen generations’. Available from: <http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/politics/a-guide-to-australias-stolen-generations#axzz3ZDdqIlO2>. [ 7 May 2015] * Read, P (eds) 2006, The Stolen Generation, Sunny Hills, New South Wales. Available from: Department of Aboriginal Affairs. [7 May...
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...Alcoholism is a prominent substance abuse issue in Western society. The treatment method of controlled drinking as opposed to abstinence is a continuing cause of controversy in alcohol research to this day. The US is different from Europe in its acceptance of controlled drinking as a goal of treatment: “in the US alcohol dependence is typically depicted as a ‘recurring disease’ and the ‘successful abstainer’ as a ‘recovering’ though never ‘recovered’ alcoholic” (Coldwell, 2005). Depending on the alcohol abuse patient’s individual characteristics, either controlled drinking or abstinence is chosen as a treatment. Alcohol treatment in Canada, however seems to incorporate both mechanisms as shown in the study by Rush and Ogborne (1986).The study states that goals for one third of clients who were non abstinent were accepted depending on whether it was a residential or community-based outpatient service. Other effective methods in treating alcoholism are pharmacotherapy, behavioral method and self help manuals. This paper will discuss different therapeutic interventions while highlighting the controversy between controlled drinking and abstinence. Alcohol abuse is growing rapidly throughout U.S. society. One in every twelve adults is being diagnosed with alcohol abuse (Barlow and Durand, 2006). All that are diagnosed with alcohol abuse must meet one or more of the following criteria within a twelve month period: he/ she must fail to accomplish major work, school or home responsibilities;...
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...(American Psychiatric Association, 2010). Recurrent major depressive episodes can indicate MDD. Although it can present co-morbidly with any medical condition, depression is an illness in itself. It is not a sign of personal weakness, nor a condition that can be wished or willed away. The causes of major depression are not completely known, but current theories include genetic and environmental factors as well as abnormalities in neurotransmitters and the limbic and endocrine systems. In many cases, MDD is due to combination of factors. Incidence/prevalence/course. • The World Health Organization states that “depression is estimated to affect 350 million people” globally. (Marcus, 2012). According to “Profile of Depression in Australia,” (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1988)...
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...Spanish wine in the world. The sales of Spanish wine bottled to China increased 41,1 % in value during the first semester of this year, with 36.9 million euros sold between January and July, This has positioned Spain as the third world seller, with 6,9 % of the market, behind France and Australia. Statistics indicate that in a decade China will be a substantial market for Spanish partly due to the fall of tariffs since Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization , the fast growing middle and upper class and therefore, the increase of purchasing power. According to Vinexpo, the wine consumption in China boomed between 2007 and 2011 reaching a growth of 142.1 % with a total of 159.25 million boxes purchased. Although it is foreseen that the growth rate will slow down to 39.6 % between 2012 and 2016, the Chinese will drink 252 million boxes of wine in 2016. In 2010 the Chinese bought nearly 47 million liters of Spanish wine. Six times more than in 2009, therefore our sale expectations are enormous. The mid and upper Chinese class is rapidly growing a fondness for quality wines, they enjoy celebrating and consecuently, drink alot. Also, the Chinese Government, which is concerned about alcoholism, has started to promote wine as healthy drink and as alternative to distilled sprits that have been up till now the chinese choice of alcohol. This is...
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...Kenyan families are affected by alcoholism (Simiyu, 2006). Man has, over time, indeed come to acknowledge the fact that alcoholism is indeed destructive to the human race. This explains the reason as to why numerous studies have been conducted and some are still underway in relations to various areas where alcoholism is indeed a major threat. It is however important to note that most of these studies are mainly centered on the alcoholic. Alcoholism is a term that has many and sometimes conflicting definitions. In current and historic usage, alcoholism refers to a condition that results from continued consumption of alcohol despite the social and medical impacts that are raised by the vice. Alcoholism also referred to, in the nineteenth century and partly in the twentieth century, as dipsomania, may also refer to pre-occupation with or compulsion towards the consumption of alcohol and/or impaired ability to recognize the negative impacts of excessive alcohol consumption. The Macmillan dictionary (2002) defines the word alcoholism as a medical condition that makes it difficult to control the amount of alcohol you drink. 1.2.0 Alcoholism The dictionary definition of alcoholism is, a disorder characterized by the excessive consumption of and dependence on alcoholic beverages leading to physical and physiological harm and impaired social and vocational functionality. The Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research defines alcoholism as a layman’s term for alcohol dependence...
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...everyone. They may cause family problems, health problems even effort jobs or your performance. Even with the use of drugs that may have to be swallowed or even injected into your own body could increase chances of obtaining the HIV virus. But drugs that we smoke like marijuana could cause lung cancer. Illicit drugs can also affect the brain, by causing the brain cells to die and in cases resulting in permanent brain damage. The abuse of drugs also affect the economy, people using drugs are accident waiting to happen. Each year drug uses is the cause of a large number of accidents at home, office and on the roads. Everybody pays the price of drug abuse more cops and prisons more hospitals and treatment centers and many lives lost. Australia has approximately one drug overdose death each year. Broadly speaking, the prevalence of illicit drugs has been falling since the late 1990’s though some drugs have increased over that period. The authoritative reports below will summaries the trends as follows. In 2010, approximately 15% of the national population 14 years and above had used one or more illicit drugs in the past 12 months, with Cannabis the most commonly used illicit drug (10.3%), followed by MDMA (ecstasy),(3.0%) and amphetamines and cocaine (each used by 21%). Non – medical pharmaceutical use (0.2% to 0.4%). Just by using drugs they become part of the drug world. They are already committing a crime. But the relationship between drug use and crime often means that drug...
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...is to identify and address those aspects of alcoholism, which contribute to it as a medical disease. True, alcoholism has many ramifications for society as well as the economy, but the focus of this paper shall be, for the most part, on the medical aspects. In the way of background, alcoholism refers to the drinking of alcoholic beverages to such a degree that major aspects of the individual’s life -such as work, school, family relationships or personal SAFETY AND HEALTH, above all, are seriously and repeatedly interfered with. Alcoholism is considered a disease, meaning that it follows a characteristic course with known physical, psychological, and social systems. The alcoholic continues to consume alcohol despite the destructive consequences. Alcoholism is serious, progressive, and irreversible. If not treated, it can be fatal. It is generally thought that once the disease has developed, the alcoholic will not drink normally again. An alcoholic who abstains from drinking, however, can regain control over the aspects of life with which ALCOHOL interfered. The alcoholic is then said to be “recovering” not “cured” of the disease. It is important to note that the particular symptoms and pattern of DRINKING PROBLEMS may vary with the individual. ALCOHOLISM is, therefore, a very complex disorder, and it is this very complexity which has led some recent researchers to question the accuracy of the disease concept of alcoholism. A person does not have to drink every day to...
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...Drug and Alcohol Review, (July 2005), 24, 369 – 385 Family interventions in the treatment of alcohol and drug problems ALEX G. COPELLO1, RICHARD D. B. VELLEMAN2 & LORNA J. TEMPLETON2 1 Birmingham and Solihull Substance Misuse Services and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK and 2Mental Health Research and Development Unit, University of Bath, UK and Avon Witshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust Abstract Alcohol and drug problems affect not only those using these substances but also family members of the substance user. In this review evidence of the negative impacts substance misuse may have upon families are examined, following which family-focused interventions are reviewed. Several family-focused interventions have been developed. They can be broadly grouped into three types: (1) working with family members to promote the entry and engagement of substance misusers into treatment; (2) joint involvement of family members and substance misusing relatives in the treatment of the latter; and (3) interventions responding to the needs of the family members in their own right. The evidence base for each of the three types is reviewed. Despite methodological weaknesses in this area, a number of conclusions can be advanced that support wider use of family focused interventions in routine practice. Future research needs to focus on (1) pragmatic trials that are more representative of routine clinical settings; (2) cost-effectiveness analyses, in terms of...
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