The Allied bomber offensive against Nazi Germany remains one of the most controversial campaigns of the Second World War. It certainly was one of the most costly. By May of 1945, two million tons of bombs had fallen on Germany. Over half a million German civilians had died, and 80,000 Allied airmen had perished as well. Was the bombing strategically or morally justified? In Fire and Fury, Prof. Hansen (Toronto), a specialist in multiculturalism who has investigated the question of German civilian losses in the war and worked to counter Holocaust Denial, examines the American and British approaches to strategic bombing, and finds that the two nations used very different methods, which produced very different results. He also argues that American and British bomber generals proceeded with very different intentions, and that, in moral terms, intentions matter. In general, the British preferred to conduct area raids against urban targets at night, aimed at causing wide scale devastation of German cities. The Americans preferred daylight “precision” raids aimed at targets of military and economic significance. These generalizations had exceptions. The RAF was capable of brilliant precision, and proved this in the raids on the Ruhr dams. The American precision raids could inflict massive collateral damage and casualties on German cities. On a few occasions, the Americans resorted to area bombing, with horrific results. Hansen argues that American precision bombing came close to bringing the Germans to their knees. Attacks against oil and ball bearing production especially were very damaging to the German war effort. But such attacks were too often carried out without fighter escort, resulting in heavy losses of men and planes. Even when successful, the attacks were not properly followed up. The American raid on Schweinfurt, for example, resulted in