...Davis CIS- 106 May 5, 2013 Strayer University Arnold Daus Assignment 1: Computer Architecture In the 1940’s computer architecture developed by John Von Neumann and others that allows for input, output, processing, and memory; it also includes the stored program concept. The name Von Neumann machine is named after John Von Neumann. He is also a mathematician who was critical to its success. Von Neumann machine operates on fetch-execute cycle. That means the CPU (Central Processing Unit) fetches an instruction from memory and then executes this instruction. In the process of the CPU you have your input device go to the control unit. Then once the input device is in the control unit it send codes to the Arithmetic Logic Unit known as ALU. The portion of the CPU is responsible for mathematical operations, specifically addition. The next part is when the ALU is sending zeros and ones to a small unit of very high speed of memory o the CPU, used to store data and instructions for the CPU known as the register. In the registers it send everything that is on the computer to the main memory. The two, registers and the main memory is a cycle because they send each other data back and forwards. Now the last part is the output known as the auxiliary storage device like USB, earphones, printers, monitors, mouse and HDMI cord. Von Neumann architecture is important because in the input device you have the keyboard and it sends binary signals of ones and zeros also known as I’s and O’s...
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...Test 2 Notes (Ch. 5,6,7,10) Ch. 5 consciousness- an individuals awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal meta cognition- thinking about thinking. The 5 levels of consciousness: Higher-level- highly focused; selective attention Lower-level- automatic processes; little attention, daydreaming Altered States- trauma, drugs, fear, fatigue, meditation, prayer biorhythms- are periodic physiological fluctuations in the body. Circadian rhythms- daily behavioral or physiological cycles (exs: sleep/wake, body temp, blood sugar, and blood pressure). Why we need sleep: For physical restoration, adaptation, growth, and memory. What it does for us: Sleep rests the body and mind. The effects of chronic sleep deprivation: Have trouble paying attention to tasks and solving problems, decreases brain activity. The 5 stages of sleep: Stage 1: drowsy sleep; myoclanic jerk; (theta waves) Stage 2: Muscle activity decreases Stage 3 & 4: delta waves; deep sleep Stage 5: (REM) dreaming occurs (Rapid Eye Movement) Major sleep disorders: insomnia- inability to sleep Nightmares- occur during REM Night Terrors- occur in kids, during stage 4 Narcolepsy- sudden urge to sleep Sleep Apnea- stop breathing during sleep Psychoactive drugs- act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions and change moods. Tolerance- the need to take increasing amounts of a drug to get the same effect physical dependence- the physiological...
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...Report to compare and contrast the hardware specification of two Laptops/Desktops or Servers. Executive Summary For the purpose of this report, I will be comparing two different computers and comparing the various aspects of hardware specifications of the two separate platforms in detail, including performance in terms of processor, memory and storage. The first computer I have chosen for this report is a 15-inch MacBook Pro with Retina display, which is a powerful laptop, also known as a notebook. This computer is made by a company called Apple, which is possibly the most desirable brand in the computer hardware market today. The second computer I have chosen, for which to compare against the MacBook Pro, is the 27-inch iMac with Retina display, which is an innovative and modern desktop which is also a product of the company Apple. The reason I have chosen these two computers for this report is in part because they are from the same company, and a company which, according to the Forbes website, is number 1 on the list of the world’s most valuable technology brands. (Forbes 2014). Due to the prestigious position of the Apple Company, both these computers will no doubt have been built using the most up to date technology, the best engineers and designers, and the best possible materials. By using the same brand, we will be given a good insight into the differences between the most powerful laptop and the most powerful desktop which were both designed using the best...
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...become more overpowering the further along a woman is. Some fetal energy demands include altered control of water and electrolyte balance, appetite, and energy partitioning and stress responses (Brunton, P., & Russell, J., 2010). Along with increased appetite, some women get what is called a pregnancy brain. It is when they constantly forget things that normally they have no problem remembering, their spatial memory has been affected. This is due to hormonal changes that occur in the hippocampus, which can be further or permanently damaged without the proper energy demands being met. Micronutrients, such as iron, can help increase spatial Lindsey...
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...Memories are what make us human, being able to recall an event and being able to remember precise details. However, how many details do we actually remember? When remembering certain information we can alter what occurred based on what we thought should have happened, and what the event actually pertains to. Researchers have concluded that we tend to add misinformation because it’s what we hoped would occur; and when recalling a traumatic experience we tend to exaggerate what actually happened. The purpose of this study was to identify how many details participants could remember after watching a video. Two groups will be exposed to a video; one group will watch a car accident and the other will watch a music video. However, both groups will be responsible for recalling everything they have witnessed. I plan to use students that attend Mount Saint Mary College. I am going to pick a sample of people from each year and class to total a number of 100 students. After this I will separate all the people into random groups, having 50 placed in the experimental group and 50 placed in the control group. After they have finished viewing the videos, I will measure how much of the videos they can remember. I argue that our memories for events are often different than what actually happened based on what scenario we are exposed to. Introduction...
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...However, through the novel Altered Carbon, Richard K. Morgan has fast forwarded to life on Earth in the 25th century and has foreshadowed the negative consequences of technology especially on the class difference between the rich and the poor. The advancement of technology and the cost of necessities are directly proportional in that when the use of technology increases, the prices and cost for more and more goods increases as well. With prices collectively becoming higher, the poor begin to struggle to continue with the purchases or payments while on the other hand, the rich can continue following with the advances. This caused a cycle of the rich becoming longer living and richer while the poor become shorter living and poorer. With the rich becoming richer, and the poor...
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...First, Scott Fraser recounts the case of 17-year-old Francisco Carrillo, who was wrongfully convicted of a crime he never committed. Carrillo was convicted of the murder of Donald Sarpy and sentenced to two life sentences after being identified by six teenagers, one the son of the victim, as the culprit. Fraser is a forensic neurophysiologist who has experience in eyewitness memory identification testimonies and the nature of night vision. He was perfectly tailored to explain why it was impossible for the teens to have clearly seen who was driving the car that shot the father mostly due to the lighting outside and inside the criminals' vehicle. Moreover, in class we discussed the fallibility and malleability of memory. At any given moment, we only pick up bits and pieces of what's going on around us. These pieces of information from our senses goes into our short-term then long-term memory if properly encoded. Based off the evidence Fraser...
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...presupposes, involves certain biological processes- more specifically the processes that occur within the brain. Namely, a process that involves three steps; encoding, consolidation, and retrieval- the way of the common individual. A template to which, if a process is not in sync with is considered synthetic. Equally in importance, the inferences one draws upon while consolidating these memories or rather methods of storing information are further scrutinized as being false. An inference entails a certain formality, particularly a system which involves memories of past information (which are subject to being accessed at anytime) and the utilization of such information to reach a certain assertion....
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...everything that means the world to you. One is debilitated by its unwavering feeling of loneliness, and sometime paralyzing affects. It’s often said that depression results from a chemical imbalance, Scientist have believed for more than 30 years that mood related chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine also known as monoamines are low in the brain during major depressive episodes (Nauert, 2006). Clearly, there is an impact on the patient’s life and his/her family life. Therefore, depression is often considered as a disorder that affects the whole family. In this presentation we will attempt to describe the general behaviors associated with depression, explain how biological influences play a role in depression, describe how altered states of consciousness related to sleep, psychoactive drugs, or meditation and hypnosis affect individuals with the depression, describe how the...
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...which refers to a mental disorder that makes it impossible for the victim to remember the long-term memories for the events before the tragic incident while fresh memories are easily created. Amnesia refers to memory loss, both the past and new information, caused by factors that interfere with the memory storage parts in the brain, the limbic system with its subcomponents, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, the thalamus and the epithalamus. The incidences of the recent and current events are forgotten and made impossible to retrieve....
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...3 Virtual Memory 3 First In First Out 4 Least Recently Used 5 References 6 Introduction As we gain a better understanding of how computers and their operating systems work, we are able to better grasp how they handle the execution of programs. As we first learn to use computers we really do not think about the things that programs need in order to run, such as memory, as long as everything works. Although as we advance our knowledge of how such things operate, we begin to understand the mechanics of such things as physical and virtual memory. Virtual Memory Normally when we think of memory, in terms of computers, we generally tend to think about things like the hard drive or the RAM. These items are generally used in the storage of programs, documents and multimedia, however when it comes to running a program their functions are slightly altered. Programs that are executed to run on a computer require a certain amount of memory in order to run. As modern operating systems have become capable of running multiple processes, or programs, with limited resources of memory, operating systems need a way to manage these resources. This is referred to as memory management, which allocates the memory resources as they are needed. When a memory manager has the capability to allocate the memory resources to multiple programs this is known as virtual memory. Virtual memory is a technique that is used to give the illusion of addition memory when a system...
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...This time increment begins with the statement that there is no limit on how much information we can store, unlike a tape or DVD. The storage of information makes capacity larger and makes you be able to handle more information. Although there is no certainty, as of now, scientists and researchers believe that memories are stored in the neurons that are altered in the synapse to hold more memories. There is also a substantial amount of evidence that the hippocampus is responsible for storing more information. A remarkable case in the study of memory is revolved around a person named HM. HM suffered from epilepsy and underwent a surgery to remove the cause of frequent seizures, which was the front side of the hippocampus on both sides of his...
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...Knowing that many innocent people are convicted or even sentenced to death for crimes they did not commit shows that as a society we have to fix a broken legal system. If not, we all are vulnerable to be wrongfully identified as a criminal. There are many reasons why eyewitness identification are dangerous. First of all, memory is not accurate. Second, memory can be altered by other environmental factors and contaminated by new memories. And last but not least they have a tremendous power on the outcome of a trial. Some of the steps that the legal system can take to fix the problem are: to accept the fact that there is a problem, get informed and make changes to fix this problem that is affecting the life of many innocent victims. In North Carolina, Ronald Cotton was convicted for one count of rape and two more for burglary and sentenced to life and 54 years in the year of 1987. He was Identified by Jennifer Thomson as the man who entered her apartment, searched through her belongings, cut the phone cables, sexually assaulted her , fled away, and raped another women half a mile away. During the assault Jennifer try to study the face of her aggressor, in her mind, she was 100% sure of how the assailant would look like if she just had him in front of her. She worked with a detective to create a composite sketch and a few days later, she was informed they had a suspect. Her accuracy to identify the picture of her aggressor was low at choosing one picture out of five , she...
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...field of psychology are interested in various divisions of the human brain due to its elaborate and multifaceted relationship between behavior and the brain. The brain or encephalon can be divided in to a varying number of divisions that are explored by different specialty groups within the field of psychology including biological psychologists, cognitive neuroscientist, cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and general research psychologists. Research performed by different psychology professionals on the brain offers a venue for gaining further understanding of certain conditions such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer's. This paper concludes by discussing personal reasons for wanting to research memory and the opposing factor of forgetfulness. Part 1: Psychological Interest in the Human Brain Different specialties within the field of psychology are interested in various divisions of the human brain due to its elaborate and multifaceted relationship between behavior and the brain. The first part of this paper will be looking at the divisions of the brain which appeal to research and cognitive psychologists. The second part of the paper will be looking at the division of the brain which this counselor is interested in researching further and the thought process for choosing said particular division. Scientific Interest in the Brain The brain or encephalon can be divided in to a varying number of divisions based on who a person...
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...mind. The theory is based on the idea that humans process the information they receive, rather than merely responding to stimuli. Next, is the sensation component of this theory which is a process that allows the senses to pick up and almost record what they find such as what they are seeing in their vision, also what they hear as well whatever the senses come in contact with then goes to the brain to be stored. Following these is the working memory component this is what allows us to keep all the information we come across in our mind. Although the working memory only allows us to keep it there for a short period of time. Which then takes us to the short memory portion of the working memory. This perspective equates the mind to a computer, which is responsible for analyzing information from the environment. According to the standard information-processing model for mental development, the mind’s machinery includes attention mechanisms for bringing information in, working memory for actively manipulating information, and long-term memory for passively holding information so that it can be used in the future. [1] This theory addresses how as children grow, their brains likewise mature, leading to advances in their ability to process and respond to the information they received through their senses. The theory emphasizes a continuous pattern of development, in contrast with Cognitive Developmental theorists such as Jean Piaget...
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