...bus PROJECT FINAL REPORT ON “Working capital management at Nalco” BY RAKESH KUMAR BARAL (PGDM) Accman institute of management Summer Internship Project (Batch of 2008) PREFACE To start any business, First of all we need finance and the success of that business entirely depends on the proper management of day-to-day finance and the management of this short-term capital or finance of the business is called Working capital Management. Working Capital is the money used to pay for the everyday trading activities carried out by the business - stationery needs, staff salaries and wages, rent, energy bills, payments for supplies and so on. I have tried to put my best effort to complete this task on the basis of skill that I have achieved during the last one year study in the institute. I have tried to put my maximum effort to get the accurate statistical data. However I would appreciate if any mistakes are brought to my by the reader. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A work is never a work of an individual. I owe a sense of gratitude to the intelligence and co-operation of those people who had been so easy to let me understand what I needed from time to time for completion of this exclusive project. I am greatly indebted to my guides Prof. DENESH SINGH ,faculty guide for Finance (summer internship),...
Words: 12022 - Pages: 49
...different task to finish our assignment. In first stage, the collector will do research about BHP Billiton, relevant Australia export policy and the South Africa. Secondly, the group leader will select the useful information to decide export production, location and form of the expansion. Finally, all group members start to analyse and discuss some special strategies of expansion. Stage 1 | Collector(Qinghui Li) | Collect relevant information and data | 1 week | Stage 2 | Leader(Tong Lu) | Disposal useful information and allocate task for all people | 1 week | Stage 3 | All members | Start to the report | 2 weeks | The aim of assignment is making strategies to expand BHP Billiton’s South Africa market. And we choose export aluminium to South Africa. The reason is that Aluminum is a widely used non-ferrous metal with demand driven by end use consumption in transportation, packaging, construction and household items. Meanwhile, South Africa is developing country and will need lots of aluminum to construct infrastructure. We can provide information about markets and industry trends in particular countries or regions, to assist in the development of investment plans, strategies or objectives. * We can make introductions to potential international partners, buyers and other in-market contacts. * We can supply referrals to service providers who can give you specialist advice, such as lawyers, business advisors and investment promotion agencies. * We can facilitate...
Words: 350 - Pages: 2
...The Subject of this analysis New Zealand Aluminium Smelters limited (NZAS) It is located in Bluff and it contributes with half a billion dollars to the Southland economy representing 13.5% of its GDP Worldwide the aluminium industry is facing challenging times. Aluminium is a commodity and its price is set by the London Metal Exchange. NZAS produces around 350000 tonnes per year. The declining price and increasing cost of energy is hindering the ability of NZAS to make a profit. From a broad perspective this is the reason why the company has made a loss in the last two financial years. From an environmental perspective NZAS has accepted climate change as a growing concern. Electricity represents 40% of NZAS cost and close to 15% of New Zealand power consumption. Buying electricity from a low or carbon neutral source is critical to reduce the company’s carbon consumption. Today NZAS is in negotiations with Meridian Energy over a 27-year contract in order to cut costs and save jobs. If successful, as a by product of this negotiations NZAR will reduce it carbon footprint since Meridian generates electricity from renewable sources. The biggest challenge is a reduction in carbon consumption of producing Aluminium. In 2011 NZAS produced 357000 tonnes of metal which released 669000 tonnes of CO2e into the atmosphere at a rate of 1.87 tonnes of CO2e per ton of metal produced (the company’s best ever performance); an encouraging statement. However, another issue must be taken...
Words: 1168 - Pages: 5
...EMIRATES GLOBAL ALUMINIUM The Global and regional integration that affects the EGA Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Background 4 3 The Economic Insights 6 3.1 SWOT Analysis 7 3.1.1 Strength 8 3.1.2 Weakness 9 3.1.3 Opportunities 10 3.1.4 Threats 13 4 Conclusion 13 5 References 15 * Introduction Emirates Global Aluminium or popularly referred to as EGA was co-owned by Investment corporation of Dubai and Mubadala Development Company of Abu Dhabi. The company is a conglomerate which deals in alumina or bauxite and smelting aluminium. The core smelter assets are EMAL(Emirates Aluminium) and DUBAL (Dubai Aluminium) with a net production of 2.4 million tons in a year. There are significant plans in the purview of the company to experience growth through local as well as international expansion. It is a prestigious organization with a global ranking of five amongst the aluminium producers. The organization is renowned for not only its production size but also the work culture and promoting health and safety of employees and people associated with the company as well as for investing in the economic and social development of the community (RT, 2013). The very concept of regional or economic integration internationally is on the rise as more and more companies are forming conglomerations to forge partnerships to bring about revolutions in trade by developing businesses to sustain the trade on a global platform. The integration can...
Words: 3501 - Pages: 15
...29th Annual Report 2009-10 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Shri A K Srivastava Chairman-cum-Managing Director Shri S. K. Nayak, IAS Part-time Official Director Shri B. L. Bagra Director (Finance) Shri Joy Varghese Director (P&A) Shri A. K. Sharma Director (Production) Shri P. K. Padhi Director (P&T) Shri Ansuman Das Director (Commercial) 2 National Aluminium Company Limited INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS Dr. A. Sahay Shri S. S. Sohoni IAS (Retd.) Shri K. S. Raju Shri S. B. Mishra IAS (Retd.) Shri N. R. Mohanty Dr. Jyoti Mukhopadhyay Shri R. K. Sharma Maj. Gen. (Retd.) Samay Ram, UYSM, AVSM, VSM 3 29th Annual Report 2009-10 EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Smt. Srabani Guha, IES CVO Shri P. K. Parida Shri B. N. Swain Shri A. Sapra Shri S. C. Dash Shri P. K. Mohapatra Shri K. N. Ravindra Company Secretary Shri K. S. Sreedhara 4 29th Annual Report 2009-10 The sale of 7,094 MT Special Grade Alumina was the highest surpassing the previous high of 4,769 MT achieved in 200809. The sale of Special Grade Hydrate at 12,815 MT was the highest ever sale surpassing the previous best of 11,670 MT achieved during 2007-08. FINANCE Your Company posted a lower total income of ` 5,548 crore in the year under report, as against ` 5,631 crore during the previous year. Profit After Tax for the year stands at ` 814 crore, as against ` 1,272 crore in the previous year. The decline in net profit during the year compared to previous year was due...
Words: 34164 - Pages: 137
...PROJECT PROFILE PRODUCT: ALLUMINIUM PRESSURE DIE CASTING QUALITY STANDARD: AS PER MARKET DEMAND. PRODUCTION CAPACITY (PER ANNUM): 1. 91 MT. aluminium alloy pressure die cast components @ Rs. 2,05,000 per MT. 1,86,55,000 2. Aluminium alloy scrap 0.30 tons @ 80,000 per MT. 24,000 1,86,79,000 MONTH AND YEAR OF PREPARATION: JULY - 2008 PREPARED BY: MSME DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE GOVT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF MSME VIKAS SADAN, COLLEGE SQUARE CUTTACK-753003, ORISSA TEL. 2648049, 2648077 FAX: 0671-2332307 PREPARED FOR: M/S.CREATIVE FUNCTIONAL ART 257,PARIDA SAHI , AT/PO-CHOUDWAR ,DIST-CUTTACK Introduction Though tremendous technological advancements in the mental casting industry have taken place in recent years ,the foundry industry faces increasing demands to achieve higher productivity at minimum cost, even while producing high quality cast components of intricate shapes. By proper selection of a casting technique with careful foundry and metallurgical controls, castings of high quality are being commercially manufactured. Amongst a large number of foundry techniques one is low and high pressure die-casting .It has been developed and industrially employed to produce casting of near-net shape components. The near net shape cast parts are famous for their fine details, good surface conditions, complex shapes and economy. Under the present scenario...
Words: 2224 - Pages: 9
...The Aluminum Industry in 19941 and Aluminum Smelting in South Africa: Alusaf’s Hillside Project2 1) Is primary aluminum production an attractive industry? Why or why not? Within the framework of the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model3, the primary aluminum production industry (“the industry”) in 1994 can be described as perfectly competitive. The industry is characterized by a large number of competing firms – the largest of which has only 4.1% of total industry capacity; homogeneous, commodity-type products and low-cost entry and exit into and out of the industry (assuming capital is available where returns are greater than cost of entry). Within the industry, market prices are established via a commodities exchange (the London Metal Exchange, or LME) and individual firms have little ability to set market prices. In a perfectly competitive industry social welfare is maximized – due largely to the lack of product differentiation and the number of competitors, while expected firm performance is normal. In the early 1990’s the collapse of the Soviet military caused Russian and other Soviet State smelters to flood the market with capacity that had previously supplied military needs. During 1993, LME inventories of primary aluminum increased by nearly a million tons, to over 2.5 million tons, while producer inventories increased by over 300,000 tons. This surge in supply & inventory levels drove world aluminum prices to all-time lows - $1,110/ton at the end...
Words: 1568 - Pages: 7
...Drew Kelly IET 307 HW5 Dr. Nair 1) 2) 3) 4) I speculate that the type of corrosion was called Hydrogen Embrittlement. Various metal alloys, specifically some steels, experience a reduction in ductility and tensile strength when atomic hydrogen penetrates into the material. Basically it is a type of failure, the brittle fracture occurs as the cracks grow and rapidly propagate. HE is very similar to stress corrosion in that a normally ductile metal is exposed to a stress and a corrosive atmosphere. For HE to occur some source of Hydrogen has to be present and also there must be a possibility of formation of its atomic species. High strength steels are very susceptible to HE and increasing the materials strength tends to enhance the chance the material can become HE. This form seems to fit the applied situation. 5) Yes it is possible to have reinforced steel bars that can corrode while still inside the concrete. Another perfect example of this is, as mentioned in the above answer, is Hydrogen Embrittlement. Again He is when a hydrogen atom gets inside the material and causes it to corrode, a good way to prevent the chances of corrosion are to add in inhibitors. Inhibitors are substances that when added at low concentrations that can prevent corrosion. Another way you can prevent corrosion is called Cathodic Protection. This is when you apply an external source, electrons to the metal, making it a cathode. Then the action of corroding is put in...
Words: 253 - Pages: 2
...luminium case Some points to consider but more research needed ! Q1- Discuss and describe why the primary aluminum industry is competitive. How has the industry changed since 1994? It might be helpful to look at the statistics available at the International Aluminum Institute and Worldal.com -competitive because it is traded as a metal commodity in the London Metal Exhange. –i.e there is a bid and a ask price …trade made at the most competitive price. -Huge no of suppliers -More competitive as power costs fall in countries like China -change since 1994-After reaching all-time highs in excess of $2,500 per ton in 1988 and 1989, aluminum prices fall dramatically in the early 1990s as the former Soviet Union begins exporting far larger quantities of metal. By the beginning of 1994, the price has hit all-time lows.Al demand goes hand in hand with GDP growth-need for housing,construction,transportation. (Give eg of countries) -In 2000-2004 stable prices, but 2004-2008 prices doubles ( inspite of global recession) post 2008 prices falling. -untill the early 2000’s U.S major prod of Al. -After which Canada,Russia and presently China ( emerging markets ,cheap power) http://www.boj.org.jm/uploads/pdf/papers_pamphlets/papers_pamphlets_The_World_Aluminium_Market__An_Analysis_of_ ...
Words: 444 - Pages: 2
...Aluminum Recycling How many times have our parents asked us to take the trash out? Probably more than most of us care to remember. Instead of asking if we took out the trash, parents are now beginning to ask if we sorted the trash. The purpose of my Senior Project was to promote awareness to the benefits of recycling. My community service consisted of promoting, researching and participating in the recycling of aluminum cans. There are many financial and environmental benefits to recycling aluminum and aluminum can be easily collected and reused over and over again. People need to be aware of what is happening in the environment and also be educated on what they can do to help. We need to recycle aluminum because it saves natural resources, time, money, and energy. In one year, the United States produces 160 million tons of garbage, this is enough metal to build two million automobiles, enough wood to construct a million homes, enough paper to publish all the daily newspapers in the country, enough aluminum to rebuild the entire American fleet 71 times, and would fill 11 million garbage trucks. Landfills are quickly increasing in number and size. One of the advantages of recycling is that it helps keep extra waste out of our landfills and incinerators. The sum of existing landfills is increasing because of the lack of care to help the environment. People are lazy and they cannot understand the effects of not recycling. Landfills take up space and...
Words: 2566 - Pages: 11
...UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN Centre Course Year/ Trimester Lecturer : : : : Centre for Foundation Studies Foundation In Science Year 1 Trimester 1 Unit Code Unit Title Session : : : FHSC1114 Physical Chemistry 2014/05 Ms Azlina Banu, Mr Tam Yun Hong, Ms Chong Pui Kuan, Ms Amelia Chiang Kar Mun, Ms Farhanah, Ms Wong Jing Tyng, Ms Jamie Anne, Ms Lau Mei Chien, Mr Ng Sweet Kin, Ms Phang Ying Ning, Ms Precilla, Ms Rachel Tham, Ms Rajalakshmi, Mr Tan Jun Bin, Ms Tan Lee Siew Tutorial 3 : Chapter 3 Stoichiometry and Solution Concentration 1. Balance the following equations: (a) Al(s) + NH4ClO4(s) → Al2O3(s) + AlCl3(s) + NO(g) + H2O(g) (b) GaBr3(aq) + Na2SO3(aq) → Ga2(SO3)3(aq) + NaBr(aq) 2. Ethanol, C2H5OH, is a liquid with a density of 0.789 g ml-1 at 25 °C. Calculate the molarity of ethanol solution made by dissolving 20.00 mL of ethanol at 25 °C in enough water to make 250.0 ml of solution. [Ans: 1.37 mol L-1] 3. Copper sulfate is widely used as a dietary supplement for animal feed. A lab technician prepares a “stock” solution of CuSO4 by dissolving 79.80 g of CuSO4 in enough water to make 500.0 mL of solution. (a) Determine the molarity of the CuSO4 “stock” solution prepared by the technician. [Ans: 1 mol L-1] (b) Calculate the volume of CuSO4 “stock” solution that should be diluted to give 2.5 L of [Ans: 0.25 L] 0.1 M CuSO4. 4. Aluminum is a limiting reactant in the reaction with sulfur gas to form aluminum sulfide. Initially, 1.18 mol of aluminum and 2.25 mol of...
Words: 447 - Pages: 2
...shape, thickness, casting temperature, mould temperature, and mould strength. Therefore, it is better to determine the amount of shrinkage according to the past record obtained from many experiences. Table 1.2 shows an average amount of shrinkage for important cast metals. Table 1.2 Typical shrinkage allowances for important casting metals Type of metal Amount of shrinkage (%) Grey cast irons 0.55-1.00 White cast irons 2.10 Malleable cast irons 1.00 Steels 2.00 Manganese steel 2.60 Magnesium 1.80 Type of metal Zinc Brasses Bronzes Aluminium Aluminium alloys Tin Amount of shrinkage (%) 2.60 1.30-1.55 1.05-2.10 1.65 1.30-1.60 2.00 In practice, pattern makers use a special rule or scale, called the “pattern maker’s contraction rule”, which, after providing with necessary allowance, is slightly longer than the ordinary rule of the same length. The graduations are oversized by a proportionate amount, for example, when constructing a pattern for aluminium alloys, the pattern maker uses a contraction rule measuring...
Words: 977 - Pages: 4
...KPIs of Century Aluminum Some of the key determinants of our results of operations and cash flow from operations are as follows: Pricing: Increases or decreases in primary aluminum prices result in increases and decreases in Century Aluminum revenues (assuming all other factors are unchanged). The company may enter into forward contracts or other hedging arrangements to reduce its price risk, but did not hold any such contracts as of December 31, 2014. The average LME price for primary aluminum for 2014 was $1,867 per tonne, compared to $1,846 per tonne in 2013. The average regional delivery premiums increased in 2014 to $450 per tonne for the U.S. Midwest premium from $244 per tonne in 2013 and $218 per tonne in 2012. The company’s operating results are significantly impacted by changes in the price of primary aluminum and the materials used in its production, including electrical power, alumina, aluminum fluoride and carbon products; and it cannot pass thease additional costs to its consumers. Instead, the company tries to manipulate the prices through the use of fixed costs, negotiating LME-based pricing in some of the raw materials and electrical power contracts. Power supply agreements: Century Aluminum has put some much effort in negotiating power contracts within the regions they operate in. For example, the company managed to secure a power contract with a local supplier to sell to Hawesville plant at market price. This gives the company some room when it comes...
Words: 315 - Pages: 2
...Effectiveness of Antacid Tablets by Trisha Dwivdi, 2002 Abstract The purpose of this project was to figure out if antacid tablets are effective in neutralizing the human stomach. Effective was defined to mean that the tablet did not neutralize too much of the solution or too little of the solution compared to other brands. I titrated a solution that had a pH that was similar to the human stomach and tested four brands of popular antacid tablets. The four brands were Pepcid AC®, Zantac 75®, Rolaids®, and Alka Seltzer®. Rolaids® was the only brand that did not neutralize the solution. The other three antacid tablets did work and I decided that antacid tablets are effective in neutralizing the human stomach since they did not neutralize all of the stomach solution or they did not just neutralize a small amount of it. This experiment was all relative to the other tablets, because I had no background information on what defines an antacid tablet to be effective so I had to base it on the results of the other tablets. Rolaids® took an irregular amount of stomach solution compared to the other tablets to neutralize, so I based my results on this observation. Introduction The purpose of doing this project was to figure out if antacid tablets work effectively since there are many tablets out there on the market. I predicted that the antacid tablets will neutralize the stomach solution I made and therefore be effective. I worked in the Breck School Science Lab under...
Words: 2149 - Pages: 9
...Managerial Economics Koç University Graduate School of Business MGEC 501 Levent Koçkesen The Aluminum Industry in 1994 • Aluminum smelting is a perfectly competitive industry: 157 smelters worldwide in 1993 • Traded at London Metal Exchange (LME) • Price in 1988 over $2,500 per ton • Price at beginning of 1994 about $1,100 per ton • Mainly due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting flood of aluminum into the world markets by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 Annual Average Primary Aluminum Price (Dollars per metric ton) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 • • • • 1971-74: price controls. 1973-75: OPEC oil embargo and increase in oil prices 1986-88: Supply shortages 1991: Soviet Union Collapse Alusaf’s Hillside Project • At the beginning of 1994, Alusaf was considering to build the world’s largest smelter (466,000 tpy) at Richard’s Bay in South Africa • A feasibility study was done two years before, but since then the Russian flood had occurred. • Capital cost was projected to be $1.6 billion • Aluminum prices at about $1,110 • Alusaf had long-term contracts that ensured perton alumina and power costs at 41% of aluminum price • Should Alusaf go ahead with the project? How can we use supply-demand analysis to understand price dynamics? How does this help in entry decisions? 2 Smelting Process • • • • • Smelting is the process of extracting aluminum metal from aluminum oxide (alumina) through electrolytic reduction...
Words: 1649 - Pages: 7
