...Introduction Engendering the emotional energy of employees is the most difficult challenge facing organisational leaders worldwide. Several organisational behaviours can be attributed towards how successful a company will be. Motivation is a crucial aspect in many organisations and is also a key determinant in the triumph of a business. Motivation is defined as the process of initiating and directing behaviour, and willingness to exert high levels of effort to drive toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort's ability to satisfy individual needs (Gabriel 1989: 224; Mathis & Jackson 2006: 79). Therefore, motivation is considered to be detrimental to the facets of management within the workforce, where the quality of work that people express is often a result of the motivation they possess. This essay will discuss the concept of motivation by focusing on content theories of motivation and its related theories through exploration of the variable nature of needs and expectations. Also, this essay will discuss the importance of having a motivated workforce and how the application of these theories is pivotal in achieving staff motivation. Lastly, this essay will include an evaluation of Southwest Airlines, with particular emphasis on the links between motivation and value creation for the company, as well as staff satisfaction. Motivation The motivational process in management can be treated as a need satisfying process. Content theories of motivation are primarily...
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...Introduction The purpose of any classification system is to obtain an efficient arrangement of information in a simplified and generalized form. Thus climatic statistics can be organized in order to describe and delimit the major types of climate is quantitative terms. Obviously no single classification can serve more than a limited number of purposes of satisfactory and many different schemes have therefore been developed. Some schemes merely provide a convenient nomenclature system, whereas others are an essential primarily further study. Many climatic classifications, for instance are concerned with the relationship between climate and vegetation or soils but surprisingly few attempts have been made to base a classification on the direct effects of climate on man. General classification related to plant growth / vegetation. Numerous schemes have been suggested d for relating climatic limits to plant growth or vegetation growth rely basically or two basic criteria the degree of aridity and warmth. Aridity is not simply a matter of low precipitation but of the effective precipitation i.e. precipitation minus evaporation. The ratio of rainfall/temperature has been used as such an index of precipitation effectiveness or the ground that higher temperatures in cease evaporation. W. KOPPEN CLASSFICATION A prime example of this type of classification is W. Koppen published between 1900 and 1936. The key features of Koppen’s final classifications are temperature criteria and...
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...Women’s Role (1865-Present) Kimberly Burrows HIS 204 Joseph Scahill February 2, 2013 Women’s Role (1865-Present) Throughout history, women have suffered fewer rights then men and are discriminated against because of their gender. Historically, a woman’s main role was to tend to the home isolated in the domestic “bubble” and to raise their children while their husbands were away at work. In this paper, I will describe the historical significance of this issue from 1865 to the present. I will explain the historical developments that presented new opportunities for women in society. I will discuss the main individuals that were involved in these struggles. To conclude, I will analyze ways in which it contributed to an “ending of isolation” while assessing the challenges involved. Even today, women still face discrimination based on their gender. However, the role of women has changed significantly which has created a lasting and ongoing increase of women's rights. The woman’s role presents a historical significance from 1865 to today for many reasons. Prior to the Civil War, women were perceived as the weaker sex and were considered intellectually inferior to men. Their freedom was limited and they had fewer rights than men. Women were expected to marry, care for their home, cook, make clothing and raise their children. According to (Manning, 2005), “Women were viewed as wives and mothers, whose economic rights were mainly to be supported by a male breadwinner and protected...
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...Nearly 15% of all Americans are living with help from food stamps to support them and their children. The SNAP Program (Previously called the Food Stamps Program) originated in 1933, as during the Great Depression farmers had a quite the surplus of food. It then was repealed in 1943 but reintroduced to President Kennedy. Over the years, the program has become hugely controversial, and it has caused multiple debates over whether it should be maintained or discontinued the course. We believe that it should be stopped as there is an incredible amount of disadvantages to the program. The first reason why people should not buy junk food with food stamps is nutrition. The purpose of food stamps was to let people without enough money to buy healthy...
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...of Tsushima Strait to the battle of Midway. Not only was he a brilliant naval commander he was an innovator and saw that the air power is the future of naval warfare and saw to the better aircraft for the Japanese navy. His methods to attack were unique and his opinions were always valued by those around him. Although he saw America as an enemy he respected the power and industrial might the United States held compared to Japan. He was once asked by the Japanese Prime Minister if Japan stood a chance against America. He replied, “We can run wild for six months or a year, but after that I have no confidence.” (Joseph). Yamamoto was born April 4th, 1884 and was the sixth son to Sadayoshi Takano. His name means 56 only because his father was 56 at his date of birth. At the age of 16 he joined the Japanese Imperial Navy and was sent to Japanese Naval Academy at Etajima. He graduated in 1904 and was stationed around the cruiser Nisshin and the participated in the battle for Tsushima Strait. He lost two fingers on his left hand, but because of his potential leaderships skills was sent to Naval Staff College in 1913. In 1919, Yamamoto was sent to study in America. He studied English in Harvard and also studied into the strengths and weakness of the US. He graduated in 1923 and was knowledgeable in naval aviation and viewed it as the future of naval combat. However, many believed that battleships were the key to naval combat and would ignore his ideals. Around the late 30’s because of...
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...Jean-Paul Sartre and Existentialism Jean-Paul Sartre . . . the name is one of the most popular in modern philosophy. But who was he? What did he write and what were his works about? What was his role with regard to Existentialism? What is Existentialism, really? What life influences affected the person as whom he became famous? How would Sartre assess various social topics that we face today? What are the problems with Sartre's view of Existentialism and existence in general? These are the questions addressed in the following pages of this brief dissertation.His life Upon reviewing several sources, it is apparent that Sartre was a very disorganized and inconsistent individual. Sartre was obsessed with his intellect to the point of abandon of all else in his life - personal hygiene, honesty, organization, thoroughness, and more. It seems that he felt he was of superior intelligence in comparison to all others who surrounded him. He was not necessarily a great and original thinker, but rather a superb media sensation of sorts. Rather than developing Existentialist thought, he merely promoted it to amazing popularity through his eccentric lifestyle. Although he is best known for his association with Existentialism, it is interesting to note that he denounced its principles later in life and adopted Marxism, which he also later denounced. Jean-Paul-Charles-Aymard Sartre was born in Paris on June 21, 1905, the only child of Anne-Marie Schweitzer Sartre and Jean-Baptiste Sartre. Anne-Marie...
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...history when measured as a fraction of disposable income. Along with the real decreases in food cost, per capita food availability has increased. Consequently, this smaller share of disposable income now buys many more calories, leading to the increase of obesity. The obesity epidemic has been fueled by historically low food prices relative to income. In the United States alone, an estimated 34,000 new cases of cancer among men (4%)...
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...112 February 23, 2011 In this time of day we still have people that are against legalizing marijuana, but now it brings up discussion about marijuana if United States should legalized marijuana for medical purpose. Now you have to ask yourself something, why is marijuana illegal in the first place? If the government wants to legalize it for medical purposes, why not completely legalize it. So the question is if prohibition is here to protect us, does the prohibition really work? Where in today’s studies there no proof that marijuana is harmful to the American people, so let take a closer look on why marijuana should be legalized in Untied States. Couple years now the discussion of legalizing marijuana is coming up a lot more nowadays. It’s showing that marijuana is actually more useful than people think. So the government is thinking about legalizing marijuana for medical purposes. That raises some red flags, because everybody thinks it so harmful, but that’s not the case. “Actually it’s a proven fact that marijuana does not kill brain cells, it actually stimulates the brain cells and helps them grow.” (The Union-Adam Scorgie 2011) “Also from today polls there are no record death from Marijuana.” (CNBC-2011) Let’s take a look at a poll taking by “The United States government National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bureau of Mortality Statistics: TOBACCO……….400,000 ALCOHOL …………………… 100,000 ALL LEGAL DRUGS ………….20,000 ...
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...“with this personal identification with a community subgroup comes the threat of isolation” (Kuramitsu). The more an individual begins to recognize their heritage and embrace their origin, Gayatri Spivak, “Acting Bits/Identity Talk”, Critical Inquiry would assert, “history slouches in one’s origins, ready to comfort and kill.” The consequences of history offer to narratives, peace and equality or secondly protest and pain. In America which operates on the principle of Democracy, people and citizens believe in fundamental rights as intuitively recognizable. These provisions are grounded in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. During World War II these rights were quickly destroyed. Internment camp prisoner Henry Sugimoto and War Relocation Authority photographer Dorothea Lange’s; uncensored artwork and photography lifted the veil capturing the plight and destitute existence Japanese Americans citizens endured as a result of Executive Order 9066, issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942. During World War II in America, the “Model Immigrant” citizen endured imprisonment, racism, discrimination, and censorship. Once the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 instantly anti-Japanese hysteria spread across the United States. The oppression began as 110,000 Japanese immigrants and Japanese...
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...Case Study: Marketing the National Hockey League Executive Summary: Hockey started in 1917 with teams who played competitive games, professionally as a form of both entertainment, and economic income. Teams entered the National Hockey League (NHL), but many folded, leaving six teams, also known as "The Original Six" who survived by 1943. Over the years, the league expanded all through North America, up until 1995 when the league had 26 teams competing for the "hockey veil"- The Stanley Cup. Men from all over the world were being scouted and drafted to the NHL, turning the league into a thriving business for players, coaches, owners, and advertisements. Looking at the bigger picture, hockey is still substantially less popular than other professional sports that are being listened to on the radio, watched on the television, and being played recreationally. The problem is that there is not a large enough fan base coming out of Canada. Ways to change this are: more involvement with Canadian media, have Canadian hockey players reach out to their hometowns, or have the NHL put together another Canadian team. When it comes down to the best alternative for the NHL to expand, involving more of the Canadian media is the best option. If the plan is implemented, the overall outcome would be beneficial to the NHL. Situational Analysis: Problem Statement: The National Hockey League is a business where marketing is incredibly important. Since 1917 when hockey was introduced, exposing...
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...Academic year: 2013-2014 Degree on Management International Negotiation “The Bretton Woods Agreement [1944]” Luís Leite Teacher in Charge: Carmen Amado Mendes Index: “The Bretton Woods Agreement [1944]”........................................... 0 Luís Leite ............................................................................................ 0 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 2 2. Pre-Negotiation ........................................................................... 4 3. Negotiation before the final conference ................................... 11 4. Negotiation: The Bretton Woods Conference ........................... 15 5. Conclusion: Later changes and full analysis ............................. 19 6. Primary Sources and Bibliography ............................................ 22 7. Annexes: .................................................................................... 26 FEUC – Negociação Internacional – 2013-14 1 1. Introduction The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference that occurred from the 1st of July to the 22nd in 1944 better known as the Bretton Woods conference gave origin to a ground-breaking system. It was the first time a fully negotiated monetary order came to existence which a new paradigm perspective on how to face economical international relations. This essay will help you understand why the Bretton Woods system happened, its historical context...
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...Critically evaluate Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a famous psychological theory developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. This theory says that there is a hierarchy of human needs which reflects their motivations. He divided human needs into five hierarchies: physical needs, security needs, social needs, self-esteem and self-actualization needs. He stated that human motivations approximately change through these five levels. As a result, it has been considered as a useful tool in management in western countries because motivation is an important factor of human behaviors. Motivation plays an important role in employment. Well motivated workers work harder with higher efficiency and have a stronger sense of participation. However, some criticisms point out that Maslow’s theory may not be able to applied in some other culture contexts like China because it is based on a narrow research with particular targets in America. That is to say that Maslow’s theory is not correct in all nations because of cultural differences, especially in China. This essay will give a critical evaluation of this theory by considering its advantages and defects of Maslow’s theory to see whether it is useful in China. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is generally useful and makes a great contribution to business management. There are several advantages of Maslow’s theory. First, this theory clearly reflects human...
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...Summary vs Executive Summary Summary and Executive summary are two terms that are used quite often in education and business areas differently. A summary is a short or a brief account, sometimes elaborate too of the various events of a play. An executive summary on the other hand is a term used in business for a short document that summarizes a longer report, especially a business report. An executive summary is normally a condensed version of the full business document. Hence it needs skill on the part of the writer to execute an executive summary. On the other hand a summary should give salient features of any given aspect of a novel, or a short story or a play. This is the difference between a summary and an executive summary. You can write a summary of any particular episode of a novel or any other fiction written by Jane Austen. The particular summary should contain the various events of the episode in a nutshell or briefly. On the other hand an executive summary should be written in non-technical language. This is the main difference between the two. An executive summary should necessarily have a conclusion. On the other hand a conclusion is not necessary while writing a summary of a play or any scene of a play. An executive summary should ultimately make a business recommendation. No such intention is included in the writing of a summary. An executive summary should contain short and concise paragraphs. On the other hand a summary need not have short and concise paragraphs...
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...9-504-094 REV: SEPTEMBER 14, 2004 YOUNGME MOON IKEA Invades America In 2002, the IKEA Group was the world’s top furniture retailer. With sales approaching $12 billion, IKEA operated 154 stores in 22 countries and serviced 286 million customers a year. (See Exhibits 1 through 4.) In the United States, IKEA had 14 stores, with plans to open as many as nine more in 2003. There were a number of factors that distinguished IKEA from other furniture retailers—its stores were strictly self-service and featured such amenities as playrooms for children and Swedish cafés, and all of its furniture came unassembled (customers were expected to put together the furniture on their own)—yet there was no question about the company’s success; when a new store opened, it was not unusual for thousands of shoppers to line up on the first day. Company Background IKEA was founded in 1943 when 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad decided to start a local catalog company using some money his father had given him.1 Initially, the company sold basic household goods at discount prices; in 1947, however, Kamprad began selling home furnishings. Six years later, Kamprad opened his first furniture showroom, and two years after that, IKEA began designing its own low-priced furniture. In 1958, IKEA opened its inaugural store, in Almhult, Sweden; at 6,700 square meters, it was the largest furniture display in Scandinavia at the time. By the time IKEA opened its flagship store in Stockholm in 1965...
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...IKEA: Expanding globally Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3 1. A learning organization: understanding the culture of learning and innovation….3 2.1 General concept of learning organization……………………………………3 2.2 IKEA – a learning organization in various market:………………………….4 2. IKEA’s internationalization strategy ……………………………………………..6 3.3 Internationalization strategy from 1974 onwards ……………………………6 3.4 From the perspective of internationalization theories: ………………………7 3. Issued considered in international market research and opportunity analysis: ….9 3.1The Japanese and Chinese market: ……………………………………………9 3.2 The Brazilian market: ………………………………………………………..9 4. IKEA’s entry mode strategy: …………………………………………………...12 5.5 Subsidiaries………………………………………………………………….13 5.6 Franchising………………………………………………………………….13 Summary Introduction Globalization is now playing an important role in the growth of economies across the world. The rapid growth of its process has led to social, economic, technical, cultural and ecological interdependence among nations. It also provides new and potentially profitable markets, increases firms’ competitiveness, facilitates access to new product ideas, manufacturing innovations. Thanks to its numerous advantages, the world is moving closer together and a great deal of organizations has great opportunities to expand their market to foreign ones. IKEA, the world’s largest furniture retailer, did not...
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