...contrast the ideas expressed in the two texts. To what extent do these texts show that national and cultural stereotypes are no longer a useful way of examining the human condition and economic activity? Choose an element in the texts which you find interesting and explain your reaction to it by giving examples from your own experience. It is commonly regarded that globalization is a world trend today, thus national and cultural stereotypes are drawing attention. Before reading, the definition of stereotype should be clarified. Stereotypes are traits but different from the country, language, culture and other factors. Furthermore, stereotype is ‘a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing’ (Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press, 2014). This essay will compare and contrast the ideas from two articles named ‘Intercultural communication for sale’ (Piller, 2011) and ‘East meets West: How the brains unites us all’ (Yong, 2009), then consider whether stereotypes are useful to examine people’s mind and business activities. It is shown in two texts that national stereotype is a common topic that both Piller and Yong discussed in their articles. Yong (2009) refers to stereotypes that easterners have a holistic world view, while westerners tend to think more analytically. Piller (2011) uses the ideas of stereotypes and shows how they can be exploited to help sell products. Moreover, both Piller and Yong have mentioned or...
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...the few shows ever to be centered around an Asian-American family on American television. Growing up in America with first generation immigrant parents has not been easy, and growing up in a culture where you can’t even see yourself in everyday media makes it even harder to adjust. I remember watching T.V. as a kid and rarely did I see any Asian Americans on the screen; and if I did, the characters were portrayed in a way I was not familiar with. Finally getting a show like Fresh Off The Boat makes it seem like Asian Americans are breaking through barriers and making their way into mainstream media. As an Asian American myself, I happen to see this as a huge deal; finally, there is something I can relate to on T.V. Even though the Asian-American community has been excited and supportive of the series, it apparently does not appeal to the majority, and there have already been rumors of the show’s cancellation. But why is a show as innovative as Fresh Off the Boat being cancelled? The show has so many fans and is considered ground braking in the Asian-American community, but that is not enough to keep the show on air apparently. -As a minority in America, Asian Americans deserve to have their culture portrayed accurately in mainstream media. However, whenever there are Asian characters on television or films, the roles do not reflect the Asian culture, but reflect the stereotypes thought of the culture. Mainstream American pop culture has failed to represent Asian culture...
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...countries such as China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, and the Philippines, have been immigrating into the United States. Arriving with not anything in their pockets and nothing but hope, without a doubt they truly believe that the United States is the land of opportunity. Although many of them have successfully amalgamated into American culture through hard work and diehard persistence, the idea of this “model minority” trails behind them unceasingly. This stereotype of the model minority characterizes Asians as having everything “figured out”. They are willing and ready to assimilate completely into American culture; they stay of trouble and are submissive, and they dominate in both education and in the work place. Even though this stereotype seemingly praises Asians; in truth, it has a counteractive effect on both the Asian community and other ethnic groups as well. Despite the existence of this model minority stereotype, Asians are not followers of the myth and altogether demonstrate it counterfactual. In Asian American Dreams, Helen Zia introduces the model minority myth through an article titled “Success Story of One Minority Group in the United States” where it explains it as a reasonably form of praise claiming “at a time when Americans are awash in worry over the plight of racial minorities, one such minority, the nation’s 300,000 Chinese Americans, is winning wealth and respect by dint of its own hard work…” (Zia, 46). This quote claims that Asian Americans are achieving...
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...American Tongues Film Commentary The film American Tongues discusses different accents and dialects in the United States. The movie focuses on the way people perceive others with different accents. There are many stereotypes that are associated with different accents. People might judge you by the way you talk and how you say it depending on their accents. People might not like someone because of their accent therefore people are quick to pass judgment. They also make judgments about a specific area due to their accents. People might make fun of you, laugh at you and associate stereotype with you based on your accent. For example, there’s a lot more prejudice against a Southern accent than there is against any other kind. In the Northerner’s mind, a southern accent equals both ignorance and racism and you’ll see that stereotype reinforced in zillions of old movies. Slow-talking Southerner who’s the butt of all the jokes in the military movie. And that’s a stock character in American movies and it really has reinforced the prejudice against the southern accent. Before watching this movie, I didn’t know American will also make fun of people who speak English with regional accents. Because I didn’t grow up in the USA and It is hard for me to tell if the people have regional accent or not. I grew up in China and my mother langue is Chinese. English is my second language, and the English I speak people name it Chinglish. I experienced any negative reactions to the way I speak...
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...The dominant image of Asian Americans as high achievers can be traced back to 1966 when Time Magazine (Peterson, 1960) and U.S. News and World Report (1966) reported on the ability of Japanese- and Chinese-Americans to achieve success in the face of the same adversities declared by proponents of the civil rights movement (Tran and Birman 2010). Direct experiences are pervasive, with research showing that over 99 % of Asian American adolescents have had at least one encounter in which they felt like they were being stereotyped as a model minority (Thompson and Kiang 2010). Yet, despite its prevalence and commonality, the developmental implications of the model minority stereotype are not well-understood. Most of the existing research has been...
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...conditions in which most Americans believed Chinese lived in. They saw Chinatowns as “depraved colonies of prostitutes, gamblers and opium addicts bereft of decency”. During World War II, some Americans believed that China would see the United States and their Chinese Exclusion Act negatively and wish to no longer support us against Japan and the rest of the Axis powers. These people ended up being able to project the thought that most Americans think that Chinese immigrants were “‘law-abiding, peace-loving, courteous people living quietly among us’” instead of what they thought they were. In 1943, the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed by Congress. In the 1950s, this idea of Chinese children being obedient and respectful to their elders was reused after they saw a “national juvenile delinquent crisis”. Another stereotype they put onto the Chinese children was that they had a “high moral sense”. “U.S. Rep. Arthur Klein of New York praised his Manhattan Chinatown constituents for their ‘respect for parents and teachers,’ ‘stable and loving home life’ and thirst for education”, Wu says....
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...Stereotypes against minorities through film Introduction: Stereotyping against minorities had been an issue since the 20th century and since then the minorities had been protesting against the discrimination and inequality in entertainment industries. This includes the discrimination in vote, ownership, basic human rights and social rights which led to the stride of the minorities to protest for the equal rights living in a country. For example in America, the black Americans were hunted and lynched by the white Americans and it was celebrated as a sport. So in mid of 20th century, although the black Americans got their freedom, they still faced the color racism by the majority of America. Stereotyping against minorities through entertainment started at the start of the entertainment industry in the world. Unfortunately, stereotyping against the minorities through media was also recorded by the film’s historians. Considering the example of Joseph Goebbels, who was the propaganda general during World War 2 and he was considered to be the founder of the discrimination portrayed in his directed films. During Nazi Regime, there were many stereotyping against the Jews and this discrimination was proudly displayed by the Goebbels propaganda they specifically targeted the Jewish controlled organization and they were negatively portrayed in the entire film. However these stereotyping ended by the end of National Socialist Party but sadly the practice of stereotyping the minorities...
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...The Chinese Exclusion Act There has been many intrusive stereotypes about many cultures, mainly because they were immigrants and so new to Americans. Theses stereotypes didn’t seem to validate them, but instead it invalidated them, in multiple ways. Many people still perceive different cultures with unfairness. The Chinese one of many cultures, were immigrating to America because of the gold rush. Most moved to American to boosted to financial status. There were many job opportunities for the Chinese so many more immigrants came into America, Eventually taking more and more jobs. Because they were coming to America for jobs and ultimately money, they were put into the stereotype of being greedy or selfish. Americans now felt that there weren’t enough jobs for the locals. The Chinese exclusion act was an act in order to band immigration from America. Because so many Chinese immigrants...
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...1. Most Malaysian Moslems take Islam very seriously, and follow its precepts as a lifestyle as much as a religion. Because the mosque is regularly visited, it may serve as a place to socialize and nurture business contacts within the Moslem community，because of the influence of Hindu and Chinese spiritual beliefs, Malaysian Moslems (like their Indonesian coreligionists to the south) are more likely than Moslems elsewhere to believe in ghosts and the spirit world. While remaining true to the essential monotheistic beliefs of Islam, Malaysians nonetheless recognize spiritual forces or attributes of the soul in a variety objects. The presence of ghosts, witches, and other spiritual entities remain a real part of life for many Malaysians, and the need to placate these spirits affects all aspects of life, including work. A common mistake of foreigners is to view Malaysia as a traditional Islamic society and therefore to play down the importance of these supernatural forces, to criticize such beliefs, or to mistakenly reduce their importance to that of mere superstition. Fear of ghosts or the believed presence of spiritual forces can prevent employees from coming to work or prevent the conclusion of a business deal. A vital element of Malaysian culture, as with most Asian cultures, is the concept of face. In Malaysian society to 'lose face', that is to lose control of one’s emotions or to show embarrassment in public, is perceived as a negative behavior. Malaysians will use a number...
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...business with other countries have begun taking all steps necessary to make business transactions with international businesses. Many large corporations have begun doing successful transactions with other large corporations, and governments of various countries have begun working together to help better businesses throughout the world. If two international businesses choose to combine practices to better both parties involved, and failure to properly communicate with each other, the businesses will face ethical dilemmas that are quickly brought to global attention by various media sources. The intentions of this paper are to showcase the different ethical perspectives of Mexico and China compared to the ethical perspectives of America. The article “A Chinese Perspective: Business Ethics in China and in the Future”...
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...African Americans have faced racism, prejudice attitudes, and discrimination in America for hundreds of years. First Black people were brought over as slaves and treated horribly by White people. After Black people were finally freed, they were then segregated from Whites until 1964 (Parrillo, 2011). Presently Black people still experience a great deal of racism in the United States. There are four main areas where African Americans encounter racism: job attainment, acceptance by other citizens, education, and poverty. Black people experience job discrimination through institutional discrimination. As defined by Parrillo, 2011, "institutional discrimination is the unequal treatment of subordinate groups inherent in the ongoing operations of society's institutions. Entrenched in customs, laws, and practices, these discriminatory patterns can exist in banking, criminal justice, employment, education, health care, housing and many other areas in the private and public sectors" (62). African Americans may not get a higher paying position simply due to the fact that they are black, and therefore labeled a certain way. Affirmative action took place in 1961 in attempt to produce equality in the workforce (Parrillo, 2011). However, employers still find opportunities to avoid hiring an African American based on "other factors." Blacks also experience racism through acceptance by other American citizens, mainly Whites. Whites may make it harder for African Americans to participate and...
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...by instinct. The Typical stereotypes that have been said about Asian Americans are that we are hardworking, quiet, short and that we can not play sports. That we are book smart but not street smart which in turn is a result to an assumption that we can not drive. One of the stereotypes that people have about me as an Asian is that I can not play sports. As an Asian American, I was born to motivate myself through playing sports. I excel in numerous sports such as track and field and also in basketball. During my elementary school years I was involved in track and field from which I received five gold medals. Two of my medals were from the 5,000 meter dash, two more of them were from the 4 by 400 meter dash relay and my fifth one was from the 100 meter dash. When I reached high school I decided to switch sports. It was then that basketball became my passion. After trying out for my high school team and making the cut, I was able to experience a new opportunity. The opportunity in being able to compete with other countries. My team and I were eligible to compete in the Junior Southeast Asian games. We competed with team members who came from China, Mongolia, Laos, Japan, Cambodia and Vietnam. I would play my heart out during every practice and especially every game. I was soon rewarded for my talent. I was named Best in Sports and Athlete of the Year when I graduated from high school. One of my favorite examples that came into contrast to the stereotype that Asians can not play...
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...In today’s society stereotypes are a part of our everyday lives. We hear stereotypes every day and everywhere. Sometimes we can find ourselves in a situation where we make stereotypes for a large group of people. Every person, young or old, is labelled with either positive or negative stereotypes. A stereotype is an unreliable generalization about a person or group of persons. We develop stereotypes when we are unable or unwilling to obtain all of the information we would need to make fair judgments about people or situations. There are many types of stereotypes such as racial/ethnic stereotypes, religious stereotypes, gender stereotypes, ageism stereotypes and professional stereotypes. They can be divided into three different levels according to the degree of harm they can cause to either individuals or groups. The most harmful types of stereotypes are racial/ethnic stereotypes. Since people can be born into a racial group/ethnic group based on their physical differences/national origin, they will involuntarily receive an unequal treatment as compared with members of a dominant group. The racial/ethnic stereotypes may develop some social issues that can lead to prejudice, discrimination, segregation, or even extermination. In Canada, we see many people with different skin colours, physical characteristics, and cultural patterns. For example, Historically, the North American Aboriginal population has been decimated by the European settlers from the sixteenth through the nineteenth...
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...Single stereotypes have been identified for several decades since Duberman (1975) and Stain (1976) found that people viewed singles as less desirable and less natural than people who are married. Since then, the population of singles in the U.S. has increased dramatically (U.S. Census Bureau, 1970-2002). In 1970, single adults comprised about 28% of the adult population; however in 2014, according to the dataset of America's Families and Living Arrangements, the percentage of single adults among the general adult population had increased to 38%. As the population of singles has become larger, one might expect that certain stereotypes towards singles might have changed from the 1970s. However, a recent study (Hertel et al., 2007) indicated that...
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...advertisement in China showing Liu destroying the field and superimposed a series of questions designed to set nationalistic teeth on edge. "Asians lack muscle?" asked one. "Asians lack the will to win?" Then came the kicker, as Liu raised his arms above the trademark Swoosh on his shoulder: "Stereotypes are made to be broken." It was an instant success. "Nike understands why Chinese are proud," says Li Yao, a weekend player at Swoosh-bedecked basketball courts near Beijing's Tiananmen Square. Such clever marketing tactics have helped make Nike the icon for the new China. According to a recent Hill & Knowlton survey, Chinese consider Nike the Middle Kingdom's "coolest brand." Just as a new Flying Pigeon bicycle defined success when reforms began in the 1980s and a washing machine that could also scrub potatoes became the status symbol a decade later, so the Air Jordan — or any number of Nike products turned out in factories across Asia — has become the symbol of success for China's new middle class. Sales rose 66% last year, to an estimated $300 million, and Nike is opening an average of 1.5 new stores a day in China. Yes, a day. The goal is to migrate inland from China's richer east-coast towns in time for the outpouring of interest in sports that will accompany the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. How did Nike build such a booming business? For starters, the company promoted the right sports and launched a series of inspired ad campaigns. But the story of how Nike cracked the China code...
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