...Alex Munoz My Favorite Children’s Book “Frog and Toad are Friends” is a compilation of short stories about Arnold Lobel’s beloved characters Frog and Toad. Although this book was first published in 1970, the universal themes within are still relevant for children today. Frog and Toad are inseparable friends created by the author Arnold Lobel. He wrote four books about the lovable twosome, Frog and Toad are Friends, Frog and Toad Together, Frog and Toad All Year, and Days with Frog and Toad. These two amphibians have unique characteristics. The adventures of these two amphibians make for some of the simplest and most enjoyable chapter books for developing readers. Toad and Frog are, indeed, friends, and their respect for each other comes through on every page. Arnold Lobel's writing is engaging without being cloying, and the vocabulary is basic without being babyish. The story is illustrated with swamp-toned sketches of the friends and their surroundings. While we are never too old to read tales of compassion, caring, and unequivocal friendship, Lobel's Frog and Toad tales primarily speak to children in primary grades. The language is basic, the sentences are short, and the chapters in the books are just the right length. Even though the characters are fictional, the feelings they share are very real, and the...
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...Bizarre extinct frog brought back to life March 16, 2013, 10:55 am By environment reporter Sarah Clarke ABC Imagine a frog that can swallow its eggs, brood its young in its stomach and give birth through its mouth. The gastric brooding frog existed 30 years ago, but the extraordinary amphibian is now extinct. In a world first, a team of Australian scientists has taken the first major step in bringing it back to life. They have successfully reactivated its DNA and produced an embryo. Professor Mike Archer from the University of New South Wales is part of the team, which also includes researchers from the University of Newcastle. He says the amphibian was no ordinary frog. "In the stomach these eggs went on to develop into tadpoles and the tadpoles then went on to develop into little frogs," he told ABC radio's AM program. "And like any pregnant mum, when you have little babies rattling away in your stomach saying, 'let me out', she would then open her mouth and out would pop little frogs. "The first people that saw that were aghast. By the time anybody got excited about it, suddenly it was extinct. "So that's certainly one of the driving reasons why this would be a focal animal for seeing if we can de-extinct this amazing frog." That is exactly what a team of Australian scientists is doing. After locating a few carcases stored in a deep freezer, they have been able to recover tissue from the gastric brooding frog. Using a laboratory technique known as somatic cell nuclear transfer...
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...Frogs vs. Toads Frogs and toads are “small, tailless animal” that belongs to the amphibian class. (Forester 536 & Gibbons 303) Everyone thinks that frogs and toads are different from one another but in fact “there is no clear distinction between” them (Burnie & Wilson 440). Most people find it very difficult to differentiate between a frog and a toad that they often mix them up. Their physical features are very much alike but they are different on the basis of anatomy and habitat. When you see a creature hopping along the side of the creek, can you tell if it’s a frog or a toad? Frogs are very unique because “some frogs have colorful markings” (Forester 536). While as toads are marked in a “drab shades of brown, tan, gray, or black that serves as camouflage” (Campbell 217). Besides their markings, “almost all frogs have the same basic body structure” (Forester 536). Frogs have “long, powerful hind legs, which they use for jumping” (Forester 536). “Frogs can leap long distances, but also use their limbs to swim, burrow, and even to glide from tree to tree” (Wake 337). Unlike frogs, toads “generally have squat bodies and short legs” (Campbell 217). They do not “jump” like frogs so they “make short hops or even walk” (Campbell 217). As opposed to skin, frogs have “thin, moist skin” (Forester 536) and “the skin of most toads is dry, rough, and covered with warts” (Gibbons 303). There is an advantage to a toad’s dry skin. It’s “warty skin allows it to inhabit drier regions than...
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...Anurans in Sitio Pahiron Brgy. Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City A Research Proposal Presented to the Biology Department, Xavier University Cagayan de Oro City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Seminar and Problem I (Bio 20L) By: Antonette S. Paquera July 2015 APPROVED: Dr. Astrid Sinco Adviser ACCEPTED: Ms. Christine Lovelle Mahinay Reader Project Title: Anurans in Sitio Pahiron Brgy. Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City Proponent: Antonette S. Paquera Project Duration: 4 months (June 2015-September 2015) Project Budget: Php 55, 680.90 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Title Page A....................................................................................................................i Title Page B....................................................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................v LIST OF PLATES.........................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................v I. Introduction......................................................................................................
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...Justin “Film 1401 2013-4” Sequence Analysis Tutorial 13 A) Explain the plot structure and the story duration of the film. To explain the plot structure, we need to break down the five main components of the plot. Breaking down the five main components of the plot structure will allow us to get a better understanding of our film. The five components are: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and the resolution/denouement. I will be using the plot structure that incorporates all five of these components into three acts: 1. Setup, 2. Conflict and Obstacles, and 3. Resolution. Set up Act 1: The protagonist in the film is the little boy/teenager/man. We can look at him as our Luke Skywalker, and the older man (the Master Buddha) can be our Yoda. As seasons pass, the boy turns into a teenager. The master allows the boy to learn many life lessons on his journey to adulthood. A woman and her daughter who happens to be the same age as the boy enter the story line. At this point, we can establish that these three people will be our main characters. A floating temple on a beautiful lake is our setting. The boy, who has never been around a woman, falls in love with the girl immedialy. The film becomes enticing when the boy has a sexual awaking with the girl, and they get caught in the act. After being caught, the master then decides the girl is finally healed and her spirits are high. The boy decides to run to the outside world with...
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...ribbit in the middle of the night. Amphibians are still very important to humans, to the ecosystem, and to predators. If the amphibians become extinct, they will be nothing but a memory. Frogs control pests like flies, mosquitoes, and other insects that have the capability of carrying a disease. If a mosquito is carrying a disease and bites a human, they could get malaria, which can cause death. Frogs decrease the chance for humans to get deadly diseases like that. As amphibians decrease, problems may increase. Loosing fifty percent of the amphibians would put them almost extinct; they are already on the endangered list, which wouldn’t be good if we lost even more of the population. Conversationalists think that because amphibians are small, they are not as important to focus on, but they are wrong. Like mentioned above, amphibians control the insect population. The loss of the amphibians will also cause their predators to die as well. Amphibians have been teaching us many things; they have been alive for 350 million years, surviving dinosaurs, meteors, and also humans. That is a long period of evolutionary success. They adapt to wide range of environments like deserts, forests, and ponds. They still teach us things today, like new medicines and cures that are used from the chemicals within the skins of the amphibians. The chemicals can be used to make heart stimulates, painkillers, and organ gluers. Loosing more amphibian population would cause a negative...
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...article on the National Geographic website called: 4 Foot Salamander arrives in London as Face of New Conservation effort grabbed my attention and my selection to discuss the threats that face Chinese Giant Salamander. This memo includes information from the article: Development of the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus farming industry in Shaanxi Province, China: conservation threats and opportunities. The Chinese Giant Salamander, the largest amphibian, is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN red list (IUCN 2012). Since the 1950s, the species population has dropped significantly. Its main threat is overexploitation for human consumption. The Chinese Giant Salamander farming industry adds increased threat including infectious disease and loss of genetic integrity (Murphy et al. 2000). The Chinese Giant Salamander is one of three living species in the family, Cryptobranchidae, which is over 170 million years old. The Chinese Giant Salamander is especially important for conservation because this amphibian has one of the longest family lineages alive today. The Chinese Giant Salamander is considered a delicacy in China. Although the Chinese Giant Salamander farming industry is only about a decade old, it is extremely detrimental to the species. It has an estimated population decline of more than 80% in three generations with a generation time of approximately 15 years (Gang et al. 2004). These farms cannot contribute to the population because many of...
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...bulging eye; however, the frogs eyes are s illuminely bigger than the toads. As you read on you will learn the differences and similarities between the frog and toad. There are 2000 known species of the frog compared to the 300 kinds of toads. A frog is a small, slim, four legged amphibian with smooth skin and foresighted powerful hind legs with webbed feet. The biggest frog is the Giant frog, sometimes called Goliath Frog, in West Africa. This Giant frog laughingstock grow up to a foot in length. The frog is green or brown skinned with dark markings, pointed head, long hind legs, and can get one to four inches in length. Some frogs have suckers on their feet which help them cling to tree diagram trunks as they climb, known as tree frogs. The toad on the other hand has dry, warty skin with non as powerful hind legs. Toads are also lucubrate compared to the slim frog. The toad will puff up with conduct at times. Toads walk slow and have shorter legs than the frog. Toads are light brown skinned with brown markings; dry skin, flabby and can get up to three inches in length. The frog belongs to the family Ranidae family while the toad belongs to the Bufonide family. Frogs and toads are both amphibians and are cool blooded. The two are carnivores and are found almost anywhere. A frog however, is not found in Antarctica; the toad is not found in Australasia, Polar Regions, Madagascar, and Polynesia. You are most apparent looking at a frog if you are approximately water or in water...
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...The Newly Discovered Purple Chubby Amphibian For decades scientist have tried finding a species that once shared the same land when dinosaurs still crawled on this Earth. To scientist surprise, they recently made an unusual discovery of a new species of frogs. The strange looking new amphibian is known to be a sole surviving member of amphibians that evolved more than 130 million years ago. Scientist calls this species discovery as a ‘once in a century find’ because of it’s belonging to an ancient group of amphibians that once shared the same land with dinosaurs. Formally discovered in 2003, the poignous frog, also known as the “Purple Frog”, has been the talk of all scientist discoveries because of its comic features and behaviors. Although this new species has recently been discovered with highly distinctive and comical appearances, its behaviors adaptive values benefit the amphibian by increasing its total fitness. However scientists might now be able to research this rare species because it is slowly decreasing in population. The purple frog has a sidesplitting appearance with a distinctive habitat in an unusual range of geographical location. This new species of frog can be described as a typical frog at first glance but as you pay closer attention you notice its distinctive appearances compared to other species of frogs. The body has a similar shape like most frogs yet it has a plump bloated body shape with short fore and hind limbs that end in webbed feet with rounded...
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...taken in order to protect the genetic variance of the species and to prevent the infection of the area with deadly fungus common in the amphibian pet trade. Before we can do this however their habitat will need to be restored as, without a livable habitat, the species and the community living in the area as a whole will continue to suffer. The primary cause of the declining wild Axolotl population is the destruction and pollution of their only known native habitat, a series of lakes and channels in Mexico City. A majority of the Axolotl's habitat was lost through “various efforts at flood control and sewage disposal” (“Axolotl”). As there are no other known native habitats, what is remaining of the lake system will need to be restored if the species is to have a chance surviving outside of captivity. Aside from pollution and drainage, “at least ten species of non native fish have been introduced into Lake Xochimilco” (Lydia K.). These fish are not only competing with the salamanders for food but many species will also eat smaller Axolotls and their eggs. Captive bred Axolotls may pose ecological risks if released into the wild as they are now. Many captive Axolotls carry a “fungal disease called Chytridiomycosis, which can be fatal to amphibians” (Brisack).This fungus can be incredibly hard to cure and is easily communicable among amphibians A large amount of Axolotls in the pet trade carry the fungus and it is not always noticeable to the untrained eye. Reintroduction is...
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...20 facts about baby animals 1. Some animal babies are tiny versions of adults. 2. Baby animals start life in different ways. 3. Some hatch out of eggs and some are born live. 4. Birds, amphibians, fish, and many reptiles do this inside an egg. 5. A baby bird enters the world by hatching out of a hard – shelled egg laid by its mother. 6. Many birds incubate their eggs by sitting on them to keep them warm until they hatch. 7. Emperor and king penguins, which live in Antarctica, warm their eggs by resting them on top of their feet. 8. Many snakes begin life in eggs too, but snake eggs are tough and leathery rather than hard and brittle. 9. A snake called the Indian rock python lays between 50 and 100 eggs at a time. 10. Since snakes are cold blooded, the mother rock python has to twitch her muscles to create heat. 11. During the two months it takes for the eggs to hatch, the mother python stays in one place and dose not even eat. 12. Frogs lay their eggs in jelly – like clumps along the edge of a pond. 13. Mother frogs do not take care of their eggs. 14. When a baby, or tadpole, hatches, it doesn’t look anything like an adult frog. 15. It has a tail, it has no legs or eyes, and it is completely helpless. 16. The tadpole grows legs, its tail begins to shrink, and it looks more and more like its parents. 17. Some baby animals do not hatch from eggs. 18. Mammals differ from other kinds of animals in other ways...
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...prehistoric predecessor to the modern frog, lived 370 million years ago during the Devonian Period. Sometimes referred to as "the first four-legged fish," skeletal remains of this earliest-known amphibian were first discovered in East Greenland. Surprised? Few people realize just how ancient frogs are. For 190 million years, the ancestors of modern frogs have roamed (if not ruled) the earth, looking much the same as they do today. The secret to their success is their amazing adaptability. As amphibians, frogs have one webbed foot in each of two worlds. The advantages of this double life are clear to see: Are land predators giving you trouble? Dive into the water. Not enough to eat in the pond? Hop out and see what they're serving on shore. Frogs have evolved to live in an astounding variety of climates. They can be found just about anywhere there's fresh water, from the desert to the Arctic, on all continents except Antarctica. Though they thrive in warm, moist tropical climates, frogs also live in deserts and high on 15,000 foot mountain slopes. The Australian water-holding frog is a desert dweller that can wait up to seven years for rain. It burrows underground and surrounds itself in a transparent cocoon made of its own shed skin. Frozen Wood Frog Like all amphibians, frogs are cold-blooded, meaning that their body temperatures change with the temperature of their surroundings. When temperatures drop, some frogs dig burrows underground or in the mud at the...
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...rate and have led to deadly outbreaks in amphibian, bat, and bee populations. And in the last decade, researchers note, some of the most virulent strains have infected people. by Michelle Nijhuis On the southeastern outskirts of Washington, D.C., inside the Smithsonian Institution’s cavernous Museum Support Center, one can see some frogs that no longer exist. Alcohol-filled glass jars hold preserved specimens of Incilius periglenes, the Monte Verde golden toad; the Honduran frog Craugastor chrysozetetes, which in life was olive-brown with purple palms and soles; its Costa Rican cousin, Craugastor escoces; and Atelopus ignescens, a black toad not seen in the wild for decades. All of these extinct species are likely victims of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which attacks the outer skin layers of amphibians, disrupting their water and electrolyte intake so severely that infected animals can die of cardiac arrest. The fungus, known familiarly as Bd, has been found in more than 500 species of amphibians in 54 countries to date, most recently in Asia. Some areas of Central America have lost more than 40 percent of their amphibian species to Bd infection. Karen Lips, a University of Maryland herpetologist who has watched Bd march through Central American amphibian populations for almost 20 years, says no amphibian is safe: “We live in a Bd world now,” she says. USFW The BD fungus has been found in more than 500 species of amphibians, including the Panamanian golden toad. ...
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...Tikhomirova 1 Tatiana Tikhomirova Marcio Pre-Degree I 3 March 2014 Life Cycle of a Frog Despite the fact that the frog is a small animal, in terms of symbolism, it is of some interest. In ancient Egypt, because of its fertility, as well as a striking transformation from egg to a tadpole, and then in the quadruped animal, the frog was considered strange creature and was a symbol of emerging and ever-renewing life. Often, the ancient gods of care arising out of the mire, depicted with frog heads. Goddess of child-birth, who was a good helper of the popular religion, looked like a frog. (“Heqet”) This essay will describe frog’s transformation from egg to adult frog by three steps. First of all, frogs lay eggs. When multiple eggs stick together, they are collectively known as frogspawn. After fertilization, the innermost portion liquefies to allow free movement of the developing embryo. Most eggs are black or dark brown, and it has the advantage of absorbing heat from the sun, which holds the insulating capsule. Frogs lay a lot of eggs because there are many dangers between fertilization and grown frog. Those eggs that die turn white. Life starts right as the central yolk splits in two. It then divides into four, then eight, etc. Soon, the embryo starts to look more and more like a tadpole, getting longer and moving in egg. Usually, about 6-21 days after being fertilized, the egg will hatch. Most eggs are found in calm or static waters. When the rain comes along, after development...
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...Frogs are a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek an-, without + oura, tail). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is found in tropical rainforests. There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. The body plan of an adult frog is generally characterized by a stout body, protruding eyes, cleft tongue, limbs folded underneath and the absence of a tail. Besides living in fresh water and on dry land, the adults of some species are adapted for living underground or in trees. The skin of the frog is glandular, with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic. Warty species of frog tend to be called toads but the distinction between frogs and toads is based on informal naming conventions concentrating on the warts rather than taxonomy or evolutionary history; some toads are more closely related to frogs than to other toads. Frogs' skins vary in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to advertise toxicity and warn off predators. Frogs typically...
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