...The Shortage Lake Powell is a one of the largest reservoirs in the United States and its water is used in many states and cities surrounding it. This massive lake is used for many things like: useable water, electrical power from the dams turbines, recreational use, and for the many creatures that live in and around the lake. With the decreasing water levels due to the current drought all of the resources this lake provides could come to an end. In Tom Yulsman’s article he says, “Over the long run, the Colorado has been providing less than it once did, even as demand for its water has risen. And this year, as in most years during the past 15, the water situation in the river basin is not looking good.” (Yulsman, Tom). Because of the current...
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...for disaster Several Himalayan geologists have repeatedly expressed apprehension against the massive road and dam-building construction activity taking place in Uttarakhand which had resulted in the hillsides “crumbling. States oppose Model Flood Bill Even as floods play havoc in Uttarakhand, several states have opposed the provisions of a 38-year-old Model Flood Bill aimed at minimising losses to life and property in the natural calamity. The CWC had circulated the model bill to all the states to help the state governments enact the legislation. Except for Manipur and Rajasthan, no state legislature has enacted the 'Model Bill on Flood Plain Zoning'. Human hand behind flood disaster Ecologists point out that the huge expansion of hydro-power projects and construction of roads to cope with the lakhs of tourists in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh has compounded the scale of the disaster. There are of course links between climate change and extreme weather events as has happened with the torrential rain in Uttarakhand. But this has been exacerbated by the reckless construction of buildings, dams and roads in a fragile environment. Many of the settlements have been built right next to the rivers in blatant violation of environmental laws. The expansion of roads has proved a major destabilising factor combined as it is with plans to construct over 200 dams in this sensitive eco-zone. Data with the Uttarakhand state transport department bears this out. The state has...
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...and for recreation. But is the cost of the new reservoir worth the damage to the existing ecosystem? One such proposed reservoir, the Marvin Nichols Reservoir, is the center of much debate here in Northeast Texas. The new lake will cover over 72,000 acres of hardwood forest, river bottoms, farmland, and ranchland. With most of the water going to the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex, is the damage to the current ecosystem really necessary? Can the Metroplex enforce more water conservation regulations to save water without expanding their water sources? What will happen to the native plants and animals in the area? All these questions are at the center of a huge debate over the proposed reservoir. Now the Dallas area is one of our nation’s fastest growing areas. From 2010 to 2013 this area has seen a growth rate of 6.0 percent, which brings the current population to just fewer than 7 million people. This Growth can be attributed to the relatively low cost of living in the area. The State of Texas as a whole profited a great deal from the oil and gas industry. These profits have allowed the state to operate without having a state income tax and a low sales tax. This tax rate, along with a low cost of living and a medium cost of housing below $200 thousand, has made this area very attractive and helped push the increase in population. You can see with this ever increasing population, why they would want to take...
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...accident during poor visibility, and two heart attacks from shoveling ash. An article about Mt. St. Helens says " For a limited time, some people living near the eruption suffered from post traumatic syndrome: depression, trouble sleep, irritability, and a sense of powerlessness.". Basically the impacts a volcano has in humans life are related to heatlh, and economical problems. Each time a volcano erupts lives can be in dangerous. 2. Kilauea Volcano It is a shield volcano located in the Hawaiian Islands, it is also the most active of the five volcanos that form the Hawaii island. The effect that it can have in humans lives is the same as the Mt.St.Helens, people are in dangerous because the volcano can erupt any time. One time the lava flows from the Kilauea volcanoes has destroyed a couple of towns and cut the highway on the east cost of the Big Island of Hawaii. The lava flowing into the sea is causing the island to grow, very slowly; also, the sulfurous fumes of the volcano are corrosive and toxic, and because of that hundreds of people were forced to evacuate. 3. Crater Lake It is a caldera lake in te western United States, located in the south-central Oregon. It is the maind feautur of Crater Lake National Park. Internationally famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. After some research I could conclude that this feature has no impact in humans lives , also humans can not affect Crater lake because...
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...Tailings on our wildlife Tailings ponds have a detrimental effect on our wildlife. An article written by Andrew Nikiforuk determined that tailings ponds contain over 187 billion gallons of sludge that contain arsenic, mercury and fish-killing naphthenic acids that have led to increasingly high numbers of deaths throughout our growing ecosystem. They are engineered structures made of dam systems that are set up as containers for all the residual oil that is left over after oil sands have been processed into bitumen. Tailings are situated in the main three oil sands deposits; the Athabasca oil sands, Cold Lake oil sands and the Peace River oil sands. By 2009 it was said that tailings continuously keep increasing in size, and by the end...
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...A con of natural selection is if there was to be too much rain. Rain naturally happens but if there is too much rain the creeks or rivers could overflow. This can create more pollution as cars and other man-made objects get washed into the river. A recent example of this is the rivers overflowing because of Hurricane Matthew hitting North Carolina. Another con of natural selection is mud slides. Mud slides are a natural occurrence which can change the water flow patterns and can make the water very murky. If the water is very murky it could affect how the organisms live in the creek. A pro of natural selection could also be rain. If the creek or river bed is drying out due to lack of rain, then the rain would be good to help fill it back up. Another pro of natural selection is the sun. The sun creates energy for plant to grow and that can help the organisms that live in the creek...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Water is perhaps the single most important substance on earth. It forms the basis for life . Organisms, including man, can only survive if there is an adequate supply of water available. Although 98% of the earth’s water is sea water, humans are most concerned with the remaining 2% of fresh water that supports life on earth. In the last several hundred years’ man has increasingly impacted on both the distribution and the quality of fresh water. Peters Bricker Kennedy (1996) Water shortage is not a new problem. Human beings have always been trying to overcome this problem through various methods. They have been using different techniques and strategies. The water shortage has its root cause in different cultural activities of human societies. Different societies had been using their indigenous knowledge system to solve the problem of water shortage (Adams, 2005). In a recent workshop titled ‘framing responses’ organized by Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD). Experts of workshop concluded that Pakistan has done nothing to store water in past forty five years. Experts were also of the opinion that countries in the south Asia are committed to store water but Pakistani authorities are busy in making reports and not translating them into action. (Dawn-2012) Water is an essential resource for conservation of human health, agricultural invention and socio-economic progress in the rural emerging economies that mark much of the worldwide...
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...CONSTRUCTION OF THE THIRD SHIPPING LANE THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL Presented to: R. Hiles PM595 Prepared by: Carlton D. Clyburn Jr. OCTOBER 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Exploration of Risks 4 III. Fault Trees 4 a. Fault Tree: Project Completion Delay 5 b. Fault Tree: Changes in Cost Projections (Overruns) 6 IV. Conclusion 7 V. References 8 Introduction Construction of a third shipping lane through the Panama Canal has begun and it is a collaboration of contractors and manufacturers from around the globe working in unison to exacting concrete and design specifications. The Panama Canal’s third lane expansion involves building enormous new locks that will accommodate the new generation of shipping vessels that are about three times the size of “Panamax” ships constructed to fit precisely in the existing canal’s lock chambers. According to the vessel glossary of the World Trade Ref, the Panamax is defined as: “An ocean-going cargo vessel of the maximum size possible to pass through the locks of the Panama Canal, which are 1000ft long by 110ft wide and 85ft deep. These vessels are typically of 50,000 to 80,000 dwt, 965ft (290m) in length; 106ft. (32.3m) beam; and 39.5ft (12.04m) draft.” The new locks on the Atlantic and Pacific entrances will consist of a trio of chambers measuring 1400ft (427m) long, 180ft (55m) wide, and 59ft (18m) deep. When completed...
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...Taming the Dragon The Paradox of The Three Gorges Dam CHE 546 Economics, Environment and Ecology Stuart School of Business, IIT Executive Summary The title of this paper is Taming the Dragon – The Paradox of the Three Gorges Dam. I chose this title because as I researched this topic, I realized that almost everything about the Three Gorges Dam is a paradox, beginning with the reason it was planned, designed and constructed in the first place. The primary paradox of the Three Gorges Dam is that in its quest to make life better for the country and people of China, the dam also made things unbelievably and irrevocably worse on a number of levels. For centuries, China has depended on the Yangtze River. The river travels south from high in the Himalayas and then east toward the Pacific Ocean. The beauty of the pure water from the melting glacier at its source will turn into a ravaging, murderous river that robs people of their homes, food, livelihoods and even their loved ones and their own lives. Another paradox of the Three Gorges Dam is that it is an enormous monument of industrialization. It is more than a way to control water levels, protecting people from uncontrollable storm water. It is a symbol of China’s commitment to its future. Abundant, clean energy. There are those who argue that the resulting damage of the dam project is worse than the damage the river produces when it’s out of control – essentially the cure is worse than the...
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...rCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.[1][2][3] Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,[4] and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.[5] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering,geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering,[4] surveying, and construction engineering.[6] Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies. ------------------------------------------------- History of the civil engineering profession Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practices of Civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing. Until modern times there was...
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...handling modes have been utilized? i.ii. Which mode was most effective/ ineffective? III. Recommendations A. How to bring closure to the conflict 1. Communication 2. Team Work 3. Compromise IV. Reflection A. What I learned from this assignment. B. How I will integrate what I have learned into my daily work routine. V. References Introduction I am a Lock & Dam Operator at Lock & Dam structure in . A Lock & Dam Operator I operate electrically, electronically, and/or hydraulically controlled lock or lock and dam gates, control valves, and other associated equipment required for passage of a variety of private and commercial traffic through the lock structure. Work Environment Our structure is a part of the Operations Department within the of the US Army Corps of Engineers in South This paper will cover some of the workplace conflicts I observe as a Lock & Dam operator within this organization. The US Army Corps of Engineers, an organization which is made up of 8 divisions and numerous districts throughout the United States is a Federal agency and major Army command, which employs around 38,00 civilian and military personnel. New Orleans District, which has...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE CHINA-INDIA-PAKISTAN WATER CRISIS: PROSPECTS FOR INTERSTATE CONFLICT by James F. Brennan September 2008 Thesis Co-Advisors: Alice Lyman Miller Feroz Khan Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2008 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: The China-India-Pakistan Water Crisis: Prospects for 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Interstate Conflict 6. AUTHOR(S) James F. Brennan, Lieutenant, United States Navy 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY...
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...law of England, the solutions that governing bodies have arrived at concerning these shifting boundaries may be rooted along the banks of the Tiberis River of Ancient Rome. Drawing on Roman private property law and continuing through medieval and modern legal practice, common law jurisprudence and legal scholarship developed a distinction between the two processes of accretion and avulsion in order to mediate problems over a shifting river boundaries (2). Although there are references to the issues surrounding the topics contained within this report that date back to ancient civilizations, analysis will begin with English common law. Under English common law, title to all real property vested with the Crown. However, distinction was made between title and control. Control over both land and water was considered a public right, and the Crown granted title of lands to individuals, generally of a certain class. This perceived “public...
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...Agricultural Revolution’ … approximately 1760 and 1820 the farming of this country underwent and equally abrupt and radical change (Grigg, 1967). As humans began to form permanent settlements and gave up traveling in search of food, agriculture was born. The foods we eat, the clothing we wear, the materials we use in our everyday lives is agriculture. The term agriculture refers to a wide variety of things, it is the science, art and occupation of cultivating the soil, producing crops and raining livestock. Agriculture refers to financing, processing, marketing, and distribution of agricultural products, farm production supply and service industries. This new way of providing food and other raw materials developed slowly, but because it made life much easier for many people, it became the preferred way of supplying a basic human need. The people who worked at...
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...Erach Bharucha Drawings – Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research All rights reserved. Distributed by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. 2004. ii Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Preliminary Pages.p65 2 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Vision The importance of Environmental Studies cannot be disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. The degradation of our environment is linked to continuing problems of pollution, loss of forest, solid waste disposal, issues related to economic productivity and national as well as ecological security. The increasing levels of global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and a serious loss of biodiversity have also made everyone aware of growing environmental concerns. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio De Janero in 1992, and the World...
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