...Brics summit “The aim of brics is to convert their growing economic power into greater geopolitical clout” BRICS is the title of an association of leading emerging economies, arising out of the inclusion of South Africa into the BRIC group in 2010. As of 2012, the group's five members are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. With the possible exception of Russia, the BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs. As of 2012, the five BRICS countries represent almost 3 billion people, with a combined nominal GDP of US$13.7 trillion, and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves Presently, India holds the chair of the BRICS group. Due to steady growth in BRICS nations in the recent past their share in global output has grown from 11% in 2005 to 18% in 2010. President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao has described the BRICS countries as defenders and promoters of developing countries and a force for world peace. The BRIC grouping's first formal summit commenced in Yekaterinburg on June 16, 2009, with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,Dmitry Medvedev, Manmohan Singh, and Hu Jintao, the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, all attending. In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of...
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...G-20 Major economies Project by: Sahib Deol Sec. A Sem. 3 DECLARATION I, Sahib Deol, student of BBA 3nd Semester of SCMS (UG) NOIDA, hereby declare that the Project on “ G-20 Major Economies” is for the partial fulfillment of course objectives for the BBA Degree. I assure that this project is the result of my own efforts and all the information and facts furnished in this Project are based on our intensive study. Date: 15/10/2012 Name:Sahib Deol Place: Noida Introduction The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (also known as the G-20, G20, and Group of Twenty) is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 major economies: 19 countries plus the European Union, which is represented by the President of the European Council and by the European Central Bank. The G-20 heads of government or heads of state have also periodically conferred at summits since their initial meeting in 2008. Collectively, the G-20 economies account for more than 80 percent of the gross world product (GWP),00 80 percent of world trade (including EU intra-trade), and two-thirds of the world population. They furthermore account for 84.1 percent and 82.2 percent of the world's economic growth by nominal GDP and GDP (PPP) respectively from the years 2010 to 2016, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The G-20 was proposed by former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin[5] as a forum for...
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...Quazi Tasnim Hasan ID # 112 111 051 Assignment No. 4 What is economic integration? For the Last 65 years, the world has undergone significant changes. The decade of the 1970s was dominated by the two energy crises. Industrial economies were faced with a new “enemy”: stagflation—a combination of high inflation and unemployment. Developing countries were increasingly becoming more dependent on foreign borrowing and centrally planned economies were unable to secure economic growth. Furthermore, the world witnessed a radical transformation during the past two decades. The greatest economic experiment of the twentieth century was the movement from communism to a market economy, which began in Mikhail Gorbachev’s Russia in the mid-1980s, and then spread to Eastern Europe at the beginning of the 1990s and to China later on during the same decade. Although the transition to a free market has led to disappointing outcomes, most Eastern Europe countries have concentrated on integrating their economies with Europe and on becoming part of the EU. All these events led to the world becoming more and more global in nature and to defining globalization as a closer economic integration among nations through increased trade and capital flows. It also refers to labor movement and technology transfer across international borders as well as cultural and political issues, which are beyond the scope of this chapter. Globalization is the result of technological processes occurring mainly in the...
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...The East African Community (EAC) is an intergovernmental organisation composed of five countries in the African Great Lakes region in eastern Africa; Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Jakaya Kikwete, the president of Tanzania, is the EAC's chairman. The organisation was founded originally in 1967, collapsed in 1977, and was revived on 7 July 2000. The East African Community is an international organization whose final aim is to develop a complete integration of its members into an East African Federation. The EAC is an integral part of the African Economic Community. The EAC is a potential precursor to the establishment of the East African Federation, a proposed federation of its members into a single sovereign state. In 2010, the EAC launched its own common market for goods, labour, and capital within the region, with the goal of creating a common currency and eventually a full political federation. The geographical region encompassed by the EAC covers an area of 1,820,664 sq-km with a combined population of about 149,959,317(2013 est.) The drive for the transformation of the East African region, particularly Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, into a functioning entity with rights and duties in International Relations is not new. It dates back to the time when the three East African colonies were still objects of International Law. However, the aspirations for regional cooperation in East Africa acquired individual sovereignty and legitimacy in the post colonial state...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...Introduction The book authored by Giles Bolton, is an eye-opener and a critique of the western approach to lift Africa from poverty. The author addresses - why Africa being resourceful could not lift itself from the poverty? Why is it that it needs the help of the developed countries? How the aid of billions of dollars is misused by the African Government? How the west with its unorganized aid program crippled the nation? Dividing the book into five sections—poverty, aid, trade, globalization, and change—he analyses the issues, with stories about real people in Africa and experiences from his own years in the aid industry. On his first visit to Kenya, to meet a friend, Giles Bolton ends up in deciding that he would start his aid industry career there. He through the incidents and experiences during the visit describes the scenic beauty, backwardness and poverty of the continent. He identifies that the continent needs internal reorganization more than the benevolence of the west. He says Corruption, conflict, and lack of democracy are the three major problems of Africa and poverty is the cause for these. Africa is stuck in the viscous cycle in which poverty induces corruption and vice-verse. He says “This book is written for people who are concerned about Africa but don't understand why it's still so poor. While there is quite a bit of good academic material out there, most of it isn't very accessible and it doesn't answer the direct questions most of us want answered...
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...Organizational development and fundraising professionals, as well as board volunteers, have the opportunity to cross boundaries that divide people in other sectors. Whether we view this opportunity with apprehension or enthusiasm depends on our heritage, experiences, beliefs, and vision. Historically, nonprofit boards have offered limited opportunities to develop diverse leadership. 4 Beyond representation: Building diverse board leadership teams Maria Gitin OVER THE YEARS , dialogue on board diversification has evolved from focus on the importance of representing constituents, to “doing the right thing,” which is characterized by opponents as “political correctness,” to the current widely held view that a nondiverse board is missing key potential donors and opinion leaders. Diverse leaders can expand knowledge, create new resources, and open doors to partnerships necessary to fulfill an organization’s mission. Recommended strategies for board diversification must be understood in the context of the deeply divided society of the United States. Although North American cultural issues are the result of a unique history, most elements of diversity planning will apply in other countries as well. By the year 2015 the nonwhite portion of the U.S. population is expected to increase to 30 percent NEW DIRECTIONS FOR PHILANTHROPIC FUNDRAISING, NO. 34, WINTER 2001 © WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. 77 78 DIVERSITY IN THE FUNDRAISING PROFESSION (Changing Our World, 2001). In...
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...scene during the first decade and over the next twenty years was recognized as a brand-focused agency that acted with integrity. During the 1990’s, Ogilvy & Mather South Africa soared creatively under the leadership of Robyn Putter (1950-2010), who eventually went on to become the global creative head of WPP. Today, Ogilvy & Mather is the leader in the industry, focused on building and transforming brands. For more than 50 years, O&M South Africa has created iconic advertising for clients such as KFC, VW, SAB, BP, DStv and Kraft, and we continue to live by our founders credo of “We sell, or else”.on Portfolio: http://www.ogilvy.co.za/2013/07/audi-audia3exchange-case-study/ Why? I Think the fact that they shave been in the business for so long, and handle major accounts and have won numerous awards time and time again proves to be good at what they do. They are the best leaders in the industry, they have worked with big brands and have the best adverts. Favourite ads: halls: klein Kimmie, VW closer,cudberry diary milk, lunch bar Tumi commercial, castle Ogilvy 2012 Cannes Awards List: * Gold: South African Breweries, Carling Black Label, Be the coach, in Branded Entertainment: Best use or integration of experiential events (CPT) *...
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...shuttle diplomatic effort across the globe especially between 1999 and 2002, this is said to have reintegrated Nigeria into the comity of Nations, where she was previously a pariah. How did his personality affect these efforts? Was his personality added value or reduced value? At the point of his death President Yar’Adua was ECOWAS chairman, previously in 2009 he attended the G20 meeting in Germany, visited President George Bush at the start of his term and other diplomatic engagements. How did his personality affect all these? On the whole how did the respective personality of both leaders affect Nigeria’s Diplomacy within the period under review? And what does the country now enjoy as a legacy of their efforts, specifically the nature of their individual personae and leadership style and what lessons could the country learn from all these. Indeed we shall undertake a comparative analysis of both leaders. We shall as well seek to evaluate what...
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...BRICs should be included in the G7 as their macroeconomic significance increased in the decade to come. From a global investment angle, the world has moved on from there to a wider set of dynamic emerging countries, including a number of fast-growing African nations, as more developing countries find their own way to catch up on growth, resisting world recessionary tendencies (O’Neill 2001 2011). The investor’s world of emerging markets has thus expanded beyond the BRICs, even as questions are raised about the sustainability of growth in the BRICs themselves, with their structural and political challenges and their vulnerability to the uncertainties of global monetary developments. (http://mobile.opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3599#.VemUOn2MgQ0) The grouping was originally known as "BRIC" before the inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs; all five are G-20 members. Since 2010, the BRICS nations have met annually at formal summits. Russia currently holds the chair of the BRICS group, and hosted the group's seventh summit in July 2015. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRIC) Summary The BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) was created in mid-2014 by the governments of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South...
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...History * The early inhabitants * The early colonial period * The British colonial era * The mineral revolution * The Anglo-Boer/South African War (October 1899 – May 1902) and its aftermath * Segregation * Apartheid * The end of apartheid * The First Decade of Freedom * Into the Second Decade of FreedomThe early inhabitantsThe discovery of the skull of a Taung child in 1924; discoveries of hominid fossils at Sterkfontein caves, a world heritage site; and the ground-breaking work done at Blombos Cave in the southern Cape, have all put South Africa at the forefront of palaeontological research into the origins of humanity. Modern humans have lived in the region for over 100 000 years.The latest discovery is a new species of hominid, Australopithecus sediba, almost two million years old. It was discovered in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, 40 kilometres from Johannesburg, South Africa in 2010. The small, mobile bands of Stone-Age hunter- gatherers, who created a wealth of rock art, were the ancestors of the Khoikhoi and San of historical times. The Khoikhoin and San (the "Hottentots" and "Bushmen" of early European terminology), although collectively known as the Khoisan, are often thought of as distinct peoples.The former were those who, some 2 000 years ago, adopted a pastoralist lifestyle herding sheep and, later, cattle. Whereas the hunter-gatherers adapted to local environments and were scattered across the subcontinent, the herders sought out...
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...University of Nigeria Lagos. NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ii CSS 105 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Annex 245 Samuel Adesujo Ademulegun Street Central Business District Opposite Arewa Suites Abuja e-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng URL: www.nou.edu.ng National Open University of Nigeria 2006 First Printed 2006 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by Goshen Print Media Ltd For National Open University of Nigeria iii CSS 105 COURSE GUIDE Contents Introduction......................................................................... Aims................................................................................... Objectives........................................................................... Working through the Course.............................................. Course Materials................................................................ Study Units........................................................................ Textbooks and References.................................................. Assessment.......................................................................... Tutor Marked Assignments (TMA)................................... Final Examination and Grading.......................................... Course Marking Scheme..................................................... Course Overview/Presentation Schedule........................
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...Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology Vol. 5, Issue 3 (2010) The role of South Africa in SADC regional integration: the making or braking of the organization∗ Saurombe Amos University of South Africa Sauroa@unisa.ac.za Abstract. The economic and political strength of South Africa in Southern Africa is undeniable. South Africa is the strongest economy in Southern Africa and in the whole continent of Africa. Regional and global interests lie at the heart of South African’s foreign policy resulting in the need to create compromises that may disadvantage the SADC block. South Africa is the current chair of SADC and its leadership role is critical. The country is also the gateway to foreign direct investment to the developing world. This paper seeks to discuss the critical position which South Africa finds itself in. The challenge to provide leadership at regional and global level has also been compounded by the domestic outcry for a need to deal with issues at home. South Africa holds the key for the success of SADC both at economic and political levels. However SADC’s dependence on South Africa may turn out to be a stumbling block since there is divided attention. This has been shown by South Africa’s ‘go it alone’ approach when it comes to negotiating trade agreements, e.g. with the EU, as well as its unwillingness to compromise on the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) that the other SADC Members States are signing. What is obvious is that SADC needs...
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...THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE NEWS Wednesday, 12 April 2005 Other Environment News • Pollution "problématique" sur le périphérique parisien (Reuters) • La pollution contribuerait à faire grossir (RTL) Environmental News from the UNEP Regions • ROA • ROWA Other UN News • UN Daily News of 12 April 2005 • S.G.’s Spokesman Daily Press Briefing of 12 April 2005 BBC: UN names Earth's green champions The United Nations Environment Programme (Unep) has named seven Champions of the Earth it hopes will inspire wider protection of the planet. The winners include an Inuit activist, South Africa's president, and Bhutan's King Jigme Singye Wangchuk. The head of the Orthodox Christian Church, Patriarch Bartholomew, is cited for preaching that God wants the planet's future safeguarded. The winners will receive trophies sculpted from recycled materials. The presentation will be made at a ceremony in New York next week. Unep hopes the various projects recognised will be imitated around the globe. 'Set the agenda' The seven winners each represented a region of the world. President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa is honoured for his government's commitment to providing clean water and sanitation. The king and people of Bhutan are rewarded for helping preserve more than 70% of its forest cover. Canadian Inuit activist Sheila Watt-Cloutier was recognised for fighting global warming and persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic ecosystem...
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...PERCEPTION OF FEMALE LEADERS TOWARDS THEIR LEADERSHIP POSITONS IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN EKITI STATE BY EVELYN TOLULOPE AKINWALE, B.A, M.A (Communication and Language Arts), University of Ibadan. Mailing Address: c/o Dept. of Media and Communication Language Arts, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti Phone Number: 234-7037617076, 07057880804 E-mail Address: efalyn1@gmail.com I acknowledged that this manuscript has not been previously published nor been under review for publication elsewhere. Signed by me: Evelyn Tolulope Akinwale Apart from my undergraduate and postgraduate research work based on “Impact of Child Trafficking in Nigeria”, this is my first private research work prepared for a journal. PERCEPTION OF FEMALE LEADERS IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN EKITI STATE ABSTRACT To scholars, women in leadership positions have been stereotyped to be unfit and inexperienced to occupy traditional leadership positions unlike their male counterparts. A fundamental challenge to women's leadership arises from the mismatch between the qualities traditionally associated with leaders and those traditionally associated with women in general. Women in leadership positions are not treated equally with men in leadership positions ( Nick, 2007;Sayu, 2012 ). However, this research reveals the perception of Ekiti state female leaders in Higher Institutions on their leadership positions. Through interviews with selected female leaders in three higher institutions...
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