...Leadership Model In the modern business world, leadership is an essential key to long-term business success. One professional who has developed a theory associated with leadership is Douglas McGregor. This theory suggests that two types of leadership exist. These types are called X leadership and Y leadership. Differing academics have researched the X and Y leadership views and determined various levels of validity associated with this theory. To determine the value of this theory, the research and example-based use of this theory presented by others must be reviewed. Similarly, company leaders must review the history of leadership practices and develop methods that have the highest potential for success in the environment associated company-specific operational activities. Douglas McGregor developed his theory of X and Y leadership in the 1960s at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He believed companies can achieve quality leadership through basic employee motivation. The X and Y styles of motivation are opposite one another and in direct contrast. The X style of leadership and employee motivation states employees lack motivation and are lazy in nature. Essentially, individual employees lack motivation and must be supervised by leaders on a continual basis because those employees avoid responsibility whenever possible. This close supervision narrows employee versatility and requires extensive time and guidance by specific leaders. To establish employee motivation, incentives must...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: Institution: Date: Managing into the future Oxford dictionary defines motivation as the desire or willingness to do something or having an enthusiasm to do it. It comes from the word motivate which Webster dictionary defines as to provide something with a motive. Motivation is therefore the act of inspiring or stimulating someone to do something. In his book “Great Motivation Secrets of Great Leaders”, John Baldoni says that motivation is that art of getting somebody do what you want them to do because they want to do it (Baldoni 7). Managers have a duty of motivating their employees so that they can achieve not only the goals of the organization, but also to meet their own personal goals. This is the trend with the modern organizations where the policies implementation boards in these organizations, seek ways to support this aspect (McClelland 467). There are various factors that influence why employees may be motivated. It is these factors that researchers have used to develop what is referred as the motivation theories. For example, in incentive theory, rewards may act as an incentive to motivate an employee. However, the real motivation comes from within and this factor has been used to develop what is commonly referred as the intrinsic theory of motivation. This paper examines differences between content and process theory. In examining these theories, it is important to look first at how they are developed. Process theory focuses sequence of events...
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...Employee Portfolio: Motivation Action Plan MGT/311 June 30, 2013 Abstract Motivation is the process that determines how hard an individual works to achieve a goal. There are several modern theories of motivation that will help managers meet the motivational needs of their employees. Using the most appropriate theory of motivation will ensure that the motivational strategy and action plan selected will be effective and achieve the desired results. Keeping employees motivated will help the organization run smoothly and efficiently. Employee Portfolio: Motivation Action Plan Of the several modern motivational theories that are currently used, three have been selected to create a motivational action plan for the Riordan employees. Each plan is designed to help motivate the individual employee and keep them functioning at their highest level of quality. The motivational theory that has been selected for Jami is the self-determination theory. This theory is based on the belief that people need or want to control their own actions. The motivational action plan follows this theory by giving Jami some decision-making power. The action plan also offers verbal acknowledgment of the work that she performs. These actions will help keep Jami motivated and encourage her to strive for greater success. The motivational theory that best fits with the personality characteristics of Breana is the goal-setting theory. This theory focuses on the belief that by giving an employee...
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...the case and explain why Wise argues that public service motivation is found more in the government than in the private sector Public service cultures are those set-spoken and unseen rules in an institution or an organization. Public sector motivation is the way people respond to this rules whether positively or negatively. There are three forms of public motivation namely rational, norm-based and effective motivation. Rational motivation refers to when an individual wants to serve in advocating for a particular policy or rule that is important to him. Norm-based motivation can be said to be when the public servant is loyal to his duties while effective motivation is the pursuit of a noble course, that is, by heart. In the case of Bernadine Healy, public service culture presents itself inform of rational motivation. It is evidently seen that Healy follows what is of interest to her rather than what her heart tells her. Moreover, as the directors say, “red cross is about what your heart feels not what you think is right” (Sontag, 2001). Wise argues that public service motivation is felt more in the government as compared to the private sector. This is true because in many private sector institutions, there is a kind of dictatorial leadership leaving no room for suggestion. In a government institution, the civil servants are free to make any suggestions and perform their work as they please Discuss if Healy’s motivation for accepting the Red Cross presidency is in line with public...
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...Scientific Management introduced by Frederick Taylor and the Neo classical views of Human Relations Approach. Both schools of thoughts are drafted to identify and increase the potential of an organization. However both are dissimilar in their ways and means they seek to maximize business potential. Taylorism or Scientific Management can be said to be an approach that is circled around improving worker by means of strict management and technical methods. While according to the Human Relations approach narrows its focus on the worker and lays emphasis on a better and stronger worker relationship, recognition and achievement are seen as stimulants for increased productivity Traditionally, the principles of scientific management have had positive effect on the industry and thus have gained considerable support. Grimes in 2006 identified Adams Smith as one of the main contributors of this model in the 18th century. He saw specialization as the, means by which a worker can be made efficient and gave more emphasis on the practice of division of labor, singling out tasks and managing the worker on these tasks. In the 20th century, Frederick Taylor made a big impact in the field of managerial studies, aided by his book Principles of Scientific Management that was published in 1911. In his book, he took steps to popularize the scientific model to a very great extent, consequently this earned him a great deal of respect that he became famous and was crowned the pioneer of scientific management...
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...A Critical Review of ‘Park Resort’ Case Study Relating To Motivations of Employees Performance Introduction Motivation in work place is important since it is one of the key roles play in productivity growth, achieving goals and business objectivity (Stanton 1983; Vempati 2013) as well as a sign of successful organization (Huczynski and Buchanan 2013). When employees are highly motivated, they will put more effort on the job and enhance their productivity and the quality of their performance (Chiang and Jang 2008). This work is aimed to critically review the ‘Park Resorts’ case relating to motivation aspect of employee and the management’s insight. Both hotel employees and the management acknowledge the importance of employee motivation (Chiang and Jang 2008). This case presents critical learning points on what motivates and drives employee of Park Resort from various motivation theory, namely McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Maslow’s Pyramids of Needs and Amabile & Kramer’s inner work theory, and how does the company sees the importance of such motivation for its benefit. ‘Park Resort’ Case In order to know what is happening in his business, Andy Edge – Marketing Director of Park Resorts – going undercover for a 10-day period in 2 resorts of the group. During his stay, he was joining cleaning departments. He found that there was different performance of the cleaning staffs at the two resorts. The staffs in the first resort were not enthusiast, complaining their...
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...work with creators of Google products such as Google Earth, Gmail, and Google News can bring a sense of satisfaction to the job. Google’s intention to create a sense of fun at work and to create a culture of information sharing and collaboration can be identified by its office environment such as an informal dress code, abundant leisure activities and free food at the staff cafeterias. With these small rewards, Google employees feel a sense of belonging to the company and feel that they are creating and contributing to something bigger than themselves. Gone are the days where companies rely solely on the loyalty and lifelong devotion of the employee. This paper will argue that modern day companies need to redesign on how a balanced strategy of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards for each individual employee will better enhance employee motivation, as individuals have their own specific needs, and not be applied as a whole as their focuses may be different. A balance of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards must be applied in order to...
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...Effective Managers The skills required to become an Effective Manager Wayne A. Gould Saint Leo University MBA-525-MBOL2 Professional Development Dr. Bruce Hammond June 17, 2012 Abstract The managerial smorgasbord is riddled with a number of skill sets that could be deemed essential to effective management. The research suggests that the modern manger must be an effective communicator capable of delivering a clear and concise message to its intended recipient free of distortion. In addition, to effective communication, a good manager must be a strong motivator. Motivation demands that an effective manager has the skill to move an employee from point A to point B free of coercion or fear. These skill sets must be aligned within a framework of flexibility which is necessary to address a changing workforce demographics and and an adaptive workforce paradigm which is always shifting. Paper The general consensus is that effective managers must possess a series of skills that are fundamental to managerial successes and depending on applications; these skills will also determine a good manager from a not so successful candidate. The smorgasbord of skills set necessary for a successful manager is not universally agreed upon. For example, many observers of management practices gives heavy weight to technical expertise while detractors of this belief...
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...Organizational theory NEOCLASSICAL AND MODERN THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 I Company background II Human Resource Department 2.1. Recruitment and Placement 2.2. Training and Development 2.3. Compensation 2.4. Employee Relations III Evaluation measurement Conclusion 17 Reference 18 Introduction This assignment is an overview of two important areas of management: Neo-classical and Modern theories. It will provide a general description of each of these management theories together with observations on the environment in which these theories were applied and the successes that they achieved. I NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY (1920s-1950s) The Traditional classical theory and its principles are attacked on the ground that they are contradictory, pay little attention to motivation, and make hasty pronouncements on what should be done without examining time assumptions underlying such pronouncements. As such, these principles do not represent the heart of knowledge of management but a small part of the total body of administrative management. As a reaction to schools of classical theory which over-emphasized the mechanical and physiological characters of management, came up the schools of neoclassical theory with a more human-oriented approach and emphasis on time needs, drives, behaviors and attitudes...
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... | |Frederick W. Taylor’s influence on modern understanding of contemporary management functions and the employer-employee relationship. | |Introduction | | | |Although being one of history’s most criticized management theorists, Frederick W. Taylor has justly earned himself the title as the | |‘father’ of scientific management | |Main techniques including time and motion study, monetary reward, standardization, goal setting and the managers responsibility for | |training are now incorporated into modern businesses and companies, building upon currently accepted understanding of contemporary | |management functions, influencing the preconceived belief that “labour-management conflict was virtually inevitable”, and improving | |employer-employee relationships. | |Although these techniques are still reflect in modern day companies such as Tesco and Toyota, Taylor is still criticized for having an | |over simplified view of human motivation, treating “men as machines” and antiunionism...
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...Moreover, the article sheds light on subjective resistance of paternalism, an issue which hasn’t received much attention in media. The article also discusses certain methods of subjective resistance that were exercised in VaterCorp’s paternalistic workplace. In the end, the author puts forth his views on the causes of resistance at VaterCorp and other companies and whether modern-day paternalism still has beneficial outcomes in terms of employee performance and workplace harmony. Rather than being outdated, the author argues that although paternalism in the workplace still contributes to great benefits in the workplace such as efficiency, success and harmony, examples of intentional or unintentional dissent will always co-exist. And that the potential effects of modern day paternalistic approaches can only be fully understood by studying the causes and modes of resistance. I agree with the methods used at VaterCorp to increase employee motivation and thus efficiency. The founder James Carr was able to turn a stereotypical call centre workplace into an energetic and friendly environment in which motivation and ambition were infused into employees, resulting in greater efficiency whilst dealing with customers. The example of the early years of Wal-Mart can be used to validate this. Sam Walton’s father-like approach in dealing with employees infused the working culture with a sense of direction and familiarity. He, like James Carr, greeted his employees on a first name basis...
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...Organisational Behaviour in Hospitality Industry BY GORICA STANISIC NOVEMBER 20, 2013 Lashley and Morrison (2000) have produced definition of hospitality industry; which they see it as, compromises of commercial organisations that specialise in providing accommodation, food and drink through voluntary exchange, and highlighted that the issue of human exchange is a hart of the hospitality concept. Barrows and Powers (2009) have pointed out that hospitality industry includes hotels and restaurants and other kinds of institutions that offer shelter or food or both of them to people away from their homes. Research conducted by Hayes and Ninemeier (2009) have stated that hospitality industry has often been described as a people business. Hospitality industry is UK’S fifth largest employer and plays vital role in UK industry, employing more than 2.4 million people. Hilton Hotels Corporation is the leading global hospitality company with more than 3,000 hotels in over 74 countries (Hilton Worldwide; 2012). Understanding group behaviour in an organisational environment is a challenge and great managerial tasks. A leading author, Mullins (2007) has pointed out that organisational behaviour is concerned with study of the behaviour of the people within organisation. In his research Singh (2007) argued that organisational behaviour is a way of thinking and it is directly concerned with understanding, prediction, and control of human behaviour and application...
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...MBA 5300 Organizational Behavior Third Assignment: One Page Paper Describing How My Company Motivates Their Employees By: Lori Smith November 8, 2014 There are many methods to create and maintain motivation within any type of organizations. Motivation is key in the retainment of skilled and knowledgeable employees. Today, employers will gain more respect from their employees if they treat them fairly and give them credit where it is earned. The examples depicted in this essay will conclude the requirement for employee motivation. At WellPoint, Inc. (Anthem) they are known for their annual incentive plans, career progression opportunities, benefits, and other internal recognition programs offered by direct managers in order keep their entire organization motivated. First, since Anthem is a for-profit organization, they offer an annual incentive plan – or a “bonus”. This plan is based on a number of important goals that must be met. For instance, there are metrics set by the Executive Leadership Team adding a certain number of new members, personal goals, departmental goals, and process improvements. If the organization meets their goals overall, all associates are eligible for the bonus on an annual basis. However, if you do not meet a personal goal based on your work performance, your bonus may be reduced. For most, this bonus is very lucrative averaging $3,000-100,000 in payout depending on your position with the company. In order to qualify for the...
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...Motivation 1 Motivation Lesette Sanchez MT 302: Organizational Behavior Motivation 2 It is very important that management understands what motivates employees. In order for management to have employees reach the maximum level of work performance, it is very important for management to understand what motivates employees. Due to employees responding in different ways towards their jobs and company practices, motivation is not an easy task for management. Management needs to find out what is causing this employee to produce low levels of work performance, to be able to motivate (Allen, 1998). There are several reasons that can affect an employee’s motivation. These reasons are individual differences, job characteristics, and organizational practices. The individual differences can be personal needs, values, and attitudes, interests and abilities that are being brought to the job. Job characteristic is what determines the limitations and challenges of the position. Organizational practices are company rules, policies from human resources, practices from management and rewards given by the company. Management must figure out how these reasons affect the employee’s work performance (Allen, 1998). Management must also know how to satisfy employee needs. This can also be provided by motivation. This need can be anything that is required, desired, or useful to the employee. In order for management to be able to motivate the employee...
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...goals and stay in today’s competitive marketplace (Times 100, 2012). Motivational strategies can help individuals to improve their work performance by getting motivated by their employer (Fineman, Gabriel & Sims, 2010). Modern business organisations offer lots of rewards for their employee such as bonuses, higher position and paid holidays to get their employees to perform better. Employees work harder and produce quality of work, when there is high level motivation from the organisations (Times 100, 2012). The benefits of motivation is increases the willingness of the employees to work, thus growing efficiency and effectiveness of the business. So managers or the leaders, who are in the organisations, can help their employees by communicating more effectively with their staff and giving them right feedback from their performance to help them to grow within their position. Most of the common types of motivational strategies used in organisations: educating and training employees to learn new skills, actions that raise employee confidence, help employees to grow within the business and recognition events to highlight or positive response to employee’s hard work (Fincham & Rhodes, 2005). However it is argued that some organisations still don’t see motivation as important tool within the organisations (Dick & Ellis, 2006). Hence some organisations do not even to apply into practice. The result of this can lead employees to stress due to lack of support from their managers. ...
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