...in the analysis of employee behaviour is motivation. Motivation is a key element in organizational behavior because employee needs to be motivated in order to exhibit an attitude or behavior that will help achieve the goals and objectives of the organization and thereby improve performance over time. This paper will attempt to examine motivation, its definition, theories and how it improves employee performance as a determinant for achieving organizational performance. MOTIVATION DEFINED Motivation is a psychological feature that arouses an organism to act towards a desired goal and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal-directed behaviors. It can be considered a driving force; a psychological one that compels or reinforces an action toward a desired goal. For example, hunger is a motivation that elicits a desire to eat. Motivation is the purpose or psychological cause of an action (Schater 2011 as cited in Wikipedia). This is the process by which a person wants and chooses to act in a particular way (Maund, 2001:440) as cited in (Opu, 2008 pp. 32). According to (Slocum and Hellriegel 2007), motivation represents the forces acting on or within a person that cause the person to behave in a specific, goal-directed manner. From the above definition, we could infer that because motives of employees affect their productivity, one of management’s jobs is to channel employee motivation effectively toward achieving organizational...
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...Also, there are department managers, customer service associates, and cashiers, which are all usually the hourly employees. Often in retail organizations, the upper managers are considered the leaders in the company. They tend to make sure that all of the employees are punctual and that the employees are finishing their tasks in a timely manner. Sometimes employees are late for work or absent. This usually is the point where management may have to warn or possibly write-up employees who are continuously late or absent. Typically, if an employee is late or absent consistently, they will be terminated by management. I am going to examine and discuss how motivational theories could be applied to absenteeism, while analyzing the role of organizational leadership in absenteeism as well as evaluating the role of power and influence in absenteeism. Motivational Theories There are four general areas of motivational theory: need-based theories, job-based...
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...MOTIVATION PAPER ABSTRACT This paper is about the motivation and how to develop my own theories of motivation and apply those principles to overcome the practical situations, In this paper I had described my work experience, How to apply these motivational theories & how should we act when the situation arises. INTRODUCTION After completing my Bachelors, I have my own proposal of starting up a business but due to lack of experience & full-fledged, I was unable to take a decision right at that time. So, then took a decision to work on and started working for a small firm. My company used to get contracts from MNC's like METSO MINERALS, PUZZOLANA & MADHUCON. Companies work is to erect& fabricate a crushing plant for road projects and hand over it to the client in running condition with one year warranty for that we need to mobilize man power, machinery to the work location and arrange temporary accommodation to workers nearby work location. Now starting with our main work, we need to check the civil foundations weather it is as per drawings before we start to fabricate the structures and after fabricating all the structures we need to erect the structures and install the plant in running condition. In this process I need to manage around 30-40 workers, coordinate them plan according to the availability of raw materials& machines arrange all the consumables for work process so that the work does not get interrupted. Motivation is described as...
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...Organizational Motivation A lack of motivation in the work-place can cause serious problems for an organization. Many problems such as poor performance and undesirable behavior from employees can be linked to a lack of motivation. One problem common in many organizations is absenteeism which is often a result of a lack of motivation. There are numerous theories that can be used to explain the cause of such motivational problems. People are all motivated by different things, which can make it almost impossible for one-size fits all motivational programs to succeed. However, an understanding of motivational theories can assist organizations in developing and implementing a motivational plan to elicit change in the undesirable behaviors. My organization is plagued with excessive absenteeism which can be contributed to a lack of motivation. The organization offers a generous amount of vacation or personal time each year to all employees, as well as ample sick days that can be taken as needed. A problem has arisen within the organization because numerous employees take advantage of these benefits. The organization is structured with a team environment where each employee is designated a particular work load each day. When an employee is absent for the day the other members of their team divide the employee’s work load and add it to their own. This type of structure can be rewarding and build a strong sense of teamwork and group effort. Problems occur when employees schedule...
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...LEADERSHIP, MOTIVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT MOST PRESSING TOPICS IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Organization behavior is the study of behaviors and attitudes of people in an organization. After all human behaviors and attitudes determine effectiveness of any organization. The approach used in studying OB is the system approach. In other words, this approach interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. In this paper we propose to study leadership, motivation and organizational conflict, as among the most pressing issues in organizational behavior. Further, we shall discuss how these issues can be addressed. 1. Critical role of motivation It is critical for managers to understand why and how employees are motivated if they are to make full use of a worker’s capacity to learn and perform. For a manager, motivating employees to learn and perform at their best is a complex and difficult challenge. No two individuals, that is, no two employees including the two who are doing the same job are alike. At any time two different individuals will have two distinct needs and desires. Moreover, what motivates an employee to perform well today may not motivate him the next year, or next week, or even next hour. However, a motivated set of employees represent tremendous...
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...Factors of Motivation & Impact of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment [pic] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “If you take care of your employees, your employees will take care of the organization & its customers over a period of time”. These are the words that have inspired us to conduct the research on the effect of employee motivation on organizational commitment. We shall be failing in our duty, if we do not record our gratitude to all those who have helped us & co-operated with us to pursuit this project. We would like to thank Prof. Kavita Lagate for her excellent sessions on Research Methodology which helped us to understand the various aspects of the subject & the project. Further by giving us an opportunity to carry out this research & present this research report under her guidance has enabled us to understand the concept of making a research report. CONTENTS Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………4 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….5 Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………………………….6 Previous Research…………………………………………………………………………...7 Literature Review…..……………………………………………………………………….9 Research Methodology…………………………………………………………………….22 Data Collection & Analysis…………………………………………………......................25 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..28 Direction for Future Research……………………………………………………………...
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...Motivation and Organizational Culture Paper May 19, 2012 The role of management in the workplace is a significant part of ensuring the quality of service. The management team should try to help the employees to stay clear from negative issues within the workplace. When issues arise that involve negative issues they should be handled in a professional manner at once so that it does not turn in to something much bigger. The manager’s top responsibility is to ensure that the environment within the workplace is safe and neutral. Other responsibilities for the management team would be to resolve problems as they arise, he or she should not show favoritism, promote effective communication, and help to provide a workplace that is mentally safe for all employees. An effective leader will uphold authority and will have a great affect on others. An effective manager would encourage self-confidence within employees, the will to achieve in the task being done, honesty, and integrity. When the management teams focuses on promoting these positive ethics within the workplace the employees seem to come together as a team with the final result being an effective workplace. Ayame Nakamura, a Japanese immigrant works as a project manager for a pharmaceutical company in California. The management style for this pharmaceutical is confrontational, which interferes with Ayame’s cultural background. People from different cultures are subject to a variety of emotions and actions...
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...safe and economic transportation service. Despite making changes to match the operations of the global landscape the organization has struggled to maintain financial viability. This is evident as annually the company records millions of dollars in losses despite being subsidized by the government with limitations across the government sector imposed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The various financial and government limitations imposed on the organization have affected the psychological contract of employees at JUTC. Despite the limitations the general workforce remains committed to their jobs. However, in the interest of the organization the management of JUTC will be required to invest in the organization through use of Organizational Behaviour principles and techniques. These principles will aid management in strategies to be used to re-negotiate the psychological contracts of employees and include other non-financial benefits such as training and development in order...
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...managers that apply leadership theories and motivation theories can create productive employees to reach organizational goals. In the case study “A Question of Motivation” Robbins and Judge (2007) have created two managers for this scenario; Jonathan is the more effective manager who is liked by his employees while Dan is a less effective manager that is not well liked. They also introduce two employees; Stephanie who works for Jonathan she is very happy with her job and has a high respect for Jonathan as her manager. Alex is very unhappy with his job and has no respect for his manager Dan. Our team has chosen to analyze this case study by applying the motivational theories of “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs” and the “Equity Theory of Motivation”; the leadership theories of “The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership” and “The Hershey-Blanchard Life Cycle Theory of Leadership” (Certo & Certo, 2009). Motivation Motivation is very important in understanding employee’s behavior and can influence this behavior to accomplish goals and objectives. Managers need to understand their employee’s needs, roles and perceptions in order to motivate (Certo & Certo, 2009). In the case study by Robbins and Judge (2007), “A Question of Motivation” the two managers (Dan & Jonathan) have two totally different ideas of motivation. The motivation theories that can be applied to this situation are Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and the Equity Theory of Motivation. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow's...
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...In order to have a productive and successful place of business the employees must be happy. Studies show that when employees are motivated and feel valued they are loyal and engaged in the company. Additionally when people feel appreciated at work they are absent less often, perform better, and are more supportive of changes. The personality and managerial skills of management has a big influence on the overall morale of the workplace. Good Managers are essential to the workplace. Not only are managers looked to for guidance they are also, in essence, role models for the employees. People learn how to handle specific situations, present themselves and even communicate from their managers. In most cases, the personalities of individual departments within a company mimic the managerial and personality style of its manager. With that said, the relationship between employees and managers should be professional. It should not however, be so restricted that employees are intimidated or even afraid to speak with their managers. An open line of communication between management and staff is very important. How else will an employee be able to get the help needed to ensure that they are performing their job accurately? “The importance of effective communication for managers cannot be overemphasized for one specific reason: Everything a manager does involves communicating. Ineffective communication skills can lead to a continuous stream of problems for a manager” (Robbins, DeCenzo, & Coulter...
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...Chickenpox Chickenpox is a common childhood skin disease that caused by a viral infection. The virus that is involved is called the varicella zoster virus (www.medicinenet.com). The disease has a worldwide distribution and is reported throughout the year in regions of temperature climate. The peak incidence is generally during the month of March through May lifelong immunity for chickenpox generally fellow the disease. Chickenpox is highly contagious it is easily passed between families and school classmates through airborne particle droplets in exhaled air fluid from the blisters or sores. It can be transmitted indirectly by coming into contact with article of clothing and other item exposed to fresh drainage from open sores. Patients are contagious up to five days (more commonly, one to two days), before and five days after the date that their rash appears. When all of the sores have crusted over they are no longer contagious. Before the rash appears children will get a fever, headache, swollen glands and flu like symptoms. Because chickenpox is so contagious there are treatments that you can do at home to relieve the itchy and discomfort. * For the blisters you can apply cool compress, calamine lotion, lotion containing diphenhydramine (Benadryl) should not be used. * A cool water bath every three hours to four hours, you can also add baking soda to the water to calm itching or you can soak in aveeno oatmeal bath to soothe itching blister. (www.emedicinehealth...
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...better more productive work environment. These changes occasionally produce unwanted results, which were not expected or planned for. By monitoring organizational behavior unwanted or negative results can be minimized so change can be effective within an organization. Organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management are all factors within an organization. Managers should clearly define these terms to create a more efficient and effective work environment. Any company ensures growth and success by establishing strict guidelines and procedures, which include these factors of organizational behavior. Every organization in the world today is putting a lot of efforts, time, and resources in the human management. In order for an organization to be successful, it has to invest substantially into the domain of people skills, and their behavior. Due to stressful working environment, many organizations loose employees due to lack of motivation, stress, lower employee job satisfaction and other contributing factors of behavioral sciences and psychology. All these factors have negative effects on the organization and organizational behavior simultaneously. Many experts are in concord that all these factors create disoriented and unmotivated employees and affect the organizational overall targets and higher dissatisfaction of the employees. Perhaps the single most important technique for motivating the people you supervise is...
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...Abstract Motivation has long been one of management’s most difficult and important duties. Success in this subject is becoming more challenging in organizational trends because business environment changes quickly and becomes more competitive. Researches on employee motivation especially highlight two types of factors: intrinsic and extrinsic. The purpose of this study it is to find out the effectiveness of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on employee motivation, which one is more effective and compare them according to demographic characteristics of employees. Using descriptive survey design, the sample of the study was 41 employees of an electricity delivery company located in the province of Ağrı, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. As a result of the study it is found out that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect employees while they achieve their tasks. Another result is that intrinsic factors are more motivating than extrinsic factors. Introduction In order to be successful or even more successful, today’s both private and public work organizations need to maximize the use of their employees’ skills. Human resource is the most critical resource for any organization in today’s highly competitive business environment. The primary task of any manager is to have an organization that functions effectively. To do so, subordinates must work efficiently and produce results that are beneficial to the organization. It is obvious that motivation is one of the main factors that...
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... Introduction: Motivation is one of the most important managerial and human factor affecting human behavior, performance and attitude. Motivation has called as “the core of management”. For this reason managers attach great importance to motivation in organizational activities. Effective directing of people leads the organization to effectiveness, both at individual and organizational level. Definition of motivation: Motivation is the willingness to exert high level of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual and group need. Motivation is the driving force which help causes us to achieve goals. Robert Dubin defines Motivation as “the complex forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization. Motivation is something that moves the person to action and continues him in the course of action of action already initiated”. Characteristics of Motivation: On the basis of above description, we can find out some characteristics of motivation. The characteristics of motivation are: 1) Motivation is a continuous process. It is not a time bound program or a touch-and-go affair. Human needs are infinite. A soon as one need is satisfied new ones arise. 2) Motivation is a psychological concept. It is based on human needs which generate within an individual. Needs are feelings influence the behavior and activities of the individual and group. 3) Motivation is a psychological concept...
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...Transformational Leadership and Change: How Leaders Influence Their Followers' Motivation Through Organizational Justice Carl Deschamps, researcher, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, and Solvay Brussels SchoolEconomics and Management, Brussels, Belgium; Natalie Rinfret, PhD, CRHA, professor, Ecole nationale d ‘administration publique, Chaire La Capitale en leadership dans le secteur public, Quebec, Canada; Marie Claude Lagace, researcher, Ecole nationale d'administration publique, Chaire La Capitale en leadership dans le secteur public; and Catherine Prive, researcher, CRHA, Alia Conseil Inc., Quebec, Canada E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y In the past decade, the reform of Quebec's healthcare establishments has resulted in a reduction in the number of institutions through mergers and closures. In this report, we investigate the consequences of reform by looking at managers' motiva tions and related mitigating factors. We examine the influence that transformational leaders have on their employees' motivation through organizational justice. Using a survey of 253 healthcare managers, we describe how the positive impact of transfor mational leadership on motivation is fully mediated via different aspects of organiza tional justice. The results indicate that while transformational leaders influence each type of organizational justice, followers' motivation is affected primarily by proce dural and interpersonal justice and little by distributive justice. ...
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