...501 Word Analogy Questions 501 Word Analogy Questions ® N E W YO R K Copyright © 2002 LearningExpress, LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 501 word analogy questions / LearningExpress.—1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 1-57685-422-1 1. English language—Synonyms and antonyms—Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Vocabulary—Problems, exercises, etc. I. LearningExpress (Organization) PE1591 .A24 2002 428.1'076—dc21 2002006843 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 First Edition ISBN 1-57685-422-1 For more information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 55 Broadway 8th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com The LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team is comprised of experts in test preparation, as well as educators and teachers who specialize in language arts and math. LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team Brigit Dermott Freelance Writer English Tutor, New York Cares New York, New York Sandy Gade Project Editor LearningExpress New York, New York Kerry McLean Project Editor Math Tutor Shirley, New York William Recco Middle School Math Teacher, Grade 8 Shoreham/Wading River School District Math Tutor St. James, New York Colleen Schultz Middle School Math Teacher, Grade 8 Vestal Central School District ...
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...literal language are different ways of analyzing the meaning of languages in various traditions. literal language refers to words that do not deviate from their defined meaning. Whereas figurative language refers to words, and groups of words, that exaggerate or alter the usual meanings of the component words. Figurative language may involve analogy to similar concepts or other contexts, and may involve exaggerations. Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, we are using figurative language. The function of literal language is to present word or groups of words to "literally" mean exactly what they intended to be. Using literal language simplify the mean of words for everyone to understand. Figurative language function differently, it allow the use of word or groups of word to them different meaning and give one to think what the writer actually mean which will give one a true or false answer and still be correct. These lead to different figure of speeches which make languages very interesting. 2. Provide an example for each of the following terms and when it might lead to misunderstanding - idiom, analogy, metaphor, simile, cliché, amphiboly, "flame word", hyperbole, euphemism, and colloquialism. The following terms are ways of expressing meaning of language using figurative language. An idiom is an expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning or associative or connotative meaning. Idioms have meaning that cannot be figure out by...
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...more obsolete by the minute, and the fact that they are not being used commonly makes an argument for English scholars of old in comparison to these modern day English teachers. This paper will explore ten words that are not commonly used in today’s conversations or taught in today’s English classes. Figurative language versus literal language Idiom – a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words. An idiom can be confused for a metaphor, if used in certain ways. I watch a lot of sports and one idiom that is commonly in most sports is that a certain player or team is playing with a “chip on their shoulders”. Playing with a chip on your shoulder, means that you are trying to make a statement with your play, it also means that you think that you know a lot. Idioms are used to enhance and make whatever the topic of discussion is more colorful and relatable. Idioms can be misconstrued when they are used in the wrong text. Someone can easily think that playing with a “chip on your shoulders” can mean that a certain player or team is playing with attitude or aggression or in some other type of wrong manner. Analogy – a comparison between two things to show similarity in some respect. An analogy is another way to get a point...
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...Figurative Language versus Literal Language By: Angelle Dent PHI210 Professor Carrie Prettiman January 20, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning and functionalities associated with figurative language versus literal language. Traditionally, figurative language, such as metaphors and idioms, have been considered derivatives from and more complex than ostensibly straightforward language. “A contemporary view is that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations that are used for ordinary, literal language” (Glucksberg, 1975). Figurative language is language that uses words and or expressions with a meaning that is different or a variation from the literal interpretation. Literal language, in comparison, is very direct and straightforward in approach by simply conveying facts. When a writer or author uses literal language, he or she is stating the facts as they are. Figurative language, on the other hand, is very common in poetry and verses and is used in prose and nonfiction writing using creativity and imaginative expression conveyed through personal ideas or opinions. Figurative language is often used as a literary device that many authors use to bring the reader into the actual writing. The language is written in such a way that what is being said or stated is different from the actual literal meaning of the words. Some common types of figurative languages are defined and explained below. Idiom:...
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...are a part of our everyday life; they are ubiquitous. We use them in everyday conversations more often than we may realize. Metaphors are powerful devices; often times we use them subconsciously, but they still manage to deliver the same validity. The aim of this paper is to bring the metaphors in our everyday life to light, by showing their explicit and implicit use in different areas of our daily life. Metaphors go beyond literature and transcend to other realms such as storytelling, spoken art, government, and advertisement. Before examining the everyday life of a metaphor, it is important to present its meaning and history to best explain how it became such an important part of our speech. Aristotle was the first to provide a scholarly treatment of metaphors and gives a detailed definition of the term ‘metaphor.’ He reports that a metaphor ”consists in giving the thing a name that belongs to something else; the transference being either from genius to specie, or from species to genus, or from species to species, or on the ground analogy.” (Poetics, 1954 ed., Ch 20). In the 20th Century, the term “metaphor” has expanded its scope and it has often been used as a shorthand term to describe any similarity or analogy. As discourse has become...
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...to native English speakers. Throughout this paper I will define and give examples for ten different types of figurative language while providing appropriate usage. These types of figurative language include idiom, analogy, metaphor, simile, cliché, amphiboly, fame word, hyperbole, euphemism, and lastly colloquialism. Idiom Idioms are words or phrases that mean something different from what they are literally saying. For example “to burn the candle at both ends” means to exhaust yourself by doing too much ("Language Arts," 2010). At first it might not make much since. After thinking about it you may realize if you lit a candle at both ends it would actually burn out two times faster than just being lit on one side. An appropriate circumstance for using this example would be if you had a friend that worked two jobs and went to school full-time. You could say “wow you really are burning the candle at both ends”. Again you are stating how your friend is over working themselves and how they could burn out just like the candle. Analogy An analogy compares certain similarities between things which are usually unalike. For example “a street light is like a star”. They both only function when it is dark out, they both are always in a predictable location, and they both provide a light source ("Language Arts," 2010). One of the appropriate times to use an analogy is when you’re in a disagreement with a friend. You can use the analogy to relate two things or show a comparison that...
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...a basic and absolute way. If something is done literally, a person follows instructions ‘to the letter’, without flexibility or imagination (Oxford Reference, 2003). In this paper several figurative language expressions will be defined and discussed by providing examples for each term, appropriate circumstances for using the expressions and when it might lead to misunderstanding. An idiom is an expression established in the usage of a language that is peculiar to itself either in grammatical construction (as no, it wasn’t me) or in having a meaning that cannot be derived as a whole from the conjoined meanings of its elements (as Monday week for “the Monday a week after next Monday”; many a for “many taken distributively”; had better for “might better”; how are you? for “what is the state of your health or feelings?”) (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, 2002) Also an idiom doesn’t mean what its individual words mean. In Italian, “In the mouth of the wolf” is an idiom, it means “Good luck”, and “kick the bucket” in English has nothing to do with buckets (Language, 2009). An idiom could be employed by the user to make the conversation or writing less formal. However, unfamiliarity with the expression could create a misunderstanding of the meaning of the expression and it could be taken literally. An analogy is a figure of speech embodying an extended or elaborate comparison between two things or...
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...Chapter 9 (Writing Today, pp. 171–196) 1. What is the purpose of a commentary? * The purpose of a commentary is to express opinions on current issues and events. 2. What is the basic organizational pattern of the commentary? * Basic Organization of a commentary is Introduction, Explain the current event or issue, Support for your argument *3, Clarification of your argument, and your conclusion. 3. What are strategies for inventing the content of your commentary? * For inventing the content of your commentary you need a good and recent event/ topic. You want to watch the news, and research the event to find out what people are talking about. 4. Which sources do you consult to gain information about what others know? * The sources you consult to gain information about what others know are, Online sources, Print sources, and Empirical sources. 5. What are strategies for organizing and drafting your commentary? * The Introduction – State your purpose and state your main point/ thesis statement * Explain the Current Event or Issue- Give enough background information to help readers understand the event or issue. Also show your readers that you understand the conversation. * Support Your Position- Each reason for your argument should support the main point or thesis, you stated in the introduction. Your support needs to steadily build up your argument for your side of the issue. * Clarify Your Position – Show your...
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...writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning, speech or writing employing figures of speech" (Dictionary.com 21st Century Lexicon, 2013). In this paper we will discuss the different types of figurative languages, their meanings, their function and examples of each. An idiom "is a group of words whose meaning is different from the ordinary meaning of the words, an example would be Put a lid on it" (Oraclethinkquest, unk). This translation does not mean to literally put a lid on Tupperware, or on a bottle again it is a figurative language which means you want someone to be quiet. Maybe you are in church and the person next won’t stop trying to have a sidebar conversation with you while a sermon is being given. You can always say shhh, or can say something with more emphasis such as put a lid on it so that person gets the idea. However, you must know your audience when speaking to children using an idiom you might have to explain the meaning to them. They may not understand what you mean. You use an idiom to express your point with more emphasis to a person without being rude. An analogy “is a comparison between two things that are usually thought to be different from each other, but have some similarities” (VocabularySpellingCity, unk). Analogies are something we learn about in school during our Language Arts lesson and are a part of...
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...501 CHALLENGING LOGIC AND REASONING PROBLEMS 501 CHALLENGING LOGIC AND REASONING PROBLEMS 2nd Edition ® NEW YORK Copyright © 2005 LearningExpress, LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 501 challenging logic & reasoning problems. p. cm.—(LearningExpress skill builders practice) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-57685-534-1 1. Logic—Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Reasoning—Problems, exercises, etc. 3. Critical thinking—Problems, exercises, etc. I. LearningExpress (Organization) II. Title: 501 challenging logic and reasoning problems. III. Series. BC108.A15 2006 160'.76—dc22 2005057953 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Second Edition ISBN 1-57685-534-1 For information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 55 Broadway 8th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com Contents INTRODUCTION QUESTIONS ANSWERS vii 1 99 v Introduction his book—which can be used alone, with other logic and reasoning texts of your choice, or in combination with LearningExpress’s Reasoning Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day—will give you practice dealing with the types of multiple-choice questions that appear on standardized tests assessing logic, reasoning, judgment, and critical thinking. It is designed to be used by individuals working on their...
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...Current Events in Business Research RES/351 Current Events in Business Research Introduction: This paper will describe the business research process of an article that I have chosen that is close to the area of management within a business that I will be using. I have chosen the article “Optimal spares and preventive maintenance frequencies for constrained industrial systems” P. Lynch 2013, to assess the research process used. Also, I will be discussing how the research is solving the problem. Finally I will identify other potential applications using business research. The research Problem: This case study is about the spare parts for maintenance, and it tries to give an explanation thru research for how a genetic algorithm can be made to make a model of what types of spare parts you will need with an accurate inventory. I find this article very interesting because this is one my problems at work that I’m trying to tackle. And giving an analogical approach to resolve my issue could be useful. This will be a great chance to practice my new skills in research. The Research Process Used: The research used a problem definition to clearly examine the problems that the research will help avoid or correct. The research has an outlined proposal has to how the problem could be resolved by using the genetic algorithm. I feel that the research was performed with high ethical standards to achieve the final results. The limitations are clearly defined with the setup...
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...7 What do Internet metaphors reveal about the perception of the Internet? 1 Denis L. Jamet, University of Lyon (Jean Moulin – Lyon 3) (denis.jamet@univ-lyon3.fr) Abstract The objective of this article is to throw light on what Internet metaphors – i.e. the metaphors used every day by English and French native speakers – reveal about their perception of the Internet. Within the framework of cognitive linguists such as Lakoff & Johnson, Sweetser, Turner, etc., I will analyze Internet metaphors to bring out the conceptual metaphors generating the various Internet metaphors, in English and in French. The main aim of this paper is to examine Internet linguistic metaphors a.k.a. Internet metaphorical expressions used to conceptualize the Internet, and try and see what conceptual metaphor(s) structure(s) the everyday metaphors we use to refer to the Internet, as well as the changing perception we have of it. Dieser Artikel untersucht Metaphern, mit denen die Technologie des Internet durch englische und französische Muttersprachler konzeptualisiert wird. Theoretischer Ausgangspunkt ist die kognitive Metapherntheorie, die von Lakoff & Johnson entwickelt sowie von Sweetser und Turner weiterentwickelt wurde. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, die unterschiedlichen sprachlichen und konzeptuellen Metaphern aufzudecken und zu analysieren sowie Überlegungen dahingehend anzustellen, inwiefern ein konzeptuell metaphorischer Wandel im Zusammenhang mit einem Wahrnehmungswandel...
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...their meaning, definitions, examples and appropriate circumstances in which to use them. 1. Describe the meaning and function of each term. 1. Idiom is a language, dialect or speaking style peculiar to a people. 2. Analogy is a similarity between two like subjects on which a comparison can be based. 3. Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to which is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance. 4. Simile is a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicably compared. 5. Cliché is a sentence or phrase usually expressing a popular or common thought or idea which has lost its originality, ingenuity, and impact by long overuse. 6. Amphiboly is ambiguity of speech, especially from uncertainty of the grammatical construction rather than the meaning of the word. 7. "Flame word" is a word used or tone used to insult someone. 8. Hyperbole is a figure of speech not intended to be taken literally. 9. Euphemism is the substitution of a mild, indirect or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh or blunt. 10. Colloquialism is a style or usage in a conversation (dictionaryreference.com, 2012). 2. Provide an example for each term. 1. Idiom - He went to the house on that play. 2. Analogy - He maybe a man but he is behaving like a two year old. 3. Metaphor - Cat eye can describe how one has excellent eyesight. 4. Simile - He is as hard as a rock. 5. Cliché - Haste makes waste. 6....
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...Sylvia Plath’s Mirror: A Reflection Misty Williams ENG125 Introduction to Literature Instructor Stephen Rogers July 22, 2013 I was drawn to Sylvia Plath’s poem Mirror because of her use of figurative language. I am also drawn to her dark style of writing. Personification, symbolism and metaphors used were key elements in attracting my attention. The personification of the mirror gives the point of view of an impartial bystander observing a woman as she struggles with her changing image and self-esteem. The simile is used to show a woman who is unable to accept who she really is. The use of metaphor explains how something as small as a mirror can have much control over how we view ourselves. Personification occurs when inanimate objects, animals or ideas are assigned human characteristics. In the first four lines the mirror is given human traits with the use of the word “I”, “Whatever I see, I swallow…” gives the ability to see and swallow, and “I am not cruel, only truthful” gives the mirror a sense of truth and honesty. (As cited by Clugston, 2010, 12.2) The use of personification brings into effect past, present and future. This different perspective allowed me to “see” what the mirror sees and not get involved in the emotions of the woman and how she views herself. The mirror and reflection are metaphors representing the exact truth. The mirror is "unmisted" by prejudice human "preconceptions" and reveals "only" the "truthful" viewpoints...
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...Idioms Idioms are those terms in the figurative language in which the words, phrases and expressions are either grammatically unique or have meaning that can be literally understood by the individual. For example, an idiom: ‘after John had broken the window, he decided to face the music and tell his mother. ‘ Meaning: to accept the unpleasant consequences of one's actions With the help of an idiom, it becomes very easy for a person to narrate their native-language but if the person is using the language of other culture, sometimes it becomes an entirely unapproachable thing. Analogy If in the figurative language in order to highlight some point of similarity, the author does comparison between two different things. This style of speech is known as analogy. They are used to give a brief and to the point-developed form of the topic. An analogy: Puppy: Dog: Kitten: Cat Meaning: It means a puppy is a small do likewise kitten is a small cat. Metaphor Metaphor is referred as figure of speech which has any phrase or words applied to an object which is not literally...
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