...Summary The common-sense model of self-regulation of health and illness was developed in the 1980s by Howard Leventhal and his colleagues (Diefenbach & Leventhal, 1996). It was based on Leventhal’s research from the prior decade that studied the effect of fear in relation to health related behaviors. The theory has various titles such as the, Self Regulation Theory, Common Sense Model of Illness Representation or Leventhal’s Theory (Hale et al, 2007). For ease of communication it will be referred to as the Common Sense Model (CSM). It’s primary goal and function is to explain how a person processes an illness threat. The CSM is centered on the individual and his or her idea of health and illness. It works under the premise that the individual is “an active problem solver.” CSM also theories an individual’s representation of the illness will be the primary cause of their actions and behavior and the process of illness representation will lead the individual to make common sense health behaviors. (Diefenbach & Leventhal, 1996). Self-regulation is the processing of information by a patient regarding their health and the actions that an individual takes to return to a normal state of health. A stimuli such as a symptom of an illness or a diagnosis starts a three-phase feedback cycle of self-regulation. First, the individual constructs a cognitive “representation” of the illness. Secondly, the individual acts and “copes” with the illness. In the third stage, the...
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...In the text “Common Sense”, Thomas Paine makes the argument that a government has one main purpose and that is to reduce or remove evil from society. He continues to explain that a government exists mainly to prevent evil or corruption from taking over and basically upholding happiness and peace. Paine also differentiates between society and government, because he believes that people commonly mistake them for the same thing. He opens up the first chapter saying “Society is produced by our wants, and government by our wickedness…” (Paine, 15). He says this because he wants people to understand what he believes is the true function of our government is. In his eyes, society is what promotes successfully living out our passions and desires, while...
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...A wise man once said “A long habit of not thinking a thing wrong, gives it a superficial appearance of being right, and raises at first a formidable outcry in defense of custom. But the tumult soon subsides. Time makes more converts than reason.” This saying is used in present day in all sorts of circumstances, but one does not usually know where this saying originated. January 1776, Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet as what is known as “Common Sense”. Paine’s intent on writing on “Common Sense” was to address that the British didn’t deserve the loyalty that it was receiving from the colonies, and he went on to explain in depth why he thought such. “Common Sense” is said to be a very important force in sparking the American Revolution. Prior to the American Revolution, the idea of revolution within the thirteen colonies was distributed. There were those who supported the revolution, those who were against it, and those who were indifferent. Paine thought out “Common Sense” and was thoroughly written and expressed. Paine was able to sway the colonists to agree...
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...time conflict between American citizens and England’s monarchy rule, which puts the question on the people whether or not to succeed from the union in 1776. Thomas Paine in his persuasive pamphlet Common Sense distinguishes strong differences and provides insight to a better America which helps and his effectiveness of bringing colonists towards more ideas and actions of independence. For starters, Thomas Paine shows the American people the large and striking contrasts that are between the general population and monarchies to help his argument. To illustrate, he first shows the separation of people from when he states how there is “the distinction of men into KINGS and SUBJECTS” (Paine 9). Many of the American citizens...
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...In Common Sense, Thomas Paine has two main arguments: American independence, and to create a democratic republic. Paine starts off talking about government and society. According to him, society is everything constructive and good that people come together to accomplish. On the other hand, government is a group of people whose purpose is to protect us from our own weaknesses as a society. Paine says that the governments purpose is to protect life, liberty and property, and that a government should be judged by how they accomplish this goal. Paine then starts talking about a small group of people being put on an island and cut off from everything else. Over time these people will become close to each other, and law making becomes a must. He says that people are much happier if they are the ones that originally came up with the laws and that makes a lot of sense to me. I mean who wouldn’t want to make their own rules? Paine then starts to talk about and attack the British government. He says that their system is too complex and that the monarchy...
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...familiar. Common Sense by Thomas Paine was written during a time of friction between America and Great Britain – the Revolutionary War. He described the problems of a monarchical government, as well as suggestions for how the new government of the United States of America should be run, in light of the criticisms of the government of Great Britain. In Common Sense, Thomas Paine supported an elected government over hereditary succession due to the lack of guarantee of the success of the nation’s leaders, the diminished right of the people to choose their leader or have a political voice and perpetuated ignorance of the issues of the common people. The practice of hereditary succession is an element of a monarchical government. This practice can pose a problem because this puts all authority in one person – the monarch. The nobles are also “elected” due to lineage. However, when a person...
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...with certain instructions. This was done in the first few pages. Not having done this in the beginning would have certainly created confusion as these symbols pertain to the manual and not the phone itself. The author also makes great use of illustrations along with descriptions which he strategically places alongside of the illustration which allows the reader for a “one glance” assessment of the graphic. This combined with the fine detail of the illustration undoubtedly helps the reader learn the feature’s location on the device much quicker. Also noticeable are the notes the author adds to help the user make better use of the device. These notes go above and beyond the formal explanation of how to use the device. It uses common sense approach and attempts to...
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...Inferences without intentions By naming the piece Common Sense, there has to be an inference made between the reader and the ideas presented by Thomas Paine without really trying. Paine brings in at the start that he is only trying to re-present ideas that should be inherently known by those under any government or royal rule. By using logos and rhetoric strategies to ensure that his point is processed from leaders to the lower classes that may not have any education to begin with. He establishes his conclusion and main point throughout in plain and simple terms and devices; that to go back to Britain or allow England to completely oppress us once more would be idiotic and would lack, very ironic, common sense. The most basic undertaking from...
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...The American Revolution is most commonly believed to have been won by war. However, a war amongst the American people had to be won before action against their oppressors would ever take place; a war of intellect. The cause of the American Revolution was saved through acts of writing much like “Common Sense”, by Thomas Paine. His words and opinions of America’s future weighed heavily on the minds of its citizens. The power of writing was fully expressed through his various rhetorical strategies. It was through his rhetoric that he was able to fully express his belief in America, and furthermore, the development of a republic for post revolutionary America. It became his goal to share his vision with others. Paine’s rhetorical strategies worked...
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...We will be reviewing the plank regarding the Common Sense Legal Reform Act (Feb. 28, 1995) under a model 1 viewpoint. This plank provides “‘Loser pays’ laws, reasonable limits on punitive damages and reform of product liability laws to stem the endless tide of litigation.” From the prospective of an individual from a protective democracy, it may be thought that any governmental policy is automatically in violation of model 1 values, which supports small government and a society of individuals, looking out for only themselves. However, because this policy allows for individuals to further enjoy their rights to maximize their utilities, a model 1 society supports the implication of this Act. Our goal is to allow full freedom to our citizens to...
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...Benjamin Spock When and where was s/he born, and if applicable, when did they die? * Born as Benjamin McLane Spock on May 2nd, 1903 in New Haven, Connecticut from wealthy family, oldest of six children. * Died March 15, 1998 at his rented home in La Jolla, California, just 6 weeks after his 95th birthday. What were some of his/her major accomplishments/experiments? * Benjamin Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis. * His books on parenting, including The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care which was first published in 1946, has been published in 39 different languages and sold over 50 million copies influenced generations of parents. * Attended Yale University to study literature and history, also active in athletics and became part of the Olympic rowing crew and won a gold medal at the 1924 games in Paris. * Received his medical degree in 1929 from Columbian University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons. * Later trained at the New York Psychoanalytic Institute for six years. * Practiced pediatrics in New York while teaching the subject at the Cornell University Medical College from 1933 to 1947. * In 1962, Benjamin Spock joined The Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. * Protested against the Vietnam war with Martin Luther King in 1967. * In 1968, Spock signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. What theories did s/he deduce...
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...Abstract Page This study looks at the work of Common Sense Media and an evaluation given to a numerous amount of teachers gathering information about what technology has done for students’ ability to learn. This research draws upon teachers of multiple states, ages, and grades. This case example shows how technology has negatively affected the cognitive function of students’ minds while involved at school.Has technology ruined our ability to communicate on a personal level? Sociology 111 Term Paper Taylor Sandusky December 9, 2015 INTRODUCTION Technology plays a large role in our communication skills. Almost everyone has observed someone tapping away at their cell phone on their way into the store, someone poking at computer keys in the corner of a coffee shop, or even the one student in class not paying any attention to the lesson and instead focusing on the Candy Crush game application running on his iPad. Today’s society is...
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...PSYB4 Past Paper Questions Listed below are all of the available past paper questions for the Debates section of your PSYB4 examination. The specimen paper below is representative of what your actual paper will look like (2 x 4 mark questions and 1 x 12 mark essay question. Older papers (June 2006-June 2009) used to have Psychology and Science as a separate section so there are a lot of past paper questions on this particular debate. Now they are combined and you would be asked a mixture of questions from across different debates. Print off the copy of this document without the answers and use this to mark them and give yourselves targets for improvement. Specimen Paper Outline what is meant by hypothesis testing and explain the role of hypothesis testing in scientific research. (4 marks) [AO3 = 4] Up to 2 marks for definition/outline of what is meant by hypothesis testing, eg a hypothesis is a testable, predictive statement/proposition specifying the relationships between events or variables. Two further marks for explanation of the role of hypothesis testing in research, eg theories need to be tested by empirical studies, hypothesis testing allows researchers to refute or support a theory, the degree of support determines confidence in a theory. Credit references to the null hypothesis and falsification of a theory 0 8 Explain what is meant by the nature-nurture debate in psychology. (4 marks) [AOl = 2, AO2 = 2] AOl One mark for outlining the term nature;...
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...Intellectual Background and Social Context: In the recent years the EU has increasingly been studied as a particular kind of international actor with a focus on the ways in which its international policies are made and pursued. Such scholarly endeavors reflect both empirical importance and analytical challenge regarding the EU’s status as a global actor. Empirically, the EU carries importance in global economy, international diplomacy, soft security, and broader world order. Analytically, it poses major challenge by virtue of its status as a something more than an intergovernmental organization but less than a fully-fledged European state. Therefore a tendency has prevailed that the EU’s external behavior can be understood through a combination of understanding the EU’s sui generis qualities, and a reliance on the tools of comparative politics. Consequently, the subject of international relations of the European Union’ is a neglected one. This volume/book widens the perspective from ‘the EU as a global actor’ to ‘international relations and the EU’. This focus does not rule out consideration of the EU’s credentials as an international/global actor, rather it connects this issue to the broader study of IR and of international policy-making. Thus ‘International Relations and the European Union’ is about both the place of Europe in the world and the way the world contributes to the shaping of Europe. At the same time, it is about the place, actual and appropriate, of the EU in the...
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...What is an emotion? William James and Jean-Paul Sartre present two different arguments regarding what constitutes an emotion. This paper will explore William James’ analysis of emotion as set out in his 1884 essay . It will attempt to discover the main points of his view, and then present Sartre’s rebuttal of this view taken from his essay on emotions . Concluding with an explanation regarding why Sartre’s account is flawed and James’s argument is the stronger of the two, it will use outside examples to demonstrate the various weaknesses and strengths within the two perspectives. William James analysis of emotion revolves around his theory that an emotion is nothing more than the senses and feelings we experience in our bodies that come about after we perceive something. He says that “ … the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion”. He gives several premises to back up this theory. First of all, that if you were to take away the bodily changes and senses that we associate with an emotion that you would have nothing left of the emotion. He refers to the state of fear and how there would be no emotion left, if the feelings of “… quickened heart-beats nor of shallow breathing…” were taken away. It would simple be a state of being, as opposed to an emotional state. Presenting an emotion with out the bodily changes that are associated with it is, as James states, is “… inconceivable...
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