...Introduction: Since a significant shift in the industrial design of our country, education has become one of the key determining factors in determining economic success. As the country has merged into a global economy the competition for work and the training or skills required to perform certain duties has made higher education a necessary professional step. While, there are popular stories of self-made individuals or entrepreneurs navigating their own paths of success, it does not significantly counter the commonly held, and just, belief that college is the trusted path of reaching a level of prosperity. Along those lines, a recent report from the US Census Bureau stated that ”a college master's degree is worth $1.3 million more in lifetime earnings than a high school diploma.” More so, in a similar report entitled”The Big Payoff: Educational Attainment and Synthetic Estimates of Work-Life Earnings,” the authors, using Census data, state that ” over an adult's working life, high school graduates can expect, on average, to earn $1.2 million; those with a bachelor's degree, $2.1 million; and people with a master's degree, $2.5 million.” These messages of earnings and potential earnings have seemingly become a modern day “Just Say No” campaign for students (“Just Say No” representing the popular slogan for drug free education introduced to elementary and middle school aged children). More so, that message has succeeded in immersing into broader societal held beliefs. However...
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...Introduction The audit expectation gap has been in existence for decades; it was first introduced during the early 1970’s. Collective evidence has gradually shown the existence of the expectation gap. Researchers, Salehi, Ali, Kandasamy, Ojo, Epstein, Geiger, Pierce, Kilcommins, Humphrey, Adeyemi, Uadiale, Monroe, Woodcliff, Jennings, Porter, Sikka, Hassas-Yeganeh , Khaleghi, Dixon, Woodhead, Frank, Lowe, and Smith, have continued to investigate the existence of the expectation gap and its complications. The audit expectation gap exists when the public user and auditors have different beliefs about what an auditor’s responsibility should be. In the past few years, auditors have been unwillingly placed in the spotlight. The expectation gap has affected and deteriorated accountants’ credibility. The reason to this is that public users have expectations from auditors, for example, Salehi says, “the primary responsibility of an auditor is to verify whether the financial statements exhibit a true and fair view of state of affair of the business and their secondary responsibility is the prevention and detection of errors and frauds” (Salehi 2008, p. 65). These expectations by the public users increase the legal liability and credibility facing the audit profession (Ojo, 2006), and lastly, it lowers their earning potrantion and reputation associated with the work of auditors (Lee, Ali & Kandasamy 2008). Yet, the profession have been trying to decrease the disparity (Epstein and...
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...Alcoholism-Nature Or Nurture? Alcoholism can affect anyone. It has enormous costs as it pertains to societies, families, and individuals. It is not prejudicial towards any race, color, sex, religion, or economic level. Although we do have ideas as to what alcoholism is, what we do not know is the exact cause(s) of this problem. Researchers are continually seeking answers to the long-standing nature versus nurture debate. Different views are split between a biological paradigm and a psychological paradigm. No one explanation seems to be better than another is. I will present views of the effects alcoholism has on society and an insight to the factors that serve to fuel the nature or nurture debate concerning alcohol abuse and alcoholism. STATISTICS: The abuse of alcohol alone is estimated at $144.1 billion dollars annually. Every man, woman and child in America pays nearly $1,000 a year to cover the costs of unnecessary health care, auto accidents, crime and loss of productivity resulting from alcohol abuse. Alcohol deaths account for approximately five percent of all deaths occurring in the United States. Alcohol is considered to be one of the most widely used drugs as it attacks the central nervous system. Two-thirds of all adults drink alcohol; one-third of those are under the age of eighteen. The term alcoholic is commonly used to refer to a person who is severely dependent on alcohol as a result of their drinking pattern. Not everyone with an alcohol problem becomes an...
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...Dr. Carl M. Rebman Jr. 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110 Tele: 619.260.4135 Fax: 619.260.4891 carlr@sandiego.edu MEMORANDUM To: Mr. Milligan From: Carl M. Rebman, Jr., Associate Professor Date: DATE Subject: Response to questions ------------------------------------------------- Mr. Milligan the following are the answers to the questions that you requested from our firm. Question One Which items have markups less than 30%? Item No. | Description | Gross Margin Ratio | Markup Percentage | Inventory Turnover | Days In Inventory | A00750 | 6' x 6' Cedar Garden Hut | 7.45% | 8.04% | 2.85 | 128.03 | A00810 | 6' x 20’ Covered Bridge | 10.78% | 12.08% | 1.79 | 204.40 | A01130 | Miniature Folding Trellis | 12.52% | 14.31% | 5.00 | 73.00 | A00620 | 12' Cedar Octagon Gazebo | 13.61% | 15.76% | 2.60 | 140.38 | A01140 | Milligan’s Superior Trellis | 15.00% | 17.65% | 7.00 | 52.14 | A00730 | 6' x 10' Cedar Garden Hut | 15.93% | 18.94% | 2.19 | 166.86 | A00610 | 10' Octagon Cedar Gazebo | 16.67% | 20.00% | 2.03 | 179.97 | A01100 | Monroe Wooden Trellis | 20.00% | 25.00% | 2.50 | 146.00 | A00210 | 8' x 10' Aluminum Barn | 20.00% | 25.00% | 2.69 | 135.52 | A00310 | 12' x 8' Double Door Aluminum Shed | 20.00% | 25.00% | 3.78 | 96.69 | Question Two In terms of annual sales, which item has the LOWEST annual sales? Item No. | Description | Annual Sales | A01130 | Miniature Folding Trellis | $5,487.00 | Question Three In terms of annual sales, what were Mr. Milligan’s...
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...BUSINESS & ACCOUNTING Towards Reducing the Audit Expectation Gap Possible Mission? Teck Heang Lee, Dr. Azham Md. Ali & Shamini Kandasamy 18 ACCOUNTANTS TODAY • February 2008 Towards Reducing the Audit Expectation Gap: Possible Mission? The auditing profession believes that the increase in litigation and criticism against auditors may be due to the audit expectation gap. The audit expectation gap is defined as the difference between what the public expects from an audit and what the audit profession accepts the audit objective to be. The audit expectation gap is critical to the auditing profession because the greater the unfulfilled expectations of the public, the lower the credibility, earning potential and prestige associated with the work of auditors. The objective of this paper is to review and evaluate some of the possible solutions that can be taken to narrow the gap. The study found the proposed solutions in the literature are unlikely to be implemented in view of the practical issues identified. Hence, the proposed solutions are only likely to be effective on theoretical grounds. It is hoped that this paper will provide some insights into proposed solutions which will enable the audit expectation gap to be reduced in a comprehensive and effective manner. E xternal auditing plays an important role in contributing to the effectiveness and efficient functioning of business operations, the capital markets, and the economy by adding...
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...International Journal on Social Science Economics & Art Conceptual Paper: Factors Affecting the Demand of Smartphone among Young Adult. Mei Min, Chow1, Ling Hong, Chen2, Jian Ai, Yeow3, Pei Wah, Wong4 1,2,3 Faculty of Business & Law, Multimedia University (MMU), 75450, Bukit Beruang, Melaka, Malaysia. E-mail: mmchow@mmu.edu.my; lchen.hong@gmail.com; jayeow@mmu.edu.my 4 Centre for Diploma Programmes, Multimedia University (MMU), 75450, Bukit Beruang, Melaka, Malaysia. E-mail: pwwong@mmu.edu.my Abstract— The term ‘Smartphone’ has commonly discussed among young adult especially students from higher learning institutional. Cell phone has becoming a part of their life-tool eventually. Young adult eventually used their phone to communicate with people, alarming themselves from few reminders, direct ways, downloading songs and games, texting messages and more. According to Rice and Katz (2008), the cell phone can be said as a social medium that developing into a multimedia digital platform which has the ability to provides, obtains, and shares personal and social information. However, the market eventually has a higher technology which is called Smartphone. Several industries have hurriedly espoused mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) which have the capabilities of integrating wireless connections and mobile devices that auxiliary pushed the demand effectively in every industry by having a new buzzword, “Smartphone,” illustrates this popular PDA-phone...
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...Executive Summary The media have been covering the bad news about newspapers for years. To see and read these accounts is to encounter an industry that seems on the verge of crisis, and possibly on the edge of the abyss. In many U.S. markets, the dominant paper is a fading enterprise. In the long run, no newspaper is safe from electronic technologies. A crisis of confidence is combined with a technological revolution and structural economic change to create what can only be described as the perfect storm and as younger readers turn toward free tabloids and electronic media to get news. To be certain, all is not as well as it once was at the Miami Herald. Circulation, which has been on the downward spiral for two decades, has lately shown signs of free fall. Young readers are scarce, newsroom budgets are tight, and the competition remains unrelenting. Newspapers have wounded themselves with a series of credibility shredding scandals and screw ups. The Internet, with its vastness, its vibrancy and its immediacy, does seem poised to blow away the snoozy old newspaper. Introduction The U.S. newspaper industry is suffering through what could be its worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Advertising revenues have plummeted due in part to the severe economic Down turn, while readership habits have changed as consumers turn to the Internet for free news and information. Newspaper publishers in 2012 have seen some improvement in financial conditions...
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...Tiffany Monroe Critical Analysis IV Ms. Gill 12/14/12 Madness and Blindness in King Lear King Lear by Shakespeare is a play that has many motifs and ideals that are supported by its characters. One motif that is introduced in the very beginning is the relationship between blindness and madness. Although the development of this relationship can be seen within characters such as Glouchester the Earl, and Goneril and Regan, the king’s daughters, it is best illustrated by the king himself. The relationship between blindness and madness illustrated in King Lear teaches that blindness will lead to madness, and madness will lead to enlightenment. No character in King Lear experiences the effects of this relationship like the main character himself, King Lear. In the very beginning he proposes a question to his daughters that he has no way of knowing the true answer of; in essence he asks his three daughters how much they love him to see who loves him the most. Two of his daughters, Goneril and Regan feed him lies, and basically tell him that they love him more than life itself. King Lear’s third daughter, Cordelia answers truthfully; she tells him that she loves him for giving her life, and as much as a daughter should love her father. Because of the King’s blindness, he is outraged by this response. He fails to see that Goneril and Regan were lying to get ahead while poor Cordelia, who he then banishes, is the one who truly loves him. The king...
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...CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction The basic problem of an economic society is to allocate resources among the members of the society so as to maximize the welfare of the society as a whole. To achieve this welfare objective, each resource should be used to perform the functions by which it contributes most efficiently to society. In a market economy, the price system allocates these resources. That is, prices furnish the guideposts that indicate how resources should be used. Prices determine what products and services should be produced and in what amounts. Prices determine how these products and services should be produced. And prices determine for whom the products and services should be produced. Thus prices affect both incomes and spending behavior. For the consumer with a given income level, prices influence what to buy and how much of each product to buy. For business firms, profits are determined by the difference between revenues and costs, with revenues determined by multiplying price per unit sold by the number of units sold. Price changes also play a major role in a market economy. When the quantity demanded for a product or service is greater than the supply available, buyers bid the price up. If costs remain the same per unit sold, the higher price leads to greater profits and an incentive to invest in resources to produce even greater quantities of the product. Thus, the producers are able to bid more for raw material resources, thereby...
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...Abstract This essay employs a visual analysis to compare and contrast Andy Warhol’s ‘Blue Marilyn’ with Roy Lichtenstein’s ‘In the Car’ in association to the postmodernist theme of Consumer Culture and more explicitly, the introduction of Pop Art, born from post-war consumerist societies. The argument refers to eight scholarly research sources, three of which are scholarly journal articles. POSTMODERNITY AND CONSUMERISM: WIT, INVENTION AND THE AFTERMATH OF WAR Research Statement: Using a visual analysis, compare and contrast Andy Warhol’s Blue Marilyn with Roy Lichtenstein’s In the Car in association to the postmodernist theme of Consumer culture and more explicitly the introduction of Pop Art; born through post-war materialisation. The Postmodernist Cannon of the latter twentieth and twenty-first Century Art is a crucial anthology, signifying radical and innovative movements that differentiated from Modernist art practices. It signifies a period of time whereby practitioners sought to contradict the rebellious experimentational aspects of Modernist art through re-visioning and revitalising media to fit the metamorphosing culture. Incorporated within the Cannon were several movements that were heavily influenced by the rise of Consumer cultures, dictated by the post-war explosion of advertisement in the 1950’s, compelling practitioners to manipulate and transform their style in either awe of the perpetually adapting society or in rebellion towards the mass produced...
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...be the source of many future researches as internet consumerism expands. This paper will examine the following research questions: (1) How do factors previously researched affect the online purchasing behavior of consumers and (2) what are the significant consumer behaviors both positive and negative that affect internet consumerism? By identifying these factors and variables, new strategies can be formulated and both consumer and supplier can gain knowledge and understanding of behaviors which exist. The purpose of this research paper is to integrate the varied research information together and draw coherent linkages to how consumer thoughts, attitudes and motivational behavior affect online buying, thus building a broader framework of analysis in which to build upon. Introduction The Internet has been accessible to the public for over twenty years. It came upon the scene and has exploded in popularity like few things have ever done in the history of the world. Since the introduction of the World Wide Web, the interest in the value of commerce and individuals has been growing. Skeptical at first, online consumerism has steadily increased and along with it has come some positive and...
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...Consumer behaviour in the travel industry “What motivates university students to book their travel itinerary online?” 25 November 2014 Management Summary Due to the rise of information technology and especially the Internet, the tourism industry has altered tremendously. Nowadays, signifcantly more consumers, especially young, self-determing, brand loyal and price sensible consumers, prefer to book their travels online instead of visiting a travel agency. However, it is currently unknown which factors are of influence on the intention of booking a trip online. Therefore, the following main problems of issue has been investigated: “Which factors influence the intention of students to purchase travels via online channels? And what is the mediating effect of perceived value of an online service on the relationship between price and students’ online purchase intentions?” The literature study examined several contemporary scientific theories with respect to students’ online purchase intention, and found that preceived value could potentially serve as an mediator on the relationship between price and consumers’ online purchase intentions. Furthermore, trust, convenience, web-design, reference groups, and promotion, are found to be also of influence on the consumers, online purchase intentions. Based on these relations found in the literature study, the conceptual model (i.e. descriptive representation) and hypothesis were developed. Based on the conceptual model a...
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...pounds and was suffering from a serious disease called Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Every day since that day in June, I struggle to prevent relapse. AN is a serious disease that effects primarily American woman usually around age14. By focusing on why an individual is affected by AN, what treatment is available, and the large number of those that relapse, this essay will show why so many people do not seek treatment, additional research is needed and so many individuals relapse. Eating disorders are not followed by the Federal Government; therefore, no statistics show if there is an increase or if simply more patients are diagnosed. “It’s a national disgrace that we still don’t have published data on how many people have an eating disorder.” (Monroe-Striegel, 2006, p. 123), who heads the psychology department at Wesleyan University in Middletown, CT, Ninety percent of American adults are aware of at least one eating disorder. According to the Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, teachers from elementary and middle schools report that over 60 percent of their students have at least one type of eating disorder. An even sadder statistic shows 42 percent of nine and ten year olds wish they were thinner (Prah, 2006). Who is to blame for eating disorders? According to a poll conducted for National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) by GMI, Inc. (2005), women are more likely to blame the media while men are more likely...
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...Article Critique EDT 660 Fall, 2005 Your Name: Monroe, C.R., & Obidah, J.E. (2004). The influence of cultural synchronization on a teacher’s perceptions of disruption. A case study of an African American middle- school classroom. Journal of Teacher Education, 55, 256-268. I. Statement of the Problem a. Ressearch Topic The topic is how to discipline students. The authors state, “student responses to teachers’ disciplinary techniques can be unpredictable and require quick reactions on the part of the teacher.” This sets the context for the more specific research problem. b. Research Problem As the title of the article suggests, cultural synchronization between the teacher and the students can be influential in discipline. This is illustrated in the authors’ transcription of an interaction among students and the teacher along with commentary. More specifically, the authors note that Ms. Simpson (the teacher) has shifted her language to include dialect that is non-standard English but is closer to the students’ own language. The authors state “Ms. Simpson’s comments, undoubtedly, have altered her professional image from one of “effective educator” to “unprofessional teacher” in the eyes of many teacher educators.” They go on to note “conventional wisdom fails to account for the importance of cultural context when analyzing teacher behaviors.” c. Research Questions/Hypotheses No specific research question or hypothesis is noted, but the authors do...
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...WP/09/95 Ponzi Schemes in the Caribbean Ana Carvajal, Hunter Monroe, Catherine Pattillo, and Brian Wynter © 2009 International Monetary Fund WP/09/95 IMF Working Paper Western Hemisphere and Monetary and Capital Markets Departments Ponzi Schemes in the Caribbean Prepared by Ana Carvajal, Hunter Monroe, Catherine Pattillo, and Brian Wynter Authorized for distribution by Paul Cashin and David Hoelscher April 2009 Abstract This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. In several Caribbean states, unregulated investment schemes grew quickly in recent years by claiming unusually high monthly returns and through a system of referrals by existing members. These are features shared with traditional Ponzi schemes and pyramid schemes. This paper describes the growth of such schemes, their subsequent collapse, and the policy response of regulators, and presents key policy lessons. The analysis and recommendations draw on country experiences in the Caribbean, and in such diverse countries as the United States, Colombia, Lesotho, and Albania. JEL Classification Numbers: G18 Keywords: Pyramid schemes, Ponzi schemes, Caribbean Authors’ E-Mail Addresses: acarvajal@imf.org; hmonroe@imf.org;...
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