...Alexander as the narrative of the height of achievement for a masculine warrior-hero served as one of his most enduring and powerful legacies to later ages” (Martin, Ancient Greece, 252). Alexandre had so many success which the Romans took noticed of and used it to conspiracy their expansion. Although many of the sources of Rome’s expansion was first presented as a sage of premediated wars of conquest (Ancient Rome, 67), when it comes to military, the Romans glean many of their military scheme from Alexander the Great. Although they had some influential ideas from Alexandre...
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...Ancient Rome From Kingdom to Republic 1. Define Republic A republic is a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the have the right to elect the leaders who make government decisions. 2. Which type of democracy is a republic? A republic is an indirect democracy. 3. What is a patrician? What is a plebian? A patrician is the upper class group in ancient Rome whose ancestry gave them the authority to make laws. A plebian is the more common people in ancient Rome who were only allowed to vote and couldn’t partake in government. Twelve Tables 4. What was the significance of the twelve tables? The twelve tables was established the idea that all free citizens had the right of protection of law, and that laws would be fair to all. Republican Government 5. Who made up the legislative branch? The legislative branch is made up of the senate. Roman Law 6. List the 4 principles of Roman law. The 4 principles of Roman law are 1: All citizens have the right to equal treatment, 2: Innocent until proven guilty, 3: Burden of proof rested with the accuser, and 4: All laws should be based on reason. A Written Legal Code 7. How did Emperor Justinian contribute to Roman law? Emperor Justinian contributed to Roman law by making the Code of Justinian and saying that the laws applied for everyone. 8. Explain the meaning of “A government of laws, not men” The quote “A meaning of government of laws, not...
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...Spell Check-list Unlike the Greek city-states, the Roman republic embarked almost immediately on imperial expansion. Utilizing its citizen armies, the republic gained control of the entire Italian peninsula. Conquered regions were incorporated into the republic or allowed to remain as independent allies. Rome's greatest rival in the western part of the Mediterranean was the former Phoenician colony of Carthage in northern Africa. Between 264 B.C.E. and 146 B.C.E., Rome defeated Carthage in the three Punic Wars. Rome's victory created an empire that extended from Italy to the Iberian peninsula and into northern Africa. The collapse of the Hellenistic successor states of Alexander's empire drew the Romans into the eastern Mediterranean. Greece, Macedonia, the Asian littoral, and Egypt were drawn into Rome's orbit. Rome and its Empire, (1995), Pearson Education, Pearson Longman, Retrieved from; http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wc_4/17/4390/1123999.cw/index.html The Regal Period. According to tradition, the first King laid the political foundations for the city, by creating the senate, and by dividing the people into curiae. He also extended Roman power by successful wars. Numa Pompilius is the antithesis, in many ways, of Romulus. He organized priesthoods, established religious rites, and sought to develop the religious life of the people. It was the main purpose of Tullus Hostilius, as it had been that of Romulus, to extend the material power of Rome. Ancus Marcius...
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...the decisions the Senate made in these times. ! The ambition of Julius Caesar can be seen throughout his actions1. When Britain was invaded by Rome twice in 55 BC, the troops were headed by him. The first time, Caesar was unsuccessful at capturing Britain. Caesar did not give up, his ambition brought him back a second time, making a deal with the king Mandubracius and successfully securing part of Britain for Rome. After this battle Caesar, got to cease power over Rome in a clash against Pompey and the Senate2. Later, he was promoted to “dictator in perpetuity.” This great ambition brought good things to Rome3; For example, Caesar focused Rome’s army on teamwork and wanted to expand its territories beyond their limits. With the fear he would bring Rome down, a group of senators killed him ending his dictatorship, but not his legacy. The actions of Caesar were a great turning point in Roman history. Even when the Senate trusted him with the troops and he was sent to battle...
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...ended up in territory the Greeks hardly even knew about, solidifying his place in history. Rome’s conquests were nothing short of history-making either when they made it abundantly clear they were the dominant force in their region by continuously toppling city-states and kingdoms, adding to their growing empire. These two monumental forces even came to be seen as unstoppable. Both the conquests of Alexander the Great and Rome had similar approaches to Greek freedom but differed when it came to reasons for conquests and expansion tactics. Alexander the Great and Rome had wanted the Greeks to remain free while they expanded their...
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...BURNING OF ROME On the evening of the July 18, 64, a great fire erupted in a shop at the end of Circus Maximus (merchant district), selling flammable goods. This fire sparked outrage in the community in the days ahead, as Tacitus reported the fire spread quickly are burnt for five days. The Roman community by this time was wearing thin of Emperor Nero’s actions, as a diversion Nero supposedly set fire to the city as he wanted to make way for his planned villa, Domus Aurea. Due to the mass loss of property with four out of Rome's twelve districts being completely obliterated and seven of them suffering from huge loss, Emperor Nero opened up his home for a relief for the homeless. During this relief stage Nero used his personal funds to supply and deliver food to prevent starvation among survivors. Once the people had time to process the fire and the momentous loss that came with it, speculation shifted to the origin of the fire. Various historical figures report Nero taking the fire with great happiness, with Dio...
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...the next 600 years. Much of the customs, religious practices, and laws still practiced in Spain are a result of this influence. Famous for their ability to establish an efficient infrastructure, the Romans created roads and bridges during and after the conquering of Hispania. This infrastructure was essential in uniting the peninsula that had since been divided by geographical obstacles. It was also crucial in that it allowed trade to flourish both within Hispania and between other geographic areas within the entire empire. This not only allowed the peninsula to become an economic force, but also furthered the mixing of all the cultures that existed under the vast Roman Empire. Today, modern roadways in Spain often run parallel to the ancient Roman roads and the layout of historical cities remain the same as they did during the empire. In addition to the transportation infrastructure, Romans recognized the need of a water supply for those cities not situated on a waterway. Just as was done in Rome, they constructed aqueducts that supplied water to some...
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...How did Augustus transform the Roman Republic into one of the greatest empires our world has ever seen? In Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Augustus records the accomplishments of his remarkable career, giving insight into what his legacy should be. Augustus came to power at a time when Rome was struggling to govern effectively, take care of its citizens, and deal with bordering nations (McKay 156). Although Res Gestae Divi Augusti might be a boastful account that portrays Augustus as more heroic and divine than he actually was, the Roman Empire does indeed owe much of its success to the excellent leadership of Augustus. Augustus brought the Roman Empire to newfound heights through his military endeavors, his infrastructure projects, and his actions...
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...possess opinions, beliefs, and rituals involving this unifying but tragic fate of all human beings. Differences aside throughout history, special attention has been paid to those who experience death. Most commonly, a proper burial that is in accordance with the individual’s time period, culture, and beliefs is given by those close to the deceased. Often ornate monuments are left behind at the time of burial to honor the individual or house their remains, sometimes both. As a consequence, many civilizations throughout history have their own distinctive pieces of art spawned by death in their society. Examination of funerary art from various ancient civilizations tells much about the group it belongs to by providing insight about their culture as well as their traditions and beliefs associated with death. The majority of the monuments that the ancient Egyptians left behind were associated with death. The purpose of these monuments was to ensure safety and happiness in the next life. The construction of the Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser reflects just that. It is one of the oldest stone structures in Egypt and the first of many grandiose royal tombs to come. The Egyptians believed that one’s ka, a life force accompanying a person from birth, could inhabit the deceased’s corpse and live on forever. The Egyptian belief in immortality and the afterlife is seen throughout the construction of mastabas and tombs. Stepped pyramid of Djoser began as a large mastaba. It doubled...
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...The Kushans of the first to third century CE embraced artistic, religious, and cultural practices of others graciously. They connected cultures together and were considered one of the most accepting cultures and honored diversity. From their coinage, to the early rise of Gandharan art with Hellenisitic traces, it was rarely truly developed from that area specifically. When is art or culture developed through a vacuum with no outside influences? Never. The Kushan empire hub was situated in a convenient location with access to the East and West and they used this location to their advantage and everyone else’s. Trades flourished and many cultures benefitted. “Archeological excavations, art historical evidence, coins, and inscriptions directly reflect connections between the establishment of the Kushan Empire, long-distance trade and cultural transmission between the northwestern Indian subcontinent and the silk routes.” (Neelis) When the Kushans established themselves, things started happening. Alexander of Macedon conquered lands reaching from the “Adriatic to the Black Sea and the Balkans to mainland Greece” (Wood) to build an expansive empire. His father, Phillip, built and army of 30,000 men and 5,000 cavalry in attempt to battle the Persians who were planning to add Greece to their empire. Philip was killed before this could happen so Alexander the Great carried his fathers out his father’s goals and went beyond. Ultimately, Alexander the Great influenced every land he...
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...independent and did things his way. In belief of him knowing he had to make reforms to the government in Rome, he granted himself power but reassured his people that they were governed by the senate. Being that he didn’t trust the governments of Rome’s neighboring countries, he allowed to be apart of them. (Secondary Source: Biographies of Augustus) Augustus was indeed the greatest Roman emperor as he had the most difficult job, which was in fact, establishing the Principate. He created an autocracy in addition to a republican party to hide his control. Augustus ruled Rome not through force or coercion but because he was able to recognize Rome to maintain public order. This explained why all of his titles granted republican....
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...Rome Changes over time: * Transportation * Population * Culture * Government * Trade Fatma Abbas AlKhaja 201409784 Reem Mohammed AlMehairi 201409017 Salha Abdulla AlMeasam AlFalasi 201409016 Maitha Mohammed Matar 201404552 COL 155-508 Dr. Leena Taneja The lifestyle of the ancient Romans was one in which personal comfort, pleasure and style were very important. The Romans developed traditions and a comfortable lifestyle to fit with their concept of family and community. The ancient Romans had an appreciation for hard work, practical thinking and discipline. Although they were sensible people, they had a desire for comfort and pleasure. The Roman Empire included different people from all different cultures. They formed a society that worked together with very defined motivations. * Transportation: Starting in the eighth century BCE, the ancient Roman road networks that spanned more than 400,000 km of roads, including over 80,500 km of paved roads, were important in maintaining the stability of the empire and its expansion. Despite how crowded and narrow they were, they enabled the Romans to move armies, trade goods and communicate. Moreover, they were intended to carry material from one location to another. Although they had roads, travel within the cities was often done on foot. For other purposes, Roman vehicles can be divided into: coach and cart. Coaches were used to transport parties, whereas carts were used to transport cargo. Growing...
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...connection to ancient Roman republican society as well as the Greeks and their democratic values. It was also meant to create a new American mythos to enshrine values, illustrate manifest destiny, and show that the United States was created by divine providence just as Rome was founded. We can see this in many of our monuments and artwork from the time period, as well as in the way the American story is told and taught to us. The Jefferson Memorials construction began in 1939 when President Franklin Roosevelt laid its cornerstone and was completed in 1943. It is dedicated to Thomas Jefferson our third president and was modeled after the Pantheon in Rome. It was...
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...east, it proceeded as the Byzantine Empire until the passing of Constantine XI and the fall ofConstantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 CE. The impact of the Roman Empire on western human movement was significant in its proceeding with obligations to inside and out that truly matters each bit of western society. PIONEER OF THE PACK: At the pioneer of the pack were the rulers, a difficult to miss gathering of men (continually men). Few were just OK: some were mind blowing - some even were phenomenal - yet outstandingly different abused their position and power. They had an occupation everlastingly, yet that life could basically be abbreviated. Downfall was a word related danger. The sovereigns sat at the most hoisted motivation behind Rome's social sales. This was as finely surveyed as flour. Particular limits were required for Romans to be surrendered as equestrians or authorities. Without a doubt, even liberated slaves had specific rights from nationals. THE FIVE GOOD EMPERORS : Domitian's successor was his master Nerva who set up the Nervan-Antonin Dynasty which spoke to Rome 96-192 CE. This period is stamped by augmented flourishing inferable from the rulers known as The Five Good Emperors of Rome. Some spot around 96 and 180 CE, five amazing men ruled in movement and went on the Roman Empire to its tallness: Nerva (96-98), Trajan (98-117), Hadrian (117-138), Antoninus Pius (138-161), and Marcus Aurelius(161-180). Under their drive, the Roman Empire developed more grounded...
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...Christianity, a very wide practiced religion, originated about 2000 years ago in Judea, which is now commonly known as Israel. Jesus Christ and his trusting disciples first practiced and introduced the religion to the population. “Jesus first began preaching in Israel during the time of Augustus, trying hard to purify the Jewish religion to establish the kingdom of God on Earth” (Stark, 1996). During the emergence of Christianity, the emperor of Rome was ruler of Judea. The Jewish population was not happy being under Roman rule because they felt as though it represented a historical oppression. During the beginning stages of Christianity, “the religion focused on cleansing the Jewish religion of stiff rituals and arrogant leaders and had little to do with the Roman culture” (Stark, 1996). Due to this, Jesus aroused suspicion among the upper classes and leaders of the Jewish religion. Roman governors were persuaded that Jesus was a dangerous activist and as a result, Jesus was put to death. On the third day of Jesus’ death, his followers believed that resurrected which led them to further believe he was the Son of God. With the resurrection of Jesus, the religion was spreading amongst Jewish communities within the Roman Empire and further beyond. Paul, whose real name Saul, converted into a Christian in A.D 35. It was through Paul that Christian missionaries began to migrate from the strict Jewish law. He proposed that the new standards of faith be universal and open to all...
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