... Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures 1. Animal Cell: [pic] |Number |Cell Structure |Description and Function | |1 |Nuclear Pore |Nuclear pores are large protein structures that cross| | | |the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane | | | |inclosing the eukaryotic cell nucleus. The function | | | |of a nuclear pore is to control the way of molecules | | | |between the nucleus and cytoplasm, allowing some | | | |material to go through the membrane. | |2 |Chromatin (DNA) |Chromatin is the combined material of DNA and | | | |proteins. Chromatins are what make up the entire | | | |nucleus of a cell. The function of a chromatin is to | | ...
Words: 1323 - Pages: 6
...Lori Stenbeck Bio K121 June 14, 2012 Animal and Plant Cells Introduction: There are two different types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic, such as bacteria, lack a nuclear membrane and other membrane bound organelles. Their genetic material consists of a single molecule of singular DNA. Eukaryotic, such as plant and animal cells have a nuclear membrane and other membrane bound organelles. Their genetic structure consists of one or more linear strands of DNA. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a plasma membrane surrounding the cell. The typical plant cell has in addition a cell wall, a rigid structure made up of cellulose that surrounds the plasma membrane. Most animal cells are mostly filled with cytoplasm, whereas the plant cell has much of its volume taken up by a central vacuole containing water, salts, sugars and other compounds. The purpose of this experiment is to differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Also to distinguish among plant and animal cells and identifying the organelles that are evident in them. Eukaryotic Cells: Plant Cells: Elodea: When viewing the Elodea (also known as pond weed) it was easy to distinguish it was a plant cell due to its rectangular shape. The cellular organelles that were observed were a cell, wall, chloroplast, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. The nucleus was located off to the side of the cell. This was assumed to be because of the large central vacuole. As the slide began to...
Words: 516 - Pages: 3
...function of animal cells In this assignment, I will be producing a report discussing and analysing the movement of materials in and out cells using different methods. These include passive transport. This is a process which doesn’t require energy, diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are included in this. Active transport is a process which does need energy to function. Endocytosis and exocytosis are examples of this. Diffusion and the factors affecting how well it can occur will also be talked about. http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@api/deki/files/26918/=17.6.new.jpg?revision=1 The phospholipid bilayer is a structural component that makes up all cell membranes. The lipid bilayer is named so because there are two layers of fat cells within the membrane. They are made up of a glycerol backbone with a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains attached to it. The phosphate group is polar while the fatty acids are no polar. Phospholipids are the main molecules found in the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane protects the interior of the cell which also has selective permeability. Most of the cell membrane is impenetrable to water soluble substances as it’s made up of lipids. Those water soluble substances and other molecules can pass through the membrane when it is made up of proteins. They can pass through by a channel protein or carrier protein. Cells need a membranes in order to control what substances go in and out. It also compartmentalises individual cell processes...
Words: 3544 - Pages: 15
...Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures Instructions: Your lab report will consist of the completed tables. Label each structure of the plant and animal cell with its description and function in the provided tables. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Animal cell: Observe the diagram that shows the components of an animal cell. Using the textbook and virtual library resources, fill in the following table: Animal Cell Number Cell Structure Description and Function 1 Chromatin (DNA) The primary functions are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit the cell, to enforce DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, to prevent DNA damage, and to control gene expression and DNA replications 2 Nucleolus The largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where it primarily serves as the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly. 3 Nucleus The nucleus is basically the command center of the cell, it controls eating, movement, and reproduction. 4 Nuclear Pore Are large protein complexes that serve as the pathways for exchange of the materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm 5 Nuclear Envelope A highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. 6 Centrioles Self-replicating organelles made up of nine bundles of microtubules and appear to help in organizing cell division. 7 Cilia and Flagella Hair like organelles...
Words: 768 - Pages: 4
...Cells, Exchange and Transport Cell Structure State the resolution and magnification that can be achieved by a light microscope, a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope; | Light microscope | TEM | SEM | Resolution | 200nm | 0.1nm | 0.1nm | Magnification | X1500 | X250 000 | X100 000 | Explain the difference between magnification and resolution; Magnification: How much bigger the image is than the specimen. Resolution: How detailed the image is and how well a microscope can distinguish between two different points. Explain the need for staining samples for use in light microscopy and electron microscopy; Objects need to be stained because they can sometimes be viewed as completely transparent under a microscope. The stain is taken up by some parts more than others and the contrast makes the different parts show up darker than others. Calculate the linear magnification of an image; Magnification = length of image/ length of specimen Describe and interpret drawings and photographs of eukaryotic cells as seen under an electron microscope and be able to recognise the following structures: nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, chloroplasts, plasma (cell surface) membrane, centrioles, flagella and cilia; Nucleus: Large organelle Nucleolus: spherical structure inside...
Words: 696 - Pages: 3
...Imagine cloning a cell 37.2 trillion times until there’s a whole person. Today, scientist have come extremely close to making this possible. Scientist haven’t been able to clone an adult human yet, but some have managed to successfully been able to clone a human embryo. Cloning will allow people to increase the amount of livestock and crops key to mankind’s survival, cure who knows how many diseases and even bring people back to life from a simple DNA cell. But even though all these things could be possibly, people are still against it. The idea that is going to change the world all started in 1885 by a German scientist named Hans Spemann. According to Utah Genetics, Spemann was the first person to split an embryo and went on to win a Nobel...
Words: 821 - Pages: 4
...fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology. [pic] 3. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that describes the energy metabolism of cells. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand the energy metabolism of cells. [pic] 4. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that compares structures and functions of different cell types. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better compare structures and functions of different cell types. [pic] 5. Discuss what life means to you after completing questions 1–4. [pic] ----------------------- I found a YouTube video titled “energy and Metabolism explained”. The video explains how the body is constantly at work with repairing cells and building new ones. This action requires energy that the body converts from the chemical...
Words: 1397 - Pages: 6
...Biotechnology Biotechnology is the way in which man uses other organisms to make useful products. Yeast has been used for centuries to make beer, wine and bread. Moulds have been employed in cheese making, and bacteria in yogurt making. Single- Cell Protein (SCP) Microorganisms are single cell organisms which can be cultured to rapidly produce foodstuffs rich in protein, minerals and vitamins. Microorganisms are grown in large fermenters where nutrient, pH and temperature are constantly monitored and controlled. The products are: 1. Cells 2. Substances produced by cells. 3. Substances the cells make by fermenting the nutrient solution. Once these products have been ‘ harvested’ they are processed for marketing. Mycoprotein (SCP) Fusarium graminearum is a mould which is about 50% protein, high in fibre but low in fat and cholesterol-free, called mycoprotein (myco-:fungus), it is seen as a healthy substitute for meat. Fusarium is cultured in fermenters and marketed under t brand name ‘Quorn’. Enzymes Enzymes are highly important in industry and medicine. Microorganisms are cultured in fermenters, and they secrete enzymes which are separated from the culture medium and processed to be used in powdered or liquid form. Enzyme production is a rapidly growing industry. They are used in the following areas:- Food and agriculture Chemical industry Pharmaceutical industry Medicine Analytical Sciences Enzyme Production Microorganisms are used to produce enzymes...
Words: 1061 - Pages: 5
...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. IA (Alkaline Metals) 1.1. H………………………………………………………………………..2 1.2. Li………………………………………………………………………..2 1.3. Na………………………………………………………………………2 1.4. K………………………………………………………………………..3 1.5. Rb………………………………………………………………………3 1.6. Cs………………………………………………………………………3 1.7. Fr……………………………………………………………………….4 1. IIA (Alkaline Earth Metals) 2.8. Be………………………………………………………………………4 2.9. Mg………………………………………………………………………4 2.10. Ca………………………………………………………………………4 2.11. Sr……………………………………………………………………….4 2.12. Ba………………………………………………………………………5 2.13. Ra………………………………………………………………………5 1. Group IA 2.1. H Hydrogen binds with Oxygen to form water. Without water, we can not survive. In fact, we are mostly made of water. 2.2. Li Lithium does not occur naturally in biological systems and has no biological role, but does have effects on the body when ingested. Lithium carbonate is used as a mood stabilizer in psychiatry to treat bipolar disorder (manic-depression) in daily doses of about 0.5 to 2 grams, although there are side-effects. Excessive ingestion of lithium causes drowsiness, slurred speech and vomiting, among other symptoms, and poisons the central nervous system, which is dangerous as the required dosage of lithium to treat bipolar disorder is only slightly lower than the toxic dosage. The metal lithium is not essential for any biological functions, but was found to exist in extremely tiny...
Words: 1377 - Pages: 6
...1) How are plants and animals similar in structure? How are they different? Plants and animals are similar because they both show the presence of cytoplasm, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), mitochondria, vacuole, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, microtubules/ microfilaments, nucleus, and flagella (present in some cells). They are different because Plant cells have centrioles or intermediate filaments. They also have a more square shape and contain chloroplasts. This allows plant cells produce their own food or energy. Animal cells must obtain food from a source outside of the body. Plants have a cell wall that is made up of fibrils of cellulose. Plants have only one big vacuole, but animals have many small vacuoles. Plants also contain plastids while it is absent in animal cells. Animals have lysosomes, while plants don’t. 2) What was the purpose of adding the iodine solution to the onion cells?...
Words: 401 - Pages: 2
...them that tells them what the body of a living thing should look like and how it should behave. You get the genes from your parents. Many people think that cloning is only done by scientists in laboratories, but, in fact, cloning also occurs in nature. Animals have billions of cells. The nucleus of such a cell has genetic information called DNA. All the nuclei of an animal have the same information. But each cell only uses a part of this information in order to work properly. The other part of the DNA is not active. But because a single cell holds all the DNA of an animal, scientists can make physical copies of an animal from only one cell. They transfer the nucleus of an animal’s cell into an egg cell of another animal. This egg cell has the same genetic information as that of the donor animal. The cell then grows into an embryo. Scientists must then activate the DNA that was not active in the parent cell. Otherwise a full organism would not develop. Clones do not behave in an identical way – this is because they live in different environments. Researchers have found out that identical twins that carry the same DNA are different because they grow up differently. Cloning animals started way back in the 1950s when the first frogs were reproduced. In 1996 British scientists cloned the first mammal, a sheep called Dolly. Since then the cloning of mice, cattle, cats and other mammals has been successful. Clones occur naturally in many cases...
Words: 1210 - Pages: 5
...Organelles and Disease: Adrenoleukodystophy (ALD) Understanding an Animal Cell: Basic Units of Life The cell is the fundament unit of life. They make up the smallest level of a living organism in the human body, where the metabolic processes happen to in order to maintain life. It itself is considered a mini-organism made up from organs called organelles. These organelles are the structural and functional units and are created from several macromolecules connected together. A typical animal cell contains the following organelles (Tracey Greenwood, 2012): the nucleus (which houses the DNA), mitochondria (which produce energy), ribosomes (which make protein), the endoplasmic reticulum (for transportation) and the golgi apparatus (which distributes...
Words: 1015 - Pages: 5
...GMO The foods most Americans eat today are genetically engineered in some way. There are many harsh side effects to this process starting with the soil. The chemicals also are harsh on our bodies as well as the animals that are eating them. Major us foods are genetically engineered some are , “86% of corn, 93% of canola, 95% of sugar beets planted 2008-2009 and 93% of cottonseed oil.” Usually all products that are not marked 100% organic are highly likely to contain a GMO product. A brief description of what GMO actually is, “While genetic breeding combines the DNA of two varieties of the same species, or of two related species by normal sexual breeding, genetic engineering removes part of the DNA of one species, then combines it with the DNA of a totally different species [that would never breed together naturally]. This is done by manipulating the biochemistry of the DNA during cell division (splitting of one cell into two new cells) and DNA replication (producing two identical copies of the cell’s genetic material). …For example, … part of the DNA from Bt bacteria, [is] inserted into the DNA of corn, to produce a totally new species of corn [Bt-corn] that produces the Bt toxin as a built-in pesticide.” Pesticides are sprayed onto crops on regular intervals throughout the growing process. One of the most commonly used pesticides is called “roundup” this is made mostly of glyphosate. The crops that have been continually spayed have mutated into super weeds which have...
Words: 759 - Pages: 4
...Intro Human chimera research is a controversial field of science that involves the introduction of human embryonic stem (hES) cells or human neural stem cells into nonhuman animals, thus creating a human-animal interspecific chimera. With the promise of significantly enhancing health and possibly curing some of the most deadly diseases, humankind has mitigated diverse ethical issues associated with stem cell research. However, the use of human stem cells to create chimeras has generated unusual ethical dilemmas, in particular, whether or not it violates human dignity. In Dr. Inmaculada de Melo-Martin’s article “Chimeras and Human Dignity,” she questions whether human dignity is a useful criterion to evaluate chimera work or other biotechnologies....
Words: 1526 - Pages: 7
...Cells Biology- the study of life and living organisms Living- uses energy, maintains itself, capability to reproduce, and development/growth; also part of a population that evolve (each generation differs from the ones before and after) Cells- basic unit of life Prokaryotic- lacking nucleus Bacteria “archaea” Eukaryotic- nucleus Plants Animals Fungi Eukaryotic Nucleus- surrounded by a double membrane; contains DNA Linear chromosomes Cytoplasm contains everything outside of the nucleus Cytoskeleton crisscrosses the cell- holds shape and allows for cell movement Cytoplasm contains organelles- each plays a role in the functioning of the cell Organelles are surrounded by membranes Ribosomes- assemble proteins, only organelle not surrounded by membrane; some are suspended in cytoplasm and some are attached to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- assembles proteins for the cell membrane or outside of the cell Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- assembles membranes Golgi Apparatus- “post office of the cell” Lysosomes- “garbage disposal of the cell” eats organic waste/ damaged organelles; some used to destroy bacteria Vacuoles- sacs surrounded by membrane used to store/expel nutrients or other materials such as pigments and hormones. Mitochondria- organelles that break down molecules to obtain energy for the cell Chloroplasts- plant cell structure that captures energy from sunlight to build molecules Cell membrane- defines...
Words: 977 - Pages: 4
