...BODY SIZE AND BODY FORM I. Analyzing Faces and Heads: Physiognomy and Phrenology To evaluate the outward appearance of the body and to read the mental and moral capacities of the person. Leaders of all 4 of these movements were highly educated. A. Physiognomy and facial observation –from greek, physio = nature, nomen = judge, judgement of human nature. Believed you could judge one’s mental and moral character by looking at one’s face. A ton of phrases today still show the judgement of character based solely on face (high brow, snooty, shifty eyed). 1. Giovanni Battista della Porta, Italy, De Humana Physiognomia (1586) –wrote first book on physiognomy. Porta was in Naples, Italy, a scientist and mathematician. Based his ideas on animal characteristics. In his book, he compared certain human faces to certain animal characteristics, and then associated the characteristics of the animal to the human. 2. Johann Lavater (1741-1801), Germany, Von der Physiognomik (1772) –Popularizes physiognomy, from Zurich, Switzerland, and then moved to Germany. Trained as a pastor. Makes physiognomy a science, through the publication of his work, “essays on physiognomy”. In the book, he laid out 100 physiognomy rules, where a look is associated with a trait. 3. General theory –The belief that mental and moral traits (character) can be determined and judged by one’s outward facial structure (their appearance and expressions). One trained in physiognomy could diagnose character by analyzing...
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...EXPERIMENT 1: ANTHROPOMETRIC PRINCIPLES IN WORKSPACE AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN Submitted by: Galang, Aaron Benedict C. Gatdula, Geiana Kersha C. Lavarias, Rochelle Anne C. Lualhati, Lyndon A. Manalo, Brenda C. Mantes, Diovani Jr., J. Martires, Lezeil B. Mecate, Mark Paul C. Mirano, Charmaine M. Noveda, Engilbert C. Yumol, Michael John A. B.S. Industrial Engineering 4-3 Submitted to: Engr. Elaine Rodriguez Adviser Date: July 10, 2014 EXPERIMENT 1: ANTHROPOMETRIC PRINCIPLES IN WORKSPACE AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN I. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Anthropometry, sizes so you need to take these physical characteristics into account whenever you design anything that someone will use, from something. This is the branch of ergonomics that deals with the body shape and size. People come in all shapes and as simple as a pencilte something complex as a car. The word “anthropometry” means measurement of the human body. It is derived from Greek word anthropos (“man”) and metron (“measure”). Anthropometric data are used in ergonomics to specify physical dimension of workplaces, equipment, furniture, and clothing so as to “fit the task to the man” and to ensure that physical mismatches between the dimension of equipment and products and the corresponding user dimensions are avoided. As a rule of thumb,...
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...Inappropriate Workspace Anthropometry as a Stressor Affecting Students’ Effective Workshop Practice 1 Japo O. M. Amasuomo & 2Ursula C. Nnabueze 1 Correspondence: Department of Vocational/Industrial Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, P. O. Box 1033, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. japoamasuomo@gmail.com, +2348033415457 2 Department of Health and Physical Education, Enugu State University of Science and Technology ,Enugu, Nigeria. nna_bueze @yahoo.com, Tel: +2347031234214 Abstract The study tried to find out whether inappropriate workspace anthropometry as a stressor affects students’ effective workshop practice. The study used 185 NCE Technical students in 300 Level which consisted of 73 and 112 students from Federal Colleges of Education (Technical), Asaba and Omoku, South-South Nigeria during the 2008/2009 academic session; and no sample was taken. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was 0.87. Data was analyzed with Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation; and Z-test at 0.05 level of significance. From the findings, it was the opinion of the students that, inappropriate workspace anthropometry as a stressor led to backache and spinal pains due to arm-reach constraints; shoulder and neck pains due to height constraints; and foot and toe pains due to foot constraints and consequently students’ effective workshop practice was affected in terms of lower production quantity and quality;...
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...Definition The word ‘Anthropometry’ is derived from a Greek word ‘an-thropos’ meaning ‘human’ and ‘metron’ meaning ‘measure’. According to Merriam -Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th ed, anthropometry is defined as ‘‘the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body, especially as an aid for comparative study in physical anthropology’’.The Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary 21st by Donald Venes, 2009 defines , ‘‘anthropometry is a science of measuring the human body, including craniometry, osteometry, skin fold evaluation for subcutaneous fat estimation, and height and weight measurements.” Milestones of anthropometry In the 13th century Marco Polo described the different body builds and sizes he encountered. Anthropometry...
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...Source: Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Groover, M. P., Pearson Education, 2007 Dr. Suat Kasap Physical and Cognitive Demands Most work activities require a combination of physical and cognitive exertions Ergonomics • An applied scientific discipline concerned with how humans interact with the tools and equipment they use while performing tasks and other activities • Derived from the Greek words ergon, meaning work, and nomos, meaning laws • The word ergonomics was coined by British scientist K. F. H. Murrell and entered the English language in 1949 IEG 350 Lecture 2- 3 Human Factors • Human factors is synonymous with ergonomics • Ergonomics emphasizes work physiology and anthropometry Europe – industrial work systems • Human factors emphasizes experimental psychology and systems engineering U.S. – military work systems IEG 350 Lecture 2- 4 Objectives in Ergonomics Greater ease of interaction between user and machine Avoid errors and mistakes Greater comfort and satisfaction in use of the equipment Reduce stress and fatigue Greater efficiency and productivity Safer operation Avoid accidents and injuries IEG 350 Lecture 2- 5 Ergonomics Application Areas • Work system design Objectives: safety, accident avoidance, improved functional performance Also includes environment such as lighting • Product design Objectives: safety, comfort, user-friendly...
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...Anthropometrics and Space Suit Customization 3D Body Scanning Applications in Space Suit Sizing Xiaomin Bao 11068748 Word Count: 1098 MSc International Fashion Marketing 2012/2013 Fashion Technology Contents 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................2 2. Sizing and Fit ........................................................................................................3 2.1. Background ........................................................................................................3 2.2. Sizing System Analysis ......................................................................................4 3. 3D Scanning System ............................................................................................6 3.1. Shadow Scanning Systems ...............................................................................6 3.2. White Light Scanning Systems ..........................................................................7 3.3. Laser Scanning Systems ...................................................................................8 3.4. Past and New Systems ......................................................................................9 3.5. Selection and Application .................................................................................10 4. Future Development ....................
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...Mr. Average – Assignment 1 A little about human factors and ergonomics as many people refer to, is the aim to design or change products and environments, which people use and operate to better match their capabilities, limitations, and needs. This improves the efficiency and effectiveness with which humans work and certain human values such reduce stress, increase comfort, increase job satisfaction, and user acceptance. In summary, ergonomics makes the work station or environment more user friendly for the individual. On the other hand, designing for Mr. Average is not a good thing when it comes to human factors and ergonomics. Designing for the average means that not all people will be comfortable or satisfied. This is the reason why anthropometric data is collected. Anthropometric data refers to the measurements of the human being, which deals with the body size and shape. The goal to designing in human factors is creating something that fits and comforts the needs of most people. In more detail, it is also important to keep in mind that collecting gender distribution is significant to human factors. Even though males and females are both human bodies, there are characteristics that distinguish them apart. For example, a general view is clothes. Most males have wider bodies compared to females. Also, jeans are made tighter for females since they do not have genitals. An over view so far of human factors and ergonomics is basically meeting satisfaction, optimization,...
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...On 26th February 2014, a survey was conducted among 42 University of the Southern Caribbean, hereafter referred to as USC, students, staff and community members. The purpose of the survey was to discover the lifestyle habits of the USC population. The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the USC community to complete. The first part of the questionnaire dealt with their demographic and anthropometric data. The second section was concerned with household income and basic family history. The last part of the questionnaire looked at their 24-hour recall. From the table of data, the most significant items are as follows. In the first section 15% of the persons that represented the eastern side of the island had the highest percentage of household earnings coming in which was between $10,000 – and above compared to persons representing the northern side of the island who had a 10% household income between $7500 - $9999. In the last section the following comments can be made about the pre-existing of heart problems of those surveyed. 83% believe that there was no pre- existing heart problem while 15% believe that there was a pre-existing problem and 2% were noted as being unsure. Not surprisingly though, in this very section 45% ate fast food 1-2 times a week, 29% 1- 2 times a month and 19 % never or rarely. If any conclusion may be drawn from the data, they are, perhaps, as follows. Persons in the eastern regional of the island have a very high household income...
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...According to the Fingerprint Sourcebook, uniqueness lies in embryology and early fetal development. The process of fetal finger development begins after cleavage divisions, and results in pre-patterning. Shortly after this a process known as gastrulation occurs and begins forming the primary tissues ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm; which later form into something different. The ectoderm tissue later forms into the epidermis which is the outer layer of the skin, the mesoderm forms the connective tissues of the dermis layer of skin, and the ectoderm forms organs. After this a process referred to as morphogenesis occurs which is the formation of shape. Limps start to grow (four weeks) and arms, legs, fingers, feet, and toes form (second month). The hand starts to transform from pad like to adult form and volar pads begin to appear on both the hands and feet. Around 10.5 weeks friction ridges begin to develop and continue to grow into the second trimester, but embryo growth is complete. The second trimester is also called fetal growth. During this time there is a regression of volar pads and friction ridges continue to grow until sixteen weeks when minutiae are present. Towards the end of the second trimester sweat ducts and pores appear along the epidermal ridges as fetal growth continues (Holder et al. 2011; CH 3). Holder et al. says “until approximately 5-6 weeks EGA, the hand appears as flat paddle-like structure with small protrusions of tissue that will become fingers” (3-5)...
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...All the data collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months are taken by two researchers who have sufficient experience working with obese children. • Anthropometry- body weight, height and waist circumference were measured - Height and weight was measured respectively for participants and their mothers - These measurements were used to calculated BMI • Body Composition- deuterium dilution, used to measure participant’s total body water - the total body of water would aid in calculating the fat (and free) mass • Cardiovascular Health- calculated heart rate/min after a 3-min step test (based on height) - Blood pressure was taken 3 times (the results of the second and third test were used to find an average) • Physical (in)activity - Slemenda...
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...Invitation Proceedings Section 2: Report Executive Summary Study Methods Graphs Results Discussion Conclusion Works Cited 12 13 16 18 19 20 21 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 2 Growth in Rural India: Children and Babies Maria Celina Hidajat Lab 4 Section 1: Proposal 3 Growth in Rural India: Children and Babies Maria Celina Hidajat Lab 4 Executive Summary Personnel My team will consist of three professional anthropologists including myself, and three apprentices which will serve as assistants while interning throughout the study, namely: Maria Celina Hidajat, Ph.D. in Comparative Human Development Diana Mendoza, Ph.D. in Nutritional Anthropology Scott Hookey, Ph.D. in Nutritional Anthropology Study We will be conducting an anthropometry regarding the growth and malnutrition of approximately 650 people (10% of the population in Pune, India), which include new mothers with children between the ages of six months to six years. We will be going to Pune, India, which has a malnutrition epidemic, for 5 days starting on December 23, 2013. I brought along this article with me to further aid my study: Semba, Richard D., Saskia de Pee, Kai Sun, Ashley A. Campbell, Martin W. Bloem, and V.k. Raju. "Low Intake of Vitamin A–rich Foods Among Children, Aged 12–35 Months, In India: Association With Malnutrition, Anemia, And Missed Child Survival Interventions." Nutrition26.10 (2010): 958-962. Print. Dian Mak, BS in Nutrition Brandon Battaglia, BS in Anthropology Nerine Liauw, BS...
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...Prehistoric Art 20 000-8 000 BC. Figure 1: Homem Paleolítico, Venus of Willendorf (Limestone), 30 000-25 000 BC, Prehistoric art, Naturhistorisches Museum, Austria, (Adendorff, 2008:8) Egyptian Art 8 000-2 000 BC. Figure 2: A page from The Book of the dead made for Nes-min, Papyrus of Ani (Papyrus), 2 600 BC, Egyptian art, London, (Adendorff, 2008:15) Byzantine Art 5th Century AD. to 1453 Figure 3: Christ Pantokrator, Central Dome, Church of the Dormition (mosaic), 1090-1100, Byzantine Art, Greece, (Adendorff, 2008:25) Middle Ages 312-1341 Figure 4: Unknown, St. Matthew, from the Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims, 826-835, Middle ages, (Adendorff, 2008:31) Roman Art 500 BC – 300 AD Figure 5: Unknown, Emperor Augustus (white marble), 1st Century, Roman art, Rome, (Von Heintze, 1990:143) Renaissance 12th to 17th Centuries Figure 6: Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus (tempera on canvas), 1482, Renaissance, Uffizi Gallery, Florence, (Adendorff, 2008:54) Baroque Art 17th and 18th Centuries Figure 7: Diego Velazquez, Las Meninas (oil on canvas), 1656, Baroque art, Museo del Prado, Madrid, (Adendorff, 2009:16) Neo-Classicism 18th and 19th Centuries Figure 8: Jacques Louis David, Oath of Horatti (oil on canvas), 1784, Neo-Classism, Louvre, Paris, (Rosenblum & Janson, 2004:27) Romanticism 1750-1850 Figure...
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... research scientists etc). Methods: Tips - Describe the methods you used to achieve the aims. The basic rule for a methods section is that it should be reproducible by a third party who was not present at the sessions. Include as much detail as you feel necessary to achieve this. Results: Tips – Report your personal data and also the group findings available on the spreadsheet. You do not need to do this for the diet diary data as this would be too much data to consider. For the diet diary you can just report your own findings, inc. total energy per day, % energy from protein, fat CHO and key micronutrients (vit C, D, iron etc) intake levels etc. Compare your dietary intakes with DOH dietary reference values. The other lab data, anthropometry, blood data and bone density and grip strength can be reported for yourself and the group as whole using the spreadsheet. Construct tables/graphs as you...
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...What are your thoughts on the Nature vs. Nurture argument? One of the biggest debates that continue to remain unsolved is the Nature vs. Nurture argument. My opinion is that the answer is not definitely one or the other but a mixture of the two. This argument tries to establish the role of genes and the environment in human nature. In some situations it is obvious that genetics have a greater role in shaping a person. An example of that is a person that desires to drink alcohol. Some people would say that the feeling is pre-determined by their genetics, while some people would believe that outside sources such as manufacturers and peers have a greater influence. This debate turns out to be one that is hard to explain because there are many factors involved. Some people express concerns that could be applied scientifically, some have true legitimacy that may not be answerable, and some just do not make sense. To make things more complex with this debate, it seems that things are blended together and there is no distinctiveness to separate the roles. Another issue is that some of the uncertainty comes from the genetic language itself. It seems like we try to sort out the contributions from nature and nurture when in fact the distinction is between what is in born and what we receive after birth. It will always go back to genes and the environment which keeps the debate on going. It is obvious the truth lies within nature and nurture, but it has been difficult to determine...
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...schools based on enrollment in the fall of 1995. The intervention period lasted two years for all students in the schools. There were 641 students in the intervention schools, of which 310 were girls and 331 were boys. In the control schools there were 654 students in total, 317 girls and 337 boys. There were of mixed race however majority of the students were white (69% in intervention and 63% control). According to 1990 Census data, the incomes of people within the school areas were approximately $36, 020 for intervention schools and $34, 200 for control schools. This indicated the socioeconomic status of the participants; the salaries were less than the average households in Boston, Massachusetts. At baseline in fall 1995, both anthropometry and Food and Activity Survey data were collected from 1560 students in grades 6 and 7 in the 10 intervention and control schools. The overall participation rate was 65% of eligible students (64.5% in control and 64.8% in intervention schools). 5) How did they assess the outcomes of the intervention and at what time points were the measurements made? (If there were several measures, you don’t have to describe them all in detail, just focus on one or two) The outcomes of the intervention were assessed using various methods. A Shorr stadiometer and an electronic scale was used to measure height and weight. Holtain calipers were used to measure Triceps skinfolds (TSF). Obese students were defined using a composite indicator based on...
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