...The PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides a comprehensive structure of assessing health and quality of life needs and for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion and other public health programs to meet those needs. PRECEDE: (Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) outlines a diagnostic planning process to assist in the development of targeted and focused public health programs. It has four phases * Phase 1: Social Diagnosis- Identifying the ultimate desired result. * Phase 2: Epidemiological, Behavioral, and Environmental Diagnosis- Identifying and setting priorities among health or community issues and their behavioral and environmental determinants that stand in the way of achieving that result, or conditions that have to be attained to achieve that result; and identifying the behaviors, lifestyles, and/or environmental factors that affect those issues or conditions. * Phase 3: Educational and Ecological Diagnosis- Identifying the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that can affect the behaviors, attitudes, and environmental factors given priority in Phase 2. * Phase 4: Administrative and Policy Diagnosis- Identifying the administrative and policy factors that influence what can be implemented. PROCEED: (Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development) guides the implementation and evaluation of the programs designed using PROCEED. ...
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...the bad in bottled water. This essay will focus on the problems bottled water has caused. Many people believe that their one bottle will not cause a large impact on the ecosystem. However, that one bottle will easily become many when you get into a habit of drinking bottled water. According to the International Bottled Water Association (2013) “In 2012, total U.S. bottled water consumption increased to 9.67 billion gallons…with every person in America drinking an average of 30.8 gallons of bottled water last year.” The average water bottle you buy in a store is 16.9 fluid ounces, 30.8 gallons is equal to 3942.4 fluid ounces, and 3942.4 divided by 16.9 is about equal to 233. Meaning, the average American in 2012 drank 233 bottles of water that year. The 9.67 billion gallons of water being consumed in a year in America, is similar to 73,240,236,686 bottles of water. After use, most of those bottles are put into our trash and taken to landfills. Many Americans find that using...
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...HSS – 901 (24587) Final Exam (Essay) Comment & Discuss the following Raising awareness at the progress the UN has achieved “gives depth to our perception of our own time in history, and makes us better able to see where paths to more progress may be open…” (Leif Wenar) – New York Times – 15 February 2016) The article by Leif Wenar is a very good piece that directs a picture of humanity in the past and present. 1. There are many artists, musicians, writers, poets, etc. alive today than there have been in history yet we complain about the quality going down in every field just because we do not immediately find such talent present amongst us. 2. Technology these days is taken for granted by the youth (for example, the invention of smartphone) which if we see, is a magical object in the human history that kingdoms would have gone to war for. 3. The vital point left out to be discussed is the invention of birth control. Each woman has a right to choose when she wants a child. Birth control is important in overcoming problems such as over population, climate change, etc. We need such essays to give us an insight into how far have we worked and how more do we need to improve in achieving such accomplishments. UN’s intervention in today’s world plays a major role. It has based its foundation on international peace, development and cooperation since the time it was formed. UN and its specialized agencies form a string pillar of the world. Following points enlisted...
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...through time. The United States Federal Government is no different. Throughout the history of the United States, the authority of the Federal Government as grown dramatically. Some may argue the necessity of this growth and some may even pursue a smaller Federal Government in their daily lives. This essay will explore four different periods of time that the Federal Government extended its authority. The Cold War In black and white, grainy letters appear on screen that say, “Fallout, When and how to protect yourself from it”. In the background, beautiful snowflakes fall, representing the nuclear ash that falls after an atomic blast. The scene fades to white, then transitions into a blast, accompanied by a black plume of smoke that reaches the clouds (Defense, 1955). Images like this could sum up the fears and emotions after World War II; the beginning of the Cold War. At the end of World War II, America was the most powerful country in the World. America’s intervention in the war effectively ended it. A major turning point of the war was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This marked the end of the Japanese Empire and the beginning of a new age in the history of Planet Earth. It was the age of the Atomic Bomb. In 1965, American Theoretical Physicist Robert Oppenheimer was quoted on national television saying, “We knew the world would not be the same. A few people laughed, a few people cried. Most people were silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture...
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...requires both immediate and wide-ranging policy interventions. The recent concern with corruption is attributable, not to any substantive increase in corrupt practices, but rather, to the re-framing of corruption in light of broader shifts and transformations within the global economy. The historical context of globalization covers centuries. This paper reviews the types, forms as well as the consequences of corruption. The paper also reviews the issues associated with globalization and the effect it has on the lives of various individuals. It questions the view that, under certain conditions, corruption may enhance efficiency and argues that though corruption may benefit powerful individuals it will indubitably lead to greater inefficiency and a waste of resources at a macro-economic level. Table of Contents ABSTRACT i INTRODUCTION iii BACKGROUND iv Forms of Corruption vi 1.1 Bribery vi 1.2 Theft and fraud vi 1.3 Embezzlement vi 1.4 Nepotism vi 1.5 Conflict of Interest vi 1.6 Favouritism vii Types of Corruption vii 2.1. Grand corruption vii 2.2 Political corruption vii 2.3 Corporate corruption vii 2.4 Administrative corruption vii 2.5 Petty corruption vii 2.6 Systemic corruption vii PROBLEM STATEMENT v LITERATURE REVIEW 1 RESEARCH METHODS AND FINDINGS 5 RESEARCH METHODS 5 FINDINGS 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 INTRODUCTION As a human, consider this planet before the period of commercial and industrial development...
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...2009 Award Winning Essays Organized by Supported by The Goi Peace Foundation UN ESC O Japan Airlines Foreword The International Essay Contest for Young People is one of the peace education programs organized by the Goi Peace Foundation. The annual contest, which started in the year 2000, is a UNESCO/Goi Peace Foundation joint program since 2007. The United Nations has designated 2001-2010 as the "International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World" and 2005-2014 as the "United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development." Not only should young people benefit from these global initiatives, but they should be empowered to play a leading role in them. Each year, the essay contest adopts a theme relevant to building a Culture of Peace and a sustainable future, such as "Respect for life," "Caring for our planet," "Learning to live together," and "The role of media and ICT in building a peaceful world." The theme of the 2009 International Essay Contest for Young People was "The role of science in building a better world." Scientific progress has brought many benefits to humanity, while some applications of science have had adverse impacts. Young people were invited to express their vision for the future of science, and the kind of studies or researches they wish to engage in. 4,506 essay entries were received from as many as 134 countries. This publication contains a total of 16 essays: First Prize, Second Prize and Third Prize...
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...example, overconsumption and what demographic changes have brought about this change. Sociologist Paul Ehrlich studied the figures for birth rates and death rates of developing countries and compared them with food production and malnutrition rates, he concludes that the birth rate ‘must be brought into balance with the death rate or mankind will breed itself into oblivion’. As item A states ‘the developed world consumes 5/6 of the world’s resources and each person in the developed world consumes around 20 times as much as a person in the developing world’, to understand the causes of such figures claimed in item A and the predictions made by Ehrlich, we must look at the demographic causes linked to both population and overconsumption. This essay will assess whether or not overconsumption has in fact become more of a problem than overpopulation to the world’s development and what such sociological views and perspectives support this view, focusing particularly in dependency, modernization and Malthusian views. Firstly we look at the Malthusian view of population growth as an issue; we need to consider the effects of famine on the developing world and how this is linked to the growth of the world’s population. Sociologist Malthus argues that populations rise more quickly than the world’s ability to feed them; and that such limits on food supply would lead to natural checks on population such as famine and malnutrition, this suggests that the developing...
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...Every state on this planet endeavors to develop and make its citizens live a life that is as improved as possible. In order to achieve this endeavor, every state requires some form of guidance. This form of guidance that will lead to an action of improving the lives of people is basically one of the elements contained in a known as public policy. In this vain, this essay is an attempt to define the term policy using examples from education. Furthermore, it will explain why it is necessary that each sphere of public life be enshrined in a public policy. The term Policy is not a precise term. Unfortunately, the term policy is something which takes different forms. There is push to designate policy as the ‘outputs’ of the political system, and in a lesser degree to define public policy as more or less like interdependent policies dealing with many different activities. Studies of public policy areas, on the centrally, have tended to focus on the evaluation of policy decisions in terms of specified values, that is, a rational rather than a political analysis. The magnitude of this problem can be recognized from the other definitions, which have been advanced by scholars in this field. To start with, Policy refers to those plans, positions and guidelines of government which influence decisions by government (e.g., policies in support of sustainable economic development or policies to enhance access to government services by persons with disabilities). In other words, policy is an...
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...not those associated with a state of emergency (Grieve 1959). The response from the services for this event was chaotic as work carried out was not done with thought as to whose function it was. The agencies were overwhelmed by the scale of the incident and the remoteness of the locations cut off by flooding (Delderfield and Carnegie 1969, Grieve 1959). The nature of this incident and similar ones of the day was very much one of miscommunication or lack thereof, an underprepared and equipped set of emergency services and a reliance on military assistance and the actions of civilians (Delderfield and Carnegie 1969, Grieve 1953). The assistance of civilians which are further explained by Grieve(1953) could be attributed to the lack of health and safety culture now prominent in the 21st century and became very much a demonstration of emergent behaviour (dynes 1994, Drabek 1986) and coordinative action (Dynes 1994,...
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...In international business theory there are a number of useful models for the external environment analysis of specific countries. These methods can be applied by companies that aim to internationalise and so to define the right location(s) abroad in terms of institutional as well as cultural fit and success opportunities. Correspondingly, concepts like this also provide insightful information for explaining the location choices which organisations have already made. One such framework is the so called Diamond Model introduced by Michael Porter in 1990. This essay tries to determine its advantages and disadvantages as a tool for the examination of firm‟s home and host location decisions by focusing on two major MNEs: the world‟s second-largest high-street retailer –French Carrefour and UK‟s famous Marks & Spencer Porter s Diamond Model(1990: 73) argues that “nation‟s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade” and therefore is determined by a nation‟s level of productivity. From an organisational perspective this means that national competitive advantage depends on the nations ability to provide a home base for companies to sustainably improve their products and services in terms of quality, features, technology and so to successfully compete in highly productive industries internationally. Hence, the advantage of the framework is that it identifies four important, interrelated factors that create and illustrate the essential national environment...
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...lifelong cycle of poor nutrition, illness, poverty and inequity. The damage to physical and cognitive development, especially during the first two years of a child’s life, is largely irreversible. A child’s poorer school performance results in future income reductions of up to 22 per cent on average. As adults, they are also at increased risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) period from birth to two years of age is the “critical window” for the promotion of good growth, health, and behavioral and cognitive developmentmothers are empowered to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth, breastfeed exclusively for the first six months and continue to breastfeed for two years or more, together with nutritionally adequate, safe, age appropriate, responsive complementary feeding starting at six months. Maternal nutrition is also important for ensuring good nutrition status of the infant as well as safeguarding women's health. . The Deadly Opposition to Genetically Modified Food Vitamin A deficiency has killed 8 million kids in the last 12 years. Help is finally on the way. By Bjørn Lomborg nally, after a 12-year delay caused by opponents of genetically modified foods, so-called “golden rice” with vitamin A will be grown in the Philippines. Over those 12 years, about 8 million children worldwide died from vitamin A deficiency. Are anti-GM advocates not partly responsible? Golden rice is the most prominent example...
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...The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature William Cronon This will seem a heretical claim to many environmentalists, since the idea of wilderness has for decades been a fundamental tenet-indeed, a passionof the environmental movement, especially in the United States. For many Americans wilderness stands as the last remaining place where civilization, that all too human disease, has not fully infected the earth. It is an island in the polluted sea of urban-industrial modernity, the one place we can turn for escape from our own too-muchness. Seen in this way, wilderness presents itself as the best antidote to our human selves, a refuge we must somehow recover if we hope to save the planet. As Henry David Thoreau once famously declared, “In Wildness is the preservation of the World.“’ But is it? The more one knows of its peculiar history, the more one realizes that wilderness is not quite what it seems. Far from being the one place on earth that stands apart from humanity, it is quite profoundly a human creation-indeed, the creation of very particular human cultures at very particular moments in human history. It is not a pristine sanctuary where the last remnant of an untouched, endangered, but still transcendent nature can for at least a little while longer be encountered without the contaminating taint of civilization. Instead, it is a product of that civilization, and could hardly be contaminated by the very stuff of which it is made...
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...Wednesday, April 9, 2014 PSY/460 - WEEK ONE SHORT ANSWER Environmental psychology is likely to be a new field for you, although many of the concepts are probably familiar. Provide your own definition of the discipline. Discuss an important milestone or influence in the development of environmental psychology and provide reasoning as to why you chose this one. Environmental psychology is a branch of psychology that studies how the environment affects individuals, and vice-verse. There is a reciprocal relationship between people and the environment they live in, as they both affect each other. The relationship between nature and the human species has been an object of study for many decades, and understanding this relationship can help individuals learn about the importance of conserving and maintaining the world that supports them (Steg, 2013). The environment provides humans with food, water, air, and all the other necessities individuals need to survive, even if, in a world dominated by technology and progress, it is easy to forget that one way or another, everything we need to survive comes from the earth. Environmental psychology focuses not only on the physical influences humans and environment have on each other, but also in which ways nature affects individuals’ behaviors. One important aspect of this discipline is the belief that people’s behaviors are not determined solely by the environment (Steg, 2013). Most psychologists in this area believe in free will...
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...W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children w U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies Wo m e n ’s C o m m i s s i o n f o r R e f u g e e Wo m e n & C h i l d r e n N e w Yo r k W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children Copyright © January 2000 by Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58030-000-6 Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children 122 East 42nd Street New York, NY 10168-1289 tel. 212.551.3111 or 3088 fax. 212.551.3180 e-mail: wcrwc@intrescom.org www.intrescom.org/wcrwc.html w cover photographs © Rachel K. Jones, Marc Sommers, Sarah Samson, Holly Myers, Anne-Sophie Rosette, International Rescue Committee M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children seeks to improve the lives of refugee women and children through a vigorous program of public education and advocacy, and by acting as a technical resource. The Commission, founded in 1989 under the auspices of the International Rescue Committee, is the only organization in the United States dedicated solely to speaking out on behalf of women and children uprooted by armed conflict or persecution. Acknowledgments The Women’s Commission expresses its sincere...
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...ACT/SAT T EST Preparation and Practice Workbook Grateful acknowledgment is given to authors, publishers, and agents for permission to reprint the following copyrighted material. Every effort has been made to determine copyright owners. In case of any omissions, the Publisher will be pleased to make suitable acknowledgments in future editions. Excerpt from The Mystery of Comets by Fred L. Whipple. Copyright © 1985 by Smithsonian Institution. Reprinted by permission. Excerpt from Freedom’s Children: Young Civil Rights Activists Tell Their Own Stories, by Ellen Levine. Copyright © 1993 by G.P. Putnam’s Sons. Reprinted by permission of Penguin Putnam. Excerpt from New Essays on the Psychology of Art by Rudolf Arnheim. Copyright © 1986, University of California Press. Reprinted by permission. Excerpt from The Natural History of Cats by Claire Necker. Copyright © 1970, A.S. Barnes and Co., Inc. Reprinted by permission. Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN-13: 978-0-07-876567-4 ISBN-10: 0-07-876567-6 Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 021 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 ACT/SAT Test Preparation and Practice ...
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