...Currently in my family my mother and my grandmother both have osteoporosis. “Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bone, decreasing its strength and resulting in fragile bones” ("Osteoporosis", 2012). Osteoporosis can cause bones to break very easily. All it takes is the slightest accident and you can end up with a fracture or a complete break. The spine, hips, ribs and wrists are the most common bones broken because of this disorder. All of these most often are a result in a fall, but can happen at any point during a slight trauma. Currently there is about 55% of the population over the age of 50 that have osteoporosis or osteopenia. ("Osteoporosis", 2012) “One in two Caucasian women will fracture a bone due to osteoporosis in her lifetime”. ("Osteoporosis", 2012) Lack of exercise, poor nutrition and poor general health, family history of osteoporosis, thin and small body frame, smoking and drinking are just some of the risk factors for osteoporosis. I currently have all of those risks against me. There are four of the above risks that I can change on my own in order to prevent getting osteoporosis myself. Lack of exercise, poor nutrition, smoking and drinking are the four that I can change. The four goals that I have chosen are to stop smoking, stop drinking, to eat healthier than I have been, and to exercise more. The first goal I intend to take on is to stop smoking. Currently, I am taking a prescribed medication in order...
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...Drug-Induced Osteoporosis: A Review of Medications That Affect Bone Mineral Density Drug-induced osteoporosis is common and may result in significant morbidity and mortality for patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined osteoporosis as bone density less than 2.5 standard deviations (SD) of the mean gender-matched, young healthy population (T-score at or below -2.5). Osteopenia is defined as loss of bone with T-score between -1 and -2.5.1 Many drugs have the potential to decrease bone mineral density (BMD). TABLE 1 lists the agents discussed in this lesson. Most of the disease states that are treated with these drugs also predispose the patient to low BMD, so the medication may be adversely affecting an already compromised bone structure.2 The most significant consequence of low BMD is a fracture.3 [pic] Bones provide support for movement, protect vital organs, and are the largest repository for calcium and other minerals.3 Ninety percent of the body's calcium is in the skeleton.4 Bone is constantly being remodeled, with old bone being resorbed and new bone forming.4,5 The rate of annual calcium turnover is 100% in infants and 18% in adults. The cycle of bone resorption and consequent formation is approximately 100 days.4 Process of Bone Remodeling Bone remodeling is a complex, highly orchestrated process involving the balance of many factors. The cycle of bone remodeling occurs in stages, beginning with the formation of osteoclasts, bone resorption (by osteoclasts)...
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...Diseases and Disorders Leukemia The cause of most human leukemia is unknown. It is a kind of cancer in which abnormal white blood cells multiply in an uncontrolled manner. they interfere with the production of normal white blood cells. Leukemia affects the production of red blood cells. Bursitis Bursitis is a disorder that causes pain in the body's joints. It most commonly affects the shoulder and hip joints. It is caused by an inflammation of the bursa, small fluid-filled bags that act as lubricating surfaces for muscles to move over bones. This inflammation usually results from overactivity of an arm or leg. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease resulting in the loss of bone tissue. In osteoporosis, the cancellous bone loses calcium, becomes thinner, and may disappear altogether. Sprains A sprain is an injury to a ligament or to the tissue that covers a joint. Most sprains result from a sudden wrench that stretches or tears the tissues of the ligaments. A sprain is usually extremely painful. The injured part often swells and turns black and blue. Fractures A fracture is a broken bone. These are some common kinds of fractures: - closed, open, multiple, comminuted, greenstick and spiral Spina bifida Spina bifida is a spinal defect that is present at birth. In spina bifida, the spinal cord does not form properly and the vertebrae and skin cannot form around it. Spina bifida...
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...Running Head: ORTHOPEDIC and MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IEP 1 Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders IEP Cynthia Read Grand Canyon University: SPE-573 July 24, 2013 Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders IEP 2 Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders IEP Introduction Orthopedic impairments consist of a broad variety of pupils that have a need for special education because of the impact that the orthopedic impairment has caused with their performance at school. Deficiencies might consist of inborn abnormalities, and origins from other disorders like breaks, losing body extremities, and cerebral palsy (Heller, 2001). Pupils with bone disorders seldom are in regular classrooms. This paper evaluates an orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder along with an advocated educational intervention: Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Musculoskeletal Disorders Bottom of Form Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as the “brittle bone” disorder. It is an inherited disease where a person’s bones are broken with no problem. Almost all incidences of osteogenesis imperfecta are triggered by a domineering chromosomal imperfection. A lot of the population of kids that have osteogenesis imperfecta were born with this disease and they received it from one or both of their parents and other children that have this disease have no idea how or why they got it because no one in their family has had this ailment. There are four types of osteogenesis imperfecta that researchers have identified...
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...Radio Ad Script Thank you for listening to 92.3 the FOX… and now to our announcements: Do you ever wake up and think about your musculoskeletal system. Many of us don’t.... arthritis can be a part of not having a good skeletal system. Risk factors include age, joint injuries such as falls or sport playing, obesity, family history and sex. Females tend to have more problems than men.... Want to make sure we can have a healthy skeletal system as we get older.... then listen to this: Remember your mother telling you to always stand straight? Or if you were in the military how your drill sergeant would make you stand straight? Now that we are older in age, if we didn’t listen we sure our paying for it now. Our musculoskeletal system is our overall body and if we didn’t before, we need to take care of it now. There are many factors that we can take into consideration for healthy musculoskeletal system.... such as nutrition. Calcium is something we need. We can get this from green leafy vegetable and dairy. We can avoid the loss of calcium by avoiding sodas and coffee. We can also take vitamin d, magnesium and omega 3. Want to keep it natural. Yoga never sounded so good. Regular exercise and stretching such as yoga also helps us keep it healthy. So next time you walk buy and look at the yoga classes and laugh, just keep in mind that their musculoskeletal system is staying healthy. References Health-choices-for-life.com. Care and Feeding of the Musculoskeletal...
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...Webster's dictionary defines exercise as bodily activity for the sake of health. Many people in today's society are health conscious. They know that if you exercise you will be helping the body feel better. It will also improve your health. This article explains the benefits of regular exercise. WebMD states that regular physical activity can help the body maintain, repair, and improve itself. Coronary heart disease is one of the leading problems for most people. If brisk walking, running, cycling or swimming is done it increase muscle strength of the heart. A study of older male runners showed that many of them had heart rates to that of a younger runner. As a person gets older the bones begin to get weaker and this leads to Osteoporosis. Regular exercise can keep the bones strong. This allows for new bone growth. Many of my patients at my job have bone loss because they are confined to the bed for long periods of time. However, bone mass can be regained with exercise. That is why it is important to have Physical Therapy as a part of long hospitals visits. According to research, with age the body loses it ability to use glucose properly, which result in adult diabetes. With regular exercise the body will be able to control level of natural body made insulin. This help keep glucose levels at a normal level. There are many people who suffer from obesity. One of my current patients weighed 402 lbs. With a regular diet and exercise she has lost 56 lbs in the last...
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...Introduction: ¬Periodontium accredit to the specialized tissues that surround and support the teeth, and maintains them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. Periodontium is the anatomic assemblage of tissue, investing and supporting the tooth. The word comes from the Greek terms peri-, means "around" and -odons, means "tooth."1 In actual sense it means that which is "around the tooth". It provides the abutment all-important to advance teeth in function. The capital functions of periodontium is it provides attachment of teeth to the bone and to one another, adjustment to the changes due to ageing and wear, defense against noxious substances in oral cavity, resistance towards masticatory forces. It consists of four arch apparatus namely: gingival, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone proper (Figure 1). Each of these apparatus is distinct in location, architecture, and biochemical properties which adapt during the life activity of the structure.1 In simple agreement “inflammation around the tooth” means periodontitis. It is a genuine gum infection that amends the soft and hard tissues that supports the tooth. Periodontitis is as-well accepted as Pyorrhea. Periodontitis involves accelerating loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth, and if left untreated, can lead to the loosening and subsequent loss of teeth. Oral cavity is full of bacteria. These bacterial forth with mucus and other particles along with poor oral hygiene leads to formation and accumulation of sticky...
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...Osteoporosis P1 Explanation of the condition Osteoporosis is a bone condition in which the bones become very brittle and weak, usually from a lack of vitamin D and calcium in the bones. Osteoporosis increases the risk of a bone fracture. It is a condition that affects almost 3 million people who live in the UK. Over 300,00 people who have osteoporosis are in hospital every year from fractures caused by osteoporosis. (http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Osteoporosis/Pages/Introduction.aspx/accessed on 13th December 2015) https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRlYCA4Mm1Mtu_adX98fE_fTtEqOFOmKhbEwE-Jvl4kOE2Tj03cjg Causes of the physiological disorder When we are children, our bones tend to grow and repair very easily but this works but the density of our bones continues until we reach our late twenties or early thirties. Then our bone density will start to decrease. Bone loss tends to happen when women start the menopause because they stop getting their periods. When women stop getting their periods, the level of oestrogen in their body stops and people need it in their body to have healthy bones. This means women are more likely than men to develop osteoporosis or suffer from a fracture. In men, it has been known that the risk of them developing osteoporosis relates to the low levels of testosterone in their bodies which they need for healthy bones. Although bone loss is the main cause of osteoporosis, there are many other factors that increase your risk of developing...
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...Annotated Bibliography PubMed Health (2013). Osteoporosis – Overview: thin bones, low bone density. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubhealth/PMH0001400/ This source gives a detailed and comprehensive discussion of Osteoporosis, the general knowledge of the causes, effects of this illness. It further outlines the awareness of it and throws more light on the importance of protecting ourselves as much as possible from this disease. It gives a broader insight on Symptoms and treatment of Osteoporosis. Dolbow, D. R., & Gorgey, A. S. (2013). Non-Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis. Clinical Kinesiology (Online Edition), 67(2), 5-9. It states ways and means an individual may stop Osteoporosis and also how to manage it medication free with a main emphasis on improving best of life for patients. The writer focuses hugely on the fact that the development and severity of the illness can change depending on life style choices and regular examinations and tests are vital. Most relevant procedures in stopping and managing osteoporosis are going for x-rays and scans once a while, periodic exercises or training, good choice of food, taking calcium and vitamin D properly, sunlight exposure, and putting an end to drinking and smoking. Habibzadeh, N. (2010). Preventing Osteoporosis among Underweight and Obese Sedentary Young Women. Baltic Journal Of Health & Physical Activity, 2(2), 97-103. The study is use to test the effects of walking...
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...Broken bones can happen in numerous ways. A slip and fall, an auto accident, or sports injuries are some of the top causes. Any time an outside force is applied with great impact, a broken bone may occur. Depending on the severity of the break, fracture surgery may be needed to help in the healing process. Different Types of Fractures Each type of fracture is different and unique. An expert orthopedic doctor will be able to determine if fracture surgery will be needed. Each individual patient will have specific needs in helping the bones to heal properly. • Stable or straight fracture barely causes the bone to be out of alignment. • An open, compound fracture is creates a wound in the area. Depending on the impact, the bone may or may not be noticeable through the wounded area. • Transverse fracture creates a horizontal break line. • Angle pattern is formed when the impacts creates an oblique fracture. • Severe breaks causing the bone to shatter into three or more pieces is known as a comminuted fracture. Fracture surgery is necessary in repairing this type of injury. Why Fracture Surgery? In order to return range of motion and repair the broken bones, fracture surgery may be the best option to ensure proper healing. In some cases, the pain and swelling surrounding the fracture may be overwhelming. Repairing the damage will start the process to ease the painful symptoms and promote faster healing. How is Fracture Surgery Done? Depending on the degree of injury, fracture...
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...Osteomalacia Osteomalacia is a condition in which bones are poorly mineralized and includes a number of disorders. The word osteomalacia literally means soft bones (osteo = bones; malacia = soft). Poor bone mineralization means that calcium salts are not properly deposited after production of the osteoid. Osteoid is the organic portion of bone before mineralization. It is composed of collagenous fibers and amorphous ground substance. Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus are all needed for mineralization and bone strength. The absence of these three predisposes the development of osteomalacia. There are several causes of osteomalacia although the most common cause is vitamin D deficiency. The deficiency may be, in part, due to lack of sunlight exposure, poor diet, inhibition of mineralization, hypophosphatemia, and abnormal vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D is the key to calcium absorption within the intestines. Calcium absorption maintains efficient serum calcium and phosphate concentration necessary for correct bone mineralization. Sun exposure to the skin is responsible for most vitamin D, while 20% is nutritional intake. Irregularities in vitamin D metabolism may be genetic or acquired. Some medications can cause poor mineralization and those taking those medications should be followed closely to ensure that this does not occur. Although all geographical locations have an at-risk population, people who live near the equator where significant sunlight occurs are less like likely...
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...Nearly 450 people in the United States are diagnosed with primary bone cancer. Primary bone cancer is known to be rare but is also aggressive and leaves survivors with challenging disabilities. Primary bone cancer can affect any age, but is most common in young ages of fourteen years old up to twenty-four years old. The most known types of bone cancer are oseosarcoma, chondroma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. It typically takes up to sixteen weeks between a patient first noticing symptoms and diagnosis. The Bone Cancer Research Trust advises healthcare professionals to look for various symptoms. One of the main symptoms is bone pain described as coming and going at first, then eventually becoming persistent, especially at night....
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...Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a connective tissue disease that cause bone to form in muscle, tendons, ligaments, and other connecting tissue. This also causes your joints to become locked and permanently immobile. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a very rare disease that it affects only one in two million people and there is only 800 known cases in the whole world. This disease is congenital, meaning this disease starts before birth, however the extra bone does not form before birth. It doesn’t matter what your race, ethnicity, or gender is, scientists don’t exactly know why people get this disease. So watch out, you may have it. There are many symptoms of Fibrodysplasia ossificans...
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...Bone marrow produces red & white blood cells to help fight infection. The production of blood cells is called ‘hemopoeitic activity.’ Bone marrow does this because red blood cells are an important component of blood. Their role is to supply the muscles with oxygen which allows you to do more exercise The tissues in bones contain many vital minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. When the body is in need of these minerals the bone will subsequently give out these minerals into the blood which eliminates the need for these minerals. It’s important your body gets these essential minerals as they help your body to repair and grow. If you did exercise without sufficient amounts of these minerals your body will struggle to cope.BONE GROWTH Osteoblasts are cells found in the bone marrow, and are used in the forming of a new bone. They’re also used during the decay of bone matrix. Osteoclasts are in charge of decaying bones. Epiphyseal plates are situated at the end of a long bone. It’s their job to allow growth in the bone, thus enabling long bones to extend and the person grows to their full potential. Once they’ve reached this point the plate is turned into something called the ‘Epiphyseal line’. A fixed joint means it doesn’t allow the 2 bones attached to move. A hard fibre which doesn’t allow any movement holds the 2 bones together. This is also known as a fibrous joint. An example of a fixed joint would be your skull. When you’re first born the bones haven’t fully formed together...
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...Osteoarthritis is a one of the most common forms of arthritis. It is known as a disease of the joints which “affects approximately 27 million Americans” (Arthritis Foundation). Osteoarthritis commonly affects joints in your hand, knees, back and hips but does not affect any of your organ. This disease gradually breaks down the cartilage in your joints, so when you move your bones rub against one another causing permeant damage to them. My mother and maternal grandma both have Osteoarthritis. For my mom, Osteoarthritis affects her joints in her arms and for my grandma it affects her joints around her knees, hips and back. According to the Arthritis Foundation, “although osteoarthritis was long believed to be caused by the “wear and tear” of joints over time,” scientist have found that there are many factors such as- age, genes, being overweight, injury, overuse put you more at risk to having Osteoarthritis. The older you are the more risk you have at developing Osteoarthritis. The reason seems to be unknown, but women tend to develop Osteoarthritis more than men. If you are overweight and had other joint injuries you are more in risk of developing Osteoarthritis. Another cause for developing Osteoarthritis is because it can be hereditary. The causes of Osteoarthritis seem to be more genetic rather than due to one’s bad behaviors. Since there is a possibility that I might develop Osteoarthritis, I need to find ways to prevent it. One thing I should always focus on is maintaining...
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