...quote is similar to another "I know just enough to be dangerous". Again this means in some areas you may need to take precautions to stay out of danger. The way I see It is some people will think they understand a subject fully, when in reality they only know an imperceptible amount. They will then use their minimal knowledge, perhaps developing an ongoing thirst for knowledge for themselves causing a calamitous effect waiting to happen. An example to demonstrate this is Marie Curie's situation. Curie knew that she was in search for Radium and she knew how to isolate it however, she wasn’t aware of the consequences of working with radioactive substances for a long period of time. This eventually led to the disastrous effect of aplastic anemia. There weren't any safety measures during her time. Curie's incomplete knowledge of Radium had caused her to die. There are numerous factors that determine whether or not learning is a dangerous thing. Perhaps a little knowledge may benefit some people. For example abecedarian knowledge of first aid is vital when you are in a situation with somebody who has an injured leg. You may not be trained professional but inherent knowledge could save a life. Another example is basic NHS leaflets. The NHS publish leaflets with simple information about a whole range of diseases. The main objective is to know the few symptoms of a life threatening condition. Once an individual (with no previous medical training) is aware of these symptoms...
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...Transition to Professional Nursing Practice NUR 230 Research Article Review The authors DeMille, Deming, Lupinacci, and Jacobs published the research article entitled, “The Effect of the Neutropenic Diet in the Outpatient Setting: A Pilot Study” The authors aim was to discover if prescribing a neutropenic diet to patients receiving care in an outpatient setting was beneficial in reducing fevers in those patients. They also sought to find out how compliant these patients would be with a neutropenic diet and what the resulting number of positive blood cultures for gram-negative rods would be among the participants using or not using the diet. This article was interesting to me because I did a case study on patient with severe aplastic anemia with resulting pancytopenia, who was also being administered the immune suppressant, Cyclosporine. This patient was severely immune compromised and part of his neutropenic precautions was a neutropenic diet. This diet was easy to provide while he was hospitalized but I was curious about when a patient is discharged do they still follow the strict diet? This article gave me some answers and some insight to my questions. This study of the effects of a neutropenic diet in outpatients was geared toward patients who had neutropenia, the study defines neutropenia as an “absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of less than 1,000/mm3” (DeMille, 2006). The study criteria required patients who were between the ages of 18 to 70 years old who would...
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...Aplastic anemia Definition Aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells. The condition, per its name, involves both aplasia and anemia. Typically, anemia refers to low red blood cell counts, but aplastic anemia patients have lower counts of all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, termed pancytopenia. Causes Congenital or inherited causes Congenital or inherited causes of aplastic anemia (20%) include the following: • Patients usually have dysmorphic features or physical stigmata; on occasion, marrow failure may be the initial presenting feature. • Fanconi anemia • Dyskeratosis congenita • Cartilage-hair hypoplasia • Pearson syndrome • Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (thrombocytopenia-absent radius [TAR] syndrome) • Shwachman-Diamond syndrome • Dubowitz syndrome • Diamond-Blackfan syndrome • Familial aplastic anemia Acquired causes Acquired causes of aplastic anemia (80%) include the following: • Idiopathic factors • Infectious causes, such as hepatitis viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), parvovirus, and mycobacteria • Toxic exposure to radiation and chemicals, such as benzene • Transfusional GVHD • Orthotopic liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis • Pregnancy • Eosinophilic fasciitis Drugs and elements, such as chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone, and gold, may cause aplasia of the marrow. ...
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...spherocytosis d) thalassemia e) lipid deficiency A 2. 67 yo homeless, white male patient was brought to ED by local EMTs. Pts stuporous, HR: 120, regular BP: 160/90 and RR: 10 non-labored. While inspecting the patient, you notice upper extremity peripheral jaundice, rosacea, finger clubbing and rhinophyma. On futher exam, JVD and LE edema is visible with palpable splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. As a part of your work up, you order a CBC with diff, which reveals normocytic, hypochromic red cells and a decreased reticulocyte count. Your CBC work up reveals the patient's likely cause of anemia. ANSWER: alcoholic with anemia of chronic disease. 3. Pregnant 28 year old female brought into the ER by her husband because she was exhibiting neuro symptoms of stupor, bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain. On further observation patient is in renal failure, has microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and severe HTN. You ran labs on your patient and discovered she has low thrombocytes, low haptoglobin, high reticulocyte count, high LDH and creatinine, schistocytes on peripheral smear. What would you diagnose the patient with? Answer: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 4. 20 year old male presents to his pcp with a HB level of 17g. after 2 weeks later the patient follows up with his pcp with a HB level is 14g. upon running lab tests his reticulocyte count is increased, unconjugated bilirubin is increased, lactate dehydrogenase is increased, haptoglobin is decreased, and urine hemoglobin...
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...Cells Blood disorders that affect red blood cells include: Anemia: People with anemia have a low number of red blood cells. Mild anemia often causes no symptoms. More severe anemia can causefatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath with exertion. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron is necessary for the body to make red blood cells. Low iron intake and loss of blood due to menstruation are the most common causes of iron-deficiency anemia. Treatment includes iron pills, or rarely, blood transfusion. Anemia of chronic disease: People with chronic kidney disease or other chronic diseases tend to develop anemia. Anemia of chronic disease does not usually require treatment. Injections of a synthetic hormone (Epogen, Procrit) to stimulate the production of blood cells or blood transfusions may be necessary in some people with this form of anemia. Pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency): An autoimmune condition that prevents the body from absorbing enough B12 in the diet. Besides anemia, nerve damage (neuropathy) can eventually result. High doses of B12 prevent long-term problems. Aplastic anemia: In people with aplastic anemia, the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells, including red blood cells. A viral infection, drug side effect, or an autoimmune condition can cause aplastic anemia. Medications, blood transfusions, and even a bone marrow transplant, may be required to treat aplastic anemia. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: In people with this condition, an overactive immune system...
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...Demographics The exact number of people in any country with anemia is difficult to determine because the disorder often goes undiagnosed. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), anemia affects more than 3 million Americans. Other sources estimate that 4% of men and 8% of women in the general populations of Canada, the United States, and Western Europe have mild anemia. It is thought that the rates of anemia are 2-5 times higher in the developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iron deficiency is the most important nutritional disorder in the world. WHO, estimates that 80% of the world's population may be iron deficient. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among the geriatric population is estimated at 5-15%. Although the prevalence of anemia is greater in women than men aged less than 75, by age 75, male prevalence surpasses female prevalence by about 5%. Anemia can be mild, moderate, or severe enough to lead to life-threatening complications. More than 400 different types of anemia have been identified, many of which are rare. Iron deficiency anemia The onset of iron deficiency anemia is gradual and, at first, there may not be any symptoms. The deficiency begins when the body loses more iron than it derives from food and other sources. Because depleted iron stores cannot meet the red blood cell's needs, fewer red blood cells develop. In this early stage of anemia, the red blood cells look normal but they are reduced...
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...Anemia is a condition which occurs when there is not enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells (RBC) and binds oxygen. If there is not enough hemoglobin, the cells in the body do not receive enough oxygen what can cause anemia. Anemia is one of the most common diseases of the blood. Increased risk of anemia relates to women, children and people with chronic diseases. The major cause of anemia is deficiency of iron. There is a variety of reasons causes anemia,such as : * Certain clinical effects, like bleeding from the intestine or gut * Coeliac and Crohn’s disease * Pregnancy * Heavy menstrual periods * Thalassaemia * Leukaemia * Bone marrow problems * Kidney failure * Rheumatoid arthritis * Hormonal troubles * Improper diet * Surgery * Injury or accident Most common symptom of anemia is weakness and fatigue. Person who is anemic can find it hard to do some activities that need physical strength ,and even into normal chores. The other symptoms and signs which can help in recognizing anemia are: * Palpitations * Cold hands and feet * Memory loss * Altered taste * Depression * Low blood pressure * Shortness of breath * Pale and dull skin * Sore gums and throat The main aim in treating anemia is rebuilding the supply of red blood cells in the body. To achieve this level we can incorporate different diet supplements...
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...breathed out. Platelets are to clot blood. They stop blood from flowing if a body part is cut. Plasma, red blood cells and platelets help the body run efficiently. If there is a problem with any one of these, the following scenarios may occur. Lily a 4 year old Caucasian female has iron deficiency anemia. Lily is only eating bread, pasta and hotdogs and she drinks only artificial fruit punch. Anemia is when the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Your body will make red blood cells that are too small or fewer red blood cells if your body does not have enough iron. This is called iron deficiency anemia. This is the most common anemia. Red blood cells bring oxygen to the body’s tissues. Healthy red blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Iron is a key part of red blood cells. Without iron the blood cannot carry oxygen effectively. Your body normally gets iron through your diet and by reusing iron from old red blood cells (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Iron rich foods include chicken and turkey, eggs, fish, soybeans, whole grain bread, oatmeal, raisins spinach and other greens. In order for Lily and other patients to prevent iron deficiency anemia they should always get enough iron in their diets. If you aren’t getting enough iron through your diet, you should take and iron supplement. Another blood disorder is sickle...
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...Anemia There are more than 3.5 million people in the United States who suffer from blood deficiency. This is the statistic of the Wrong Diagnosis website. Maybe our days are so busy that we hardly have time for one of the three main meals of the day and perhaps we commonly stay up late at night trying to finish homework or trying to advance work for the next day, we feel stressed, weak and/or exhausted. The point is that we are losing a lot of energy and we do not do anything to help to replace it, so our body does not produce enough red blood cells. All of these can lead to that famous, so common and dangerous disease, Anemia. According to the National Anemia Action Council, “Anemia occurs when you have a below-normal level of hemoglobin or hematocrit. Anemia can be a temporary or long-term disease, and can range from mild to severe. If you have mild anemia, there may be no symptoms or only mild symptoms, but severe anemia can result in a major impact on the quality of life”. In other words, it can also be defined as the lack of red blood cells in our body. In the following report, I am going to give a more clear explanation about what is Anemia and I am going to focus on 6 important factors about the disease which will help clarify the understanding of it. This report will be developed in the next order: Definition, Classification, Types, Causes, and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Cure besides other relevant information. I hope to be clear and direct with the...
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...Cell Anemia is the most common form of The Sickle Cell Disease Introduction 1. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. 2. Sickle cell anemia is the most common form of sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is a serious disorder in which the body makes sickle shaped red blood cells. “Sickle shaped” means that the red blood cells are shaped like a crescent according to www.nhlbi.gov 3. According to www.genome.gov approximately 80,000 americans have the disease. In the U.S. sickle cell disease is the most prevalent among Africans americans. About 1 in 12 African americans and about 1 in 100 Hispanic americans carry the sickle cell trait. Which means they are carriers of the disease. 4. When Sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can reach that part of the body. Tissue that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the complications of sickle cell disease. There is currently no universal cure for sickle cell disease. According to www.sicklecelldisease.org. Today, we will be talking about it`s symptoms and treatments 1. What are the symptoms of sickle cell disease A. According to kids health.org for a person to be diagnosed with the sickle cell disease they must have the following 1. Most kids with sickle cell disease have some degree od anemia and might develop one or more of the following conditions and symptoms as part of the disorder. A. Aplastic Crisis-...
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...Addison’s Disease Addisonian Anemia Albright’s Syndrome Alport’s Syndrome Alzheimer’s Argyll-Robertson Pupil Arnold-Chiari Malformation Barrett’s Bartter’s Syndrome Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy Bell’s Palsy Berger’s Disease Bernard-Soulier Disease Berry Aneurysm Bowen’s Disease Brill-Zinsser Disease Briquet’s Syndrome Broca’s Aphasia Brown-Sequard Bruton’s Disease Budd-Chiari Buerger’s Disease Burkitt’s Lymphoma Caisson Disease Chagas’ Disease Chediak-Higashi Disease Conn’s Syndrome Cori’s Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Crohn’s Curling’s Ulcer Cushing’s Cushing’s Ulcer de Quervain’s Thyroiditis Primary adrenocortical deficiency Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells → ↓IF → ↓Vit B12 → megaloblastic anemia) Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness Progressive dementia • Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral) • “Prostitute’s Eye” – accommodates but does not react • Pathognomonic for 3°Syphilis • Lesion pretectal region of superior colliculus Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (↑ risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux Hyperreninemia Similar to Duchenne, but less severe (mutation, not a deficiency, in dystrophin protein) CNVII palsy (entire face; recall...
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...Anemia Anemia is a condition in which you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues. Having anemia may make you feel exhausted. There are many forms of anemia, each with its own cause. Anemia can be temporary or long term, and it can range from mild to severe. See your doctor if you suspect you have anemia, because anemia can be a sign of serious illnesses. Treatments for anemia range from taking supplements to undergoing medical procedures. You may be able to prevent some types of anemia by eating a healthy, varied diet. Symptoms Signs and symptoms vary depending on the cause of your anemia, but may include: * Fatigue * Pale skin * A fast or irregular heartbeat * Shortness of breath * Chest pain * Dizziness * Cognitive problems * Cold hands and feet * Headache Initially, anemia can be so mild it goes unnoticed. But signs and symptoms increase as anemia worsens. Causes Anemia occurs when your blood doesn't have enough red blood cells. This could result if: 1. Your body doesn't make enough red blood cells 2. Bleeding causes you to lose red blood cells more quickly than they can be replaced 3. Your body destroys red blood cells Risk factors 1. A diet lacking in certain vitamins. Choosing a diet that is consistently low in iron, vitamin B-12 and folate increases your risk of anemia. 2. Menstruation 3. Pregnancy 4. Chronic conditions. For example...
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...To Do List 5/8/12 M.G. Goal 2: Resident will become self reliant with medication Resident will identify pills by color and learn the purpose - Invega- Light pink in color, small oval in size with pal 9 on it. Paliperidone is used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia (a mental illness that causes disturbed or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions). Paliperidone is in a class of medications called atypical antipsychotics - Levothyroxine- Light blue in color tiny oval in size with LG and M written on it. Levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone, is used to treat hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Without this hormone, the body cannot function properly, resulting in: poor growth; slow speech; lack of energy; weight gain; hair loss; dry, thick skin; and increased sensitivity to cold. - Asprin- Yellow in color, small round in size with a triangle stamped on it. Aspirin is in a group of medications called salicylates. It works by stopping the production of certain natural substances that cause fever, pain, swelling, and blood clots. - Amlodipine- White in color medium round in size with g 1540 and 10 written on it. Amlodipine is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina). Amlodipine is in a class of medications called calcium channel blockers. It lowers blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels...
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...smoking tobacco. Whatever the cause may be health is extremely important and sometimes people don’t realize that until it’s too late. Some health issues that people in the United States face are anemia, Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure, and Kidney Disease. Anemia is a lack of healthy blood cells in a person’s body. Your bone marrow is what makes red blood cells and red blood cells carry oxygen to all of your organs and tissues. The bad thing about not having healthy red blood cells is if you do not have enough healthy red blood cells, your organs and tissues may not get enough oxygen. This can make you feel extremely weak and tired. There are many causes for anemia such as excessive blood loss, excessive cell destruction (hemolysis) or deficient red blood cell production anemia. Symptoms for anemia include fatigue (tiredness), lethargy (a feeling of laziness), malaise (a vague feeling that one is not well), dyspnea (shortness of breath), poor concentration, palpitations (unpleasant irregular and or forceful beating of the heart) and lastly sensitivity to coldness. There are some other symptoms that are less common but are still symptoms that may be overlooked. A person is diagnosed with Anemia through blood test and a series of questions asked by the doctor to determine if Anemia is what you’re suffering from. The questions asked will deal with one’s diet, medical history and even the medical history of your...
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...EVALUACIÓN PREANESTÉSICA DEL PACIENTE Y RIESGO ANESTÉSICO Dr. Raúl Sánchez Nodarse. “Por cada error que se comete por no saber, se cometen cien por no observar” Introducción. La evaluación preanestésica del paciente constituye el paso más importante en el proceso de anestesia, es precisamente en ella donde recae el éxito de la misma, es por eso que quien pretenda anestesiar bien debe dominar los procedimientos semiológicos que le permitan hacer una aproximación diagnóstica adecuada, para poder elegir el método anestésico apropiado según el caso en cuestión. Tiene como propósito identificar la existencia de anormalidades en los sistemas orgánicos y caracterizar la severidad del problema. Esta información debe obtenerse a partir de la aplicación de los procedimientos semiológicos, que incluyen: • Minucioso interrogatorio (Reseña y Anamnesis). • Examen Físico General. • Examen Físico Especial o por Sistemas, haciendo énfasis en sistema cardiovascular, respiratorio, urinario, digestivo (función hepática) y nervioso. • Exámenes Complementarios (hemogramas, química sanguínea, orina, radiografías, ecografías, etc.) El funcionamiento inadecuado de alguno de estos sistemas puede influir de forma negativa en la respuesta del paciente al estrés de la anestesia general y de la cirugía. Si la naturaleza de las alteraciones preexistentes es conocida y está bien caracterizada, el protocolo anestésico se puede ajustar a la debilidad específica del paciente. Cuando...
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